Assessment Details
1 Initial Setup
Items in this section are advised for all systems, but may be difficult or require
extensive preparation after the initial setup of the system.
1.1 Filesystem
The file system is generally a built-in layer used to handle the data management of
the storage.
1.1.1 Configure Filesystem Kernel Modules
A number of uncommon filesystem types are supported under Linux. Removing support
for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If a
filesystem type is not needed it should be disabled. Native Linux file systems are
designed to ensure that built-in security controls function as expected. Non-native
filesystems can lead to unexpected consequences to both the security and functionality
of the system and should be used with caution. Many filesystems are created for niche
use cases and are not maintained and supported as the operating systems are updated
and patched. Users of non-native filesystems should ensure that there is attention
and ongoing support for them, especially in light of frequent operating system changes.
Standard network connectivity and Internet access to cloud storage may make the use
of non-standard filesystem formats to directly attach heterogeneous devices much less
attractive.
Note
: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of filesystems. You may wish
to consider additions to those listed here for your environment. For the current available
file system modules on the system see
/usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/fs
Start up scripts
Kernel modules loaded directly via
insmod
will ignore what is configured in the relevant
/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
files. If modules are still being loaded after a reboot whilst having the correctly
configured
blacklist
and install
command, check for
insmod
entries in start up scripts such as
.bashrc
.
You may also want to check
/lib/modprobe.d/
. Please note that this directory should not be used for user defined module loading.
Ensure that all such entries resides in
/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
files.
Return values
Using
/bin/false
as the command in disabling a particular module serves two purposes; to convey the
meaning of the entry to the user and cause a non-zero return value. The latter can
be tested for in scripts. Please note that
insmod
will ignore what is configured in the relevant
/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
files. The preferred way to load modules is with
modprobe
.
Pass1.1.1.1 Ensure cramfs kernel module is not available
Description:
The
cramfs
filesystem type is a compressed read-only Linux filesystem embedded in small footprint
systems. A
cramfs
image can be used without having to first decompress the image.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of
the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
cramfs
module:
- IF -
the
cramfs
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install cramfs /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist cramfs
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r cramfs 2>/dev/null; rmmod cramfs 2>/dev/null
to remove
cramfs
from the kernel
- IF -
the
cramfs
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="cramfs" # set module name
l_mod_type="fs" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "cramfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_cramfs_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.333+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">STIG Finding ID: V-230498</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670651_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "cramfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "cramfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
- URL: STIG Finding ID: V-230498
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.1.2 Ensure freevxfs kernel module is not available
Description:
The
freevxfs
filesystem type is a free version of the Veritas type filesystem. This is the primary
filesystem type for HP-UX operating systems.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of
the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
freevxfs
module:
- IF -
the
freevxfs
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install freevxfs /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist freevxfs
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r freevxfs 2>/dev/null; rmmod freevxfs 2>/dev/null
to remove
freevxfs
from the kernel
- IF -
the
freevxfs
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="freevxfs" # set module name
l_mod_type="fs" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "freevxfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_freevxfs_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.333+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670654_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "freevxfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "freevxfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.1.3 Ensure hfs kernel module is not available
Description:
The
hfs
filesystem type is a hierarchical filesystem that allows you to mount Mac OS filesystems.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of
the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
hfs
module:
- IF -
the
hfs
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install hfs /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist hfs
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r hfs 2>/dev/null; rmmod hfs 2>/dev/null
to remove
hfs
from the kernel
- IF -
the
hfs
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="hfs" # set module name
l_mod_type="fs" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "hfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_hfs_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.334+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670658_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "hfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "hfs" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.1.4 Ensure hfsplus kernel module is not available
Description:
The
hfsplus
filesystem type is a hierarchical filesystem designed to replace
hfs
that allows you to mount Mac OS filesystems.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of
the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
hfsplus
module:
- IF -
the
hfsplus
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install hfsplus /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist hfsplus
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r hfsplus 2>/dev/null; rmmod hfsplus 2>/dev/null
to remove
hfsplus
from the kernel
- IF -
the
hfsplus
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="hfsplus" # set module name
l_mod_type="fs" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "hfsplus" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_hfsplus_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.334+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670660_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "hfsplus" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "hfsplus" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.1.5 Ensure jffs2 kernel module is not available
Description:
The
jffs2
(journaling flash filesystem 2) filesystem type is a log-structured filesystem used
in flash memory devices.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of
the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
jffs2
module:
- IF -
the
jffs2
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install jffs2 /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist jffs2
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r jffs2 2>/dev/null; rmmod jffs2 2>/dev/null
to remove
jffs2
from the kernel
- IF -
the
jffs2
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="jffs2" # set module name
l_mod_type="fs" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "jffs2" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_jffs2_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.334+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670663_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "jffs2" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "jffs2" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.1.6 Ensure squashfs kernel module is not available
Description:
The
squashfs
filesystem type is a compressed read-only Linux filesystem embedded in small footprint
systems. A
squashfs
image can be used without having to first decompress the image.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of
the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
udf
module:
- IF -
the
squashfs
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install squashfs /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist squashfs
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r squashfs 2>/dev/null; rmmod squashfs 2>/dev/null
to remove
squashfs
from the kernel
- IF -
the
squashfs
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="squashfs" # set module name
l_mod_type="fs" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Impact:
As Snap packages utilize
squashfs
as a compressed filesystem, disabling
squashfs
will cause Snap packages to fail.
Snap
application packages of software are self-contained and work across a range of Linux
distributions. This is unlike traditional Linux package management approaches, like
APT or RPM, which require specifically adapted packages per Linux distribution on
an application update and delay therefore application deployment from developers to
their software's end-user. Snaps themselves have no dependency on any external store
("App store"), can be obtained from any source and can be therefore used for upstream
software deployment.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- -- INFO --
- - module: "squashfs" exists in:
- - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "squashfs" is not loaded
- - kernel module: "squashfs" is not loadable
- - kernel module: "squashfs" is deny listed
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_squashfs_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.334+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">LRI:</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">LAI: <LRI>:<Specific ID></xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670668_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l/>
<l> -- INFO --</l>
<l> - module: "squashfs" exists in:</l>
<l> - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "squashfs" is not loaded</l>
<l> - kernel module: "squashfs" is not loadable</l>
<l> - kernel module: "squashfs" is deny listed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li/>
<li> -- INFO --</li>
<li> - module: "squashfs" exists in:</li>
<li> - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "squashfs" is not loaded</li>
<li> - kernel module: "squashfs" is not loadable</li>
<li> - kernel module: "squashfs" is deny listed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
- URL: LRI:
- URL: LAI: <LRI>:<Specific ID>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.1.7 Ensure udf kernel module is not available
Description:
The
udf
filesystem type is the universal disk format used to implement ISO/IEC 13346 and ECMA-167
specifications. This is an open vendor filesystem type for data storage on a broad
range of media. This filesystem type is necessary to support writing DVDs and newer
optical disc formats.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of
the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
udf
module:
- IF -
the
udf
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install udf /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist udf
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r udf 2>/dev/null; rmmod udf 2>/dev/null
to remove
udf
from the kernel
- IF -
the
udf
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="udf" # set module name
l_mod_type="fs" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Impact:
Microsoft Azure requires the usage of
udf
.
udfshould not
be disabled on systems run on Microsoft Azure.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- -- INFO --
- - module: "udf" exists in:
- - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "udf" is not loaded
- - kernel module: "udf" is not loadable
- - kernel module: "udf" is deny listed
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_udf_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.334+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670672_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l/>
<l> -- INFO --</l>
<l> - module: "udf" exists in:</l>
<l> - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "udf" is not loaded</l>
<l> - kernel module: "udf" is not loadable</l>
<l> - kernel module: "udf" is deny listed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li/>
<li> -- INFO --</li>
<li> - module: "udf" exists in:</li>
<li> - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/fs"</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "udf" is not loaded</li>
<li> - kernel module: "udf" is not loadable</li>
<li> - kernel module: "udf" is deny listed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.1.8 Ensure usb-storage kernel module is not available
Description:
USB storage provides a means to transfer and store files ensuring persistence and
availability of the files independent of network connection status. Its popularity
and utility has led to USB-based malware being a simple and common means for network
infiltration and a first step to establishing a persistent threat within a networked
environment.
Restricting USB access on the system will decrease the physical attack surface for
a device and diminish the possible vectors to introduce malware.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
usb-storage
module:
- IF -
the
usb-storage
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install usb-storage /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist usb-storage
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r usb-storage 2>/dev/null; rmmod usb-storage 2>/dev/null
to remove
usb-storage
from the kernel
- IF -
the
usb-storage
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="usb-storage" # set module name
l_mod_type="drivers" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Impact:
Disabling the
usb-storage
module will disable any usage of USB storage devices.
If requirements and local site policy allow the use of such devices, other solutions
should be configured accordingly instead. One example of a commonly used solution
is
USBGuard
.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- -- INFO --
- - module: "usb-storage" exists in:
- - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/drivers"
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "usb-storage" is not loaded
- - kernel module: "usb-storage" is not loadable
- - kernel module: "usb-storage" is deny listed
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.8_Ensure_usb-storage_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.334+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13/subcontrol/7"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670680_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l/>
<l> -- INFO --</l>
<l> - module: "usb-storage" exists in:</l>
<l> - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/drivers"</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "usb-storage" is not loaded</l>
<l> - kernel module: "usb-storage" is not loadable</l>
<l> - kernel module: "usb-storage" is deny listed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li/>
<li> -- INFO --</li>
<li> - module: "usb-storage" exists in:</li>
<li> - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/drivers"</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "usb-storage" is not loaded</li>
<li> - kernel module: "usb-storage" is not loadable</li>
<li> - kernel module: "usb-storage" is deny listed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of
exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information. |
| Subcontrol: |
13.7 |
| Label: |
Manage USB Devices |
| Description: |
If USB storage devices are required, enterprise software should be used that can configure
systems to allow the use of specific devices. An inventory of such devices should
be maintained. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications,
code, or scripts on enterprise assets. |
| Safeguard: |
10.3 |
| Label: |
Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media |
| Description: |
Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual1.1.1.9 Ensure unused filesystems kernel modules are not available
Description:
Filesystem kernel modules are pieces of code that can be dynamically loaded into the
Linux kernel to extend its filesystem capabilities, or so-called base kernel, of an
operating system. Filesystem kernel modules are typically used to add support for
new hardware (as device drivers), or for adding system calls.
While loadable filesystem kernel modules are a convenient method of modifying the
running kernel, this can be abused by attackers on a compromised system to prevent
detection of their processes or files, allowing them to maintain control over the
system. Many rootkits make use of loadable filesystem kernel modules in this way.
Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of
the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it. The following filesystem
kernel modules have known CVE's and should be made unavailable if no dependencies
exist:
- afs
- CVE-2022-37402
- ceph
- CVE-2022-0670
- cifs
- CVE-2022-29869
- exfat
CVE-2022-29973
- ext
CVE-2022-1184
- fat
CVE-2022-22043
- fscache
CVE-2022-3630
- fuse
CVE-2023-0386
- gfs2
CVE-2023-3212
- nfs_common
CVE-2023-6660
- nfsd
CVE-2022-43945
- smbfs_common
CVE-2022-2585
- IF -
the module is available in the running kernel:
- Unload the filesystem kernel module from the kernel
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with install filesystem kernel modules
/bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with deny list filesystem kernel modules in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
WARNING
: unloading, disabling or denylisting filesystem modules that are in use on the system
maybe FATAL. It is extremely important to thoroughly review the filesystems returned
by the audit before following the remediation procedure.
Example of unloading the
gfs2
kernel module:
# modprobe -r gfs2 2>/dev/null
# rmmod gfs2 2>/dev/null
Example of fully disabling the
gfs2
kernel module:
# printf '%s\n' "blacklist gfs2" "install gfs2 /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/gfs2.conf
Note:
- Disabling a kernel module by modifying the command above for each unused filesystem
kernel module
-
The example
gfs2
must be updated with the appropriate module name for the command or example script
bellow to run correctly.
Below is an example Script that can be modified to use on various filesystem kernel
modules manual remediation process:
Example Script
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="gfs2" # set module name
l_mod_type="fs" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Impact:
This list may be quite extensive and covering all edges cases is difficult. Therefore,
it's crucial to carefully consider the implications and dependencies before making
any changes to the filesystem kernel module configurations.
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.9_Ensure_unused_filesystems_kernel_modules_are_not_available"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.334+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=filesystem</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=filesystem
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.1.2 Configure Filesystem Partitions
Directories that are used for system-wide functions can be further protected by placing
them on separate partitions. This provides protection for resource exhaustion and
enables the use of mounting options that are applicable to the directory's intended
use. Users' data can be stored on separate partitions and have stricter mount options.
A user partition is a filesystem that has been established for use by the users and
does not contain software for system operations.
The recommendations in this section are easier to perform during initial system installation.
If the system is already installed, it is recommended that a full backup be performed
before repartitioning the system.
Note:
-IF-
you are repartitioning a system that has already been installed (This may require
the system to be in single-user mode):
-
Mount the new partition to a temporary mountpoint e.g.
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
-
Copy data from the original partition to the new partition. e.g.
cp -a /var/tmp/* /mnt
-
Verify that all data is present on the new partition. e.g.
ls -la /mnt
-
Unmount the new partition. e.g.
umount /mnt
-
Remove the data from the original directory that was in the old partition. e.g.
rm -Rf /var/tmp/*
Otherwise it will still consume space in the old partition that will be masked when
the new filesystem is mounted.
-
Mount the new partition to the desired mountpoint. e.g.
mount /dev/sda2 /var/tmp
-
Update
/etc/fstab
with the new mountpoint. e.g.
/dev/sda2 /var/tmp xfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
1.1.2.1 Configure /tmp
The
/tmp
directory is a world-writable directory used to store data used by the system and
user applications for a short period of time. This data should have no expectation
of surviving a reboot, as this directory is intended to be emptied after each reboot.
Pass1.1.2.1.1 Ensure /tmp is a separate partition
Description:
The
/tmp
directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and
some applications.
- IF -
an entry for
/tmp
exists in
/etc/fstab
it will take precedence over entries in systemd default unit file.
Note:
In an environment where the main system is diskless and connected to iSCSI, entries
in
/etc/fstab
may not take precedence.
/tmp
can be configured to use
tmpfs
.
tmpfs
puts everything into the kernel internal caches and grows and shrinks to accommodate
the files it contains and is able to swap unneeded pages out to swap space. It has
maximum size limits which can be adjusted on the fly via
mount -o remount
.
Since
tmpfs
lives completely in the page cache and on swap, all
tmpfs
pages will be shown as "Shmem" in
/proc/meminfo
and "Shared" in
free
. Notice that these counters also include shared memory. The most reliable way to
get the count is using
df
and
du
.
tmpfs
has three mount options for sizing:
- size
: The limit of allocated bytes for this
tmpfs
instance. The default is half of your physical RAM without swap. If you oversize your
tmpfs
instances the machine will deadlock since the OOM handler will not be able to free
that memory.
- nr_blocks
: The same as size, but in blocks of PAGE_SIZE.
- nr_inodes
: The maximum number of inodes for this instance. The default is half of the number
of your physical RAM pages, or (on a machine with highmem) the number of lowmem RAM
pages, whichever is the lower.
These parameters accept a suffix k, m or g and can be changed on remount. The size
parameter also accepts a suffix % to limit this
tmpfs
instance to that percentage of your physical RAM. The default, when neither
size
nor
nr_blocks
is specified, is
size=50%
.
Making
/tmp
its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such as
the
noexec
option on the mount, making
/tmp
useless for an attacker to install executable code. It would also prevent an attacker
from establishing a hard link to a system
setuid
program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hard link
would be broken, and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program
happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit
the known flaw.
This can be accomplished by either mounting
tmpfs
to
/tmp
, or creating a separate partition for
/tmp
.
First ensure that systemd is correctly configured to ensure that
/tmp
will be mounted at boot time.
# systemctl unmask tmp.mount
For specific configuration requirements of the
/tmp
mount for your environment, modify
/etc/fstab
.
Example of using
tmpfs
with specific mount options:
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=2G 0 0
Note:
the
size=2G
is an example of setting a specific size for
tmpfs
.
Example of using a volume or disk with specific mount options. The source location
of the volume or disk will vary depending on your environment:
<device> /tmp <fstype> defaults,nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0
Impact:
By design files saved to
/tmp
should have no expectation of surviving a reboot of the system.
tmpfs
is ram based and all files stored to
tmpfs
will be lost when the system is rebooted.
If files need to be persistent through a reboot, they should be saved to
/var/tmp
not
/tmp
.
Since the
/tmp
directory is intended to be world-writable, there is a risk of resource exhaustion
if it is not bound to
tmpfs
or a separate partition.
Running out of
/tmp
space is a problem regardless of what kind of filesystem lies under it, but in a configuration
where
/tmp
is not a separate file system it will essentially have the whole disk available, as
the default installation only creates a single
/
partition. On the other hand, a RAM-based
/tmp
(as with
tmpfs
) will almost certainly be much smaller, which can lead to applications filling up
the filesystem much more easily. Another alternative is to create a dedicated partition
for
/tmp
from a separate volume or disk. One of the downsides of a disk-based dedicated partition
is that it will be slower than
tmpfs
which is RAM-based.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point: "/tmp" exists
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1.1_Ensure_tmp_is_a_separate_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.335+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-fstab-generator.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670686_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point: "/tmp" exists</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point: "/tmp" exists</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/
- URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-fstab-generator.html
- URL: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.1.2 Ensure nodev option set on /tmp partition
Description:
The
nodev
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the
/tmp
filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users
cannot create a block or character special devices in
/tmp
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/tmp
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nodev
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/tmp
partition.
Example:
<device> /tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/tmp
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /tmp
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/tmp"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.335+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670695_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/tmp"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/tmp"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.1.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /tmp partition
Description:
The
nosuid
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain
setuid
files.
Since the
/tmp
filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure
that users cannot create
setuid
files in
/tmp
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/tmp
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nosuid
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/tmp
partition.
Example:
<device> /tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/tmp
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /tmp
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/tmp"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.335+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670702_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/tmp"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/tmp"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.1.4 Ensure noexec option set on /tmp partition
Description:
The
noexec
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Since the
/tmp
filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure
that users cannot run executable binaries from
/tmp
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/tmp
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
noexec
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/tmp
partition.
Example:
<device> /tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/tmp
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /tmp
Impact:
Setting the
noexec
option on
/tmp
may prevent installation and/or updating of some 3rd party software.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/tmp"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1.4_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.335+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670709_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/tmp"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/tmp"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.1.2.2 Configure /dev/shm
The
/dev/shm
directory is a world-writable directory that can function as shared memory that facilitates
inter process communication (IPC)
Pass1.1.2.2.1 Ensure /dev/shm is a separate partition
Description:
The
/dev/shm
directory is a world-writable directory that can function as shared memory that facilitates
inter process communication (IPC).
Making
/dev/shm
its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such as
the
noexec
option on the mount, making
/dev/shm
useless for an attacker to install executable code. It would also prevent an attacker
from establishing a hard link to a system
setuid
program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hard link
would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program
happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit
the known flaw.
This can be accomplished by mounting
tmpfs
to
/dev/shm
.
For specific configuration requirements of the
/dev/shm
mount for your environment, modify
/etc/fstab
.
Example:
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=2G 0 0
Impact:
Since the
/dev/shm
directory is intended to be world-writable, there is a risk of resource exhaustion
if it is not bound to a separate partition.
/dev/shm
utilizing
tmpfs
can be resized using the
size={size}
parameter in the relevant entry in
/etc/fstab
.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point: "/dev/shm" exists
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2.1_Ensure_devshm_is_a_separate_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.335+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-fstab-generator.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670720_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point: "/dev/shm" exists</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point: "/dev/shm" exists</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/
- URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-fstab-generator.html
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.2.2 Ensure nodev option set on /dev/shm partition
Description:
The
nodev
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the
/dev/shm
filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users
cannot attempt to create special devices in
/dev/shm
partitions.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/dev/shm
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nodev
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/dev/shm
partition. See the
fstab(5)
manual page for more information.
Example:
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/dev/shm
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /dev/shm
Note:
It is recommended to use
tmpfs
as the device/filesystem type as
/dev/shm
is used as shared memory space by applications.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/dev/shm"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.335+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670726_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/dev/shm"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/dev/shm"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.2.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /dev/shm partition
Description:
The
nosuid
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain
setuid
files.
Setting this option on a file system prevents users from introducing privileged programs
onto the system and allowing non-root users to execute them.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/dev/shm
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nosuid
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/dev/shm
partition. See the
fstab(5)
manual page for more information.
Example:
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/dev/shm
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /dev/shm
Note:
It is recommended to use
tmpfs
as the device/filesystem type as
/dev/shm
is used as shared memory space by applications.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/dev/shm"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.335+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670735_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/dev/shm"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/dev/shm"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.2.4 Ensure noexec option set on /dev/shm partition
Description:
The
noexec
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Setting this option on a file system prevents users from executing programs from shared
memory. This deters users from introducing potentially malicious software on the system.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/dev/shm
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
noexec
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/dev/shm
partition.
Example:
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/dev/shm
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /dev/shm
Note:
It is recommended to use
tmpfs
as the device/filesystem type as
/dev/shm
is used as shared memory space by applications.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/dev/shm"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2.4_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.337+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670742_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/dev/shm"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/dev/shm"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.1.2.3 Configure /home
Please note that home directories can be mounted anywhere and are not necessarily
restricted to
/home
, nor restricted to a single location, nor is the name restricted in any way.
Finding user home directories can be done by looking in
/etc/passwd
, looking over the mounted file systems with
mount
or querying the relevant database with
getent
.
for user in $(awk -F ':' '{print $1}' /etc/passwd); do echo "${user} - $(sudo getent
passwd ${user} | awk -F ':' '{print $NF}')"; done
Pass1.1.2.3.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /home
Description:
The
/home
directory is used to support disk storage needs of local users.
The default installation only creates a single
/
partition. Since the
/home
directory contains user generated data, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. It
will essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact the system as
a whole. In addition, other operations on the system could fill up the disk unrelated
to
/home
and impact all local users.
Configuring
/home
as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such
as
noexec/nosuid/nodev
. These options limit an attacker's ability to create exploits on the system. In the
case of
/home
options such as
usrquota/grpquota
may be considered to limit the impact that users can have on each other with regards
to disk resource exhaustion. Other options allow for specific behavior. See
man mount
for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.
As
/home
contains user data, care should be taken to ensure the security and integrity of the
data and mount point.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify
a separate partition for
/home
.
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure
/etc/fstab
as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem
partitions may prevent successful resizing or may require the installation of additional
tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools
may introduce their own security considerations.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point: "/home" exists
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.3.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.337+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670751_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point: "/home" exists</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point: "/home" exists</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.3.2 Ensure nodev option set on /home partition
Description:
The
nodev
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the
/home
filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users
cannot create a block or character special devices in
/home
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/home
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nodev
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/home
partition.
Example:
<device> /home <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/home
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /home
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/home"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.3.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_home_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.337+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670758_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/home"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/home"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.3.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /home partition
Description:
The
nosuid
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain
setuid
files.
Since the
/home
filesystem is only intended for user file storage, set this option to ensure that
users cannot create
setuid
files in
/home
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/home
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nosuid
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/home
partition.
Example:
<device> /home <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/home
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /home
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/home"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.3.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_home_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.337+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670764_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/home"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/home"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.1.2.4 Configure /var
The
/var
directory is used by daemons and other system services to temporarily store dynamic
data. Some directories created by these processes may be world-writable.
Pass1.1.2.4.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var
Description:
The
/var
directory is used by daemons and other system services to temporarily store dynamic
data. Some directories created by these processes may be world-writable.
The reasoning for mounting
/var
on a separate partition is as follows.
The default installation only creates a single
/
partition. Since the
/var
directory may contain world-writable files and directories, there is a risk of resource
exhaustion. It will essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact
the system. In addition, other operations on the system could fill up the disk unrelated
to
/var
and cause unintended behavior across the system as the disk is full. See
man auditd.conf
for details.
Configuring
/var
as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such
as
noexec/nosuid/nodev
. These options limit an attacker's ability to create exploits on the system. Other
options allow for specific behavior. See
man mount
for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.
An example of exploiting
/var
may be an attacker establishing a hard-link to a system
setuid
program and waiting for it to be updated. Once the program is updated, the hard-link
can be broken and the attacker would have their own copy of the program. If the program
happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit
the known flaw.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify
a separate partition for
/var
.
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure
/etc/fstab
as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem
partitions may prevent successful resizing or may require the installation of additional
tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools
may introduce their own security considerations.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point: "/var" exists
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.4.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.337+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670774_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point: "/var" exists</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point: "/var" exists</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.4.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var partition
Description:
The
nodev
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the
/var
filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users
cannot create a block or character special devices in
/var
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nodev
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var
partition.
Example:
<device> /var <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.4.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_var_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.337+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670780_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.4.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /var partition
Description:
The
nosuid
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain
setuid
files.
Since the
/var
filesystem is only intended for variable files such as logs, set this option to ensure
that users cannot create
setuid
files in
/var
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nosuid
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var
partition.
Example:
<device> /var <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.4.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_var_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.337+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670787_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.1.2.5 Configure /var/tmp
The
/var/tmp
directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and
some applications. Temporary files residing in
/var/tmp
are to be preserved between reboots.
Pass1.1.2.5.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/tmp
Description:
The
/var/tmp
directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and
some applications. Temporary files residing in
/var/tmp
are to be preserved between reboots.
The default installation only creates a single
/
partition. Since the
/var/tmp
directory is world-writable, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. In addition,
other operations on the system could fill up the disk unrelated to
/var/tmp
and cause potential disruption to daemons as the disk is full.
Configuring
/var/tmp
as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such
as
noexec/nosuid/nodev
. These options limit an attacker's ability to create exploits on the system.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify
a separate partition for
/var/tmp
.
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure
/etc/fstab
as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem
partitions may prevent successful resizing or may require the installation of additional
tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools
may introduce their own security considerations.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point: "/var/tmp" exists
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.5.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670799_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point: "/var/tmp" exists</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point: "/var/tmp" exists</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.5.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/tmp partition
Description:
The
nodev
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the
/var/tmp
filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users
cannot create a block or character special devices in
/var/tmp
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/tmp
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nodev
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/tmp
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/tmp
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/tmp
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/tmp"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.5.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670807_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/tmp"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/tmp"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.5.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/tmp partition
Description:
The
nosuid
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain
setuid
files.
Since the
/var/tmp
filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure
that users cannot create
setuid
files in
/var/tmp
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/tmp
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nosuid
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/tmp
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/tmp
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/tmp
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/tmp"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.5.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670819_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/tmp"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/tmp"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.5.4 Ensure noexec option set on /var/tmp partition
Description:
The
noexec
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Since the
/var/tmp
filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure
that users cannot run executable binaries from
/var/tmp
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/tmp
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
noexec
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/tmp
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/tmp
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/tmp
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/tmp"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.5.4_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670828_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/tmp"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/tmp"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.1.2.6 Configure /var/log
The
/var/log
directory is used by system services to store log data.
Pass1.1.2.6.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log
Description:
The
/var/log
directory is used by system services to store log data.
The default installation only creates a single
/
partition. Since the
/var/log
directory contains log files which can grow quite large, there is a risk of resource
exhaustion. It will essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact
the system as a whole.
Configuring
/var/log
as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such
as
noexec/nosuid/nodev
. These options limit an attackers ability to create exploits on the system. Other
options allow for specific behavior. See
man mount
for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.
As
/var/log
contains log files, care should be taken to ensure the security and integrity of the
data and mount point.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify
a separate partition for
/var/log
.
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure
/etc/fstab
as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem
partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional
tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools
may introduce their own security considerations.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point: "/var/log" exists
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.6.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670838_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point: "/var/log" exists</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point: "/var/log" exists</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.4 |
| Label: |
Ensure adequate storage for logs |
| Description: |
Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage |
| Description: |
Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's
audit log management process. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.6.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/log partition
Description:
The
nodev
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the
/var/log
filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users
cannot create a block or character special devices in
/var/log
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/log
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nodev
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/log
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/log <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/log
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/log
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/log"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.6.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670845_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/log"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/log"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.6.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/log partition
Description:
The
nosuid
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain
setuid
files.
Since the
/var/log
filesystem is only intended for log files, set this option to ensure that users cannot
create
setuid
files in
/var/log
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/log
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nosuid
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/log
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/log <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/log
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/log
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/log"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.6.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670853_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/log"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/log"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.6.4 Ensure noexec option set on /var/log partition
Description:
The
noexec
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Since the
/var/log
filesystem is only intended for log files, set this option to ensure that users cannot
run executable binaries from
/var/log
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/log
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
noexec
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/log
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/log <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/log
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/log
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/log"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.6.4_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670860_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/log"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/log"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.1.2.7 Configure /var/log/audit
The auditing daemon,
auditd
, stores log data in the
/var/log/audit
directory.
Pass1.1.2.7.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log/audit
Description:
The auditing daemon,
auditd
, stores log data in the
/var/log/audit
directory.
The default installation only creates a single
/
partition. Since the
/var/log/audit
directory contains the
audit.log
file which can grow quite large, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. It will essentially
have the whole disk available to fill up and impact the system as a whole. In addition,
other operations on the system could fill up the disk unrelated to
/var/log/audit
and cause
auditd
to trigger its
space_left_action
as the disk is full. See
man auditd.conf
for details.
Configuring
/var/log/audit
as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such
as
noexec/nosuid/nodev
. These options limit an attacker's ability to create exploits on the system. Other
options allow for specific behavior. See
man mount
for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.
As
/var/log/audit
contains audit logs, care should be taken to ensure the security and integrity of
the data and mount point.
For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify
a separate partition for
/var/log/audit
.
For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure
/etc/fstab
as appropriate.
Impact:
Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem
partitions may prevent successful resizing or may require the installation of additional
tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools
may introduce their own security considerations.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point: "/var/log/audit" exists
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.7.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670867_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point: "/var/log/audit" exists</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_exists_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point: "/var/log/audit" exists</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.4 |
| Label: |
Ensure adequate storage for logs |
| Description: |
Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage |
| Description: |
Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's
audit log management process. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.7.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/log/audit partition
Description:
The
nodev
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.
Since the
/var/log/audit
filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users
cannot create a block or character special devices in
/var/log/audit
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/log/audit
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nodev
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/log/audit
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/log/audit <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/log/audit
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/log/audit
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/log/audit"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.7.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670873_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/log/audit"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nodev" exists on: "/var/log/audit"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.7.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/log/audit partition
Description:
The
nosuid
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain
setuid
files.
Since the
/var/log/audit
filesystem is only intended for variable files such as logs, set this option to ensure
that users cannot create
setuid
files in
/var/log/audit
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/log/audit
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
nosuid
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/log/audit
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/log/audit <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/log/audit
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/log/audit
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/log/audit"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.7.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670881_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/log/audit"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "nosuid" exists on: "/var/log/audit"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.1.2.7.4 Ensure noexec option set on /var/log/audit partition
Description:
The
noexec
mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.
Since the
/var/log/audit
filesystem is only intended for audit logs, set this option to ensure that users cannot
run executable binaries from
/var/log/audit
.
- IF -
a separate partition exists for
/var/log/audit
.
Edit the
/etc/fstab
file and add
noexec
to the fourth field (mounting options) for the
/var/log/audit
partition.
Example:
<device> /var/log/audit <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
0 0
Run the following command to remount
/var/log/audit
with the configured options:
# mount -o remount /var/log/audit
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/log/audit"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.7.4_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670888_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/log/audit"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mount_point_option_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li> - Mount point option: "noexec" exists on: "/var/log/audit"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.2 Package Management
Patch management procedures may vary widely between enterprises. Large enterprises
may choose to install a local updates server that can be used in place of their distributions
servers, whereas a single deployment of a system may prefer to get updates directly.
Updates can be performed automatically or manually, depending on the site's policy
for patch management. Organizations may prefer to test patches against their environment
on a non-production system before rolling out to production.
Outdated software is vulnerable to cyber criminals and hackers. Software updates help
reduce the risk to your organization. The release of software update notes often reveal
the patched exploitable entry points to the public. Public knowledge of these exploits
cans your organization more vulnerable to malicious actors attempting to gain entry
to your system's data.
Software updates often offer new and improved features and speed enhancements
For the purpose of this benchmark, the requirement is to ensure that a patch management
process is defined and maintained, the specifics of which are left to the organization.
1.2.1 Configure Package Repositories
Patch management procedures may vary widely between enterprises. Large enterprises
may choose to install a local updates server that can be used in place of their distributions
servers, whereas a single deployment of a system may prefer to get updates directly.
Updates can be performed automatically or manually, depending on the site's policy
for patch management. Organizations may prefer to test patches against their environment
on a non-production system before rolling out to production.
Outdated software is vulnerable to cyber criminals and hackers. Software updates help
reduce the risk to your organization. The release of software update notes often reveals
the patched exploitable entry points to the public. Public knowledge of these exploits
can leave your organization more vulnerable to malicious actors attempting to gain
access to your system's data.
Note:
Creation of an appropriate patch management policy is left to the organization.
Manual1.2.1.1 Ensure GPG keys are configured
Description:
The RPM Package Manager implements GPG key signing to verify package integrity during
and after installation.
It is important to ensure that updates are obtained from a valid source to protect
against spoofing that could lead to the inadvertent installation of malware on the
system. To this end, verify that GPG keys are configured correctly for your system.
Update your package manager GPG keys in accordance with site policy.
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1.1_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify
vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
3.4 |
| Label: |
Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools |
| Description: |
Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems
are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor. |
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify
vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
3.5 |
| Label: |
Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools |
| Description: |
Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software
on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software
vendor. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise
assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize,
the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources
for new threat and vulnerability information. |
| Safeguard: |
7.3 |
| Label: |
Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management |
| Description: |
Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
- Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise
assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize,
the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources
for new threat and vulnerability information. |
| Safeguard: |
7.4 |
| Label: |
Perform Automated Application Patch Management |
| Description: |
Perform application updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.2.1.2 Ensure gpgcheck is globally activated
Description:
The
gpgcheck
option, found in the main section of the
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
and individual
/etc/yum.repos.d/*
files, determines if an RPM package's signature is checked prior to its installation.
It is important to ensure that an RPM's package signature is always checked prior
to installation to ensure that the software is obtained from a trusted source.
Edit
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
and set
gpgcheck=1
:
Example
# sed -i 's/^gpgcheck\s*=\s*.*/gpgcheck=1/' /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
Edit any failing files in
/etc/yum.repos.d/*
and set all instances starting with
gpgcheck
to
1
.
Example:
# find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "*.repo" -exec echo "Checking:" {} \; -exec sed -i
's/^gpgcheck\s*=\s*.*/gpgcheck=1/' {} \;
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensurefile(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/yum.repos.d exists and matches pattern ^\h*gpgcheck\h*=\h*(0|[2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+|false|no)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/dnf/dnf.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*gpgcheck\h*=\h*(1|true|yes)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/dnf |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
dnf.conf |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\h*gpgcheck\h*=\h*(1|true|yes)\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
gpgcheck=1 |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
gpgcheck=1 |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
1 |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/dnf/dnf.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*gpgcheck\h*=\h*(0|[2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+|false|no)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1.2_Ensure_gpgcheck_is_globally_activated"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670897"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670897">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670897"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/yum.repos.d exists and matches pattern ^\h*gpgcheck\h*=\h*(0|[2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+|false|no)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670904"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670904">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670904"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/dnf/dnf.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*gpgcheck\h*=\h*(1|true|yes)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/dnf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dnf.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\h*gpgcheck\h*=\h*(1|true|yes)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>gpgcheck=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>gpgcheck=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670911"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670911">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670911"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/dnf/dnf.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*gpgcheck\h*=\h*(0|[2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+|false|no)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify
vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
3.4 |
| Label: |
Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools |
| Description: |
Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems
are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise
assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize,
the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources
for new threat and vulnerability information. |
| Safeguard: |
7.3 |
| Label: |
Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management |
| Description: |
Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual1.2.1.3 Ensure repo_gpgcheck is globally activated
Description:
The
repo_gpgcheck
option, found in the main section of the
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
and individual
/etc/yum.repos.d/*
files, will perform a GPG signature check on the repodata.
It is important to ensure that the repository data signature is always checked prior
to installation to ensure that the software is not tampered with in any way.
Global configuration
Edit
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
and set
repo_gpgcheck=1
in the
[main]
section.
Example:
[main]
repo_gpgcheck=1
Per repository configuration
First check that the particular repository support GPG checking on the repodata.
Edit any failing files in
/etc/yum.repos.d/*
and set all instances starting with
repo_gpgcheck
to
1
.
Impact:
Not all repositories, notably RedHat, support
repo_gpgcheck
. Take care to set this value to false (default) for particular repositories that
do not support it. If enabled on repositories that do not support
repo_gpgcheck
installation of packages will fail.
Research is required by the user to determine which repositories is configured on
the local system and, from that list, which support
repo_gpgcheck
.
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1.3_Ensure_repo_gpgcheck_is_globally_activated"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify
vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
3.4 |
| Label: |
Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools |
| Description: |
Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems
are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise
assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize,
the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources
for new threat and vulnerability information. |
| Safeguard: |
7.3 |
| Label: |
Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management |
| Description: |
Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual1.2.1.4 Ensure package manager repositories are configured
Description:
Systems need to have the respective package manager repositories configured to ensure
that the system is able to receive the latest patches and updates.
If a system's package repositories are misconfigured, important patches may not be
identified or a rogue repository could introduce compromised software.
Configure your package manager repositories according to site policy.
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1.4_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify
vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
3.4 |
| Label: |
Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools |
| Description: |
Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems
are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor. |
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify
vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
3.5 |
| Label: |
Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools |
| Description: |
Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software
on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software
vendor. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise
assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize,
the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources
for new threat and vulnerability information. |
| Safeguard: |
7.3 |
| Label: |
Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management |
| Description: |
Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
- Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise
assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize,
the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources
for new threat and vulnerability information. |
| Safeguard: |
7.4 |
| Label: |
Perform Automated Application Patch Management |
| Description: |
Perform application updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.2.2 Configure Package Updates
Manual1.2.2.1 Ensure updates, patches, and additional security software are installed
Description:
Periodically patches are released for included software either due to security flaws
or to include additional functionality.
Newer patches may contain security enhancements that would not be available through
the latest full update. As a result, it is recommended that the latest software patches
be used to take advantage of the latest functionality. As with any software installation,
organizations need to determine if a given update meets their requirements and verify
the compatibility and supportability of any additional software against the update
revision that is selected.
Use your package manager to update all packages on the system according to site policy.
The following command will install all available updates:
# dnf update
Once the update process is complete, verify if reboot is required to load changes.
dnf needs-restarting -r
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2.1_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify
vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
3.4 |
| Label: |
Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools |
| Description: |
Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems
are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor. |
- Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify
vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
3.5 |
| Label: |
Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools |
| Description: |
Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software
on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software
vendor. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise
assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize,
the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources
for new threat and vulnerability information. |
| Safeguard: |
7.3 |
| Label: |
Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management |
| Description: |
Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
- Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise
assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize,
the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources
for new threat and vulnerability information. |
| Safeguard: |
7.4 |
| Label: |
Perform Automated Application Patch Management |
| Description: |
Perform application updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.3 Mandatory Access Control
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) provides an additional layer of access restrictions
to processes on top of the base Discretionary Access Controls. By restricting how
processes can access files and resources on a system the potential impact from vulnerabilities
in the processes can be reduced.
Impact:
Mandatory Access Control limits the capabilities of applications and daemons on a
system, while this can prevent unauthorized access the configuration of MAC can be
complex and difficult to implement correctly preventing legitimate access from occurring.
1.3.1 Configure SELinux
SELinux implements Mandatory Access Control (MAC). Every process and system resource
has a special security label called an SELinux context. A SELinux context, sometimes
referred to as an SELinux label, is an identifier which abstracts away the system-level
details and focuses on the security properties of the entity. Not only does this provide
a consistent way of referencing objects in the SELinux policy, but it also removes
any ambiguity that can be found in other identification methods. For example, a file
can have multiple valid path names on a system that makes use of bind mounts.
The SELinux policy uses these contexts in a series of rules which define how processes
can interact with each other and the various system resources. By default, the policy
does not allow any interaction unless a rule explicitly grants access.
In Fedora 28 Family Linux distributions, system services are controlled by the systemd
daemon; systemd starts and stops all services, and users and processes communicate
with systemd using the systemctl utility. The systemd daemon can consult the SELinux
policy and check the label of the calling process and the label of the unit file that
the caller tries to manage, and then ask SELinux whether or not the caller is allowed
the access. This approach strengthens access control to critical system capabilities,
which include starting and stopping system services.
This automatically limits the damage that the software can do to files accessible
by the calling user. The user does not need to take any action to gain this benefit.
For an action to occur, both the traditional DAC permissions must be satisfied as
well as the SELinux MAC rules. The action will not be allowed if either one of these
models does not permit the action. In this way, SELinux rules can only make a system's
permissions more restrictive and secure. SELinux requires a complex policy to allow
all the actions required of a system under normal operation.
Two such policies have been designed for use with Fedora 28 Family Linux distributions
and are included with the system:
- targeted
- Targeted processes run in their own domain, called a confined domain. In a confined
domain, the files that a targeted process has access to are limited. If a confined
process is compromised by an attacker, the attacker’s access to resources and the
possible damage they can do is also limited. SELinux denies access to these resources
and logs the denial.
- mls
- Implements Multi-Level Security (MLS), which introduces even more kinds of labels
(sensitivity and category) and rules that govern access based on these.
This section provides guidance for the configuration of the
targeted
policy.
Note:
- Remember that SELinux policy rules are checked after DAC rules. SELinux policy rules
are not used if DAC rules deny access first, which means that no SELinux denial is
logged if the traditional DAC rules prevent the access.
- This section only applies if SELinux is in use on the system. Additional Mandatory
Access Control systems exist.
- To avoid incorrect SELinux labeling and subsequent problems, ensure that you start
services using a systemctl start command.
References:
-
NSA SELinux resources:
-
Fedora SELinux resources:
-
SELinux Project web page and wiki:
Pass1.3.1.1 Ensure SELinux is installed
Description:
SELinux provides Mandatory Access Control.
Without a Mandatory Access Control system installed only the default Discretionary
Access Control system will be available.
Run the following command to install
SELinux
:
# dnf install libselinux
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'libselinux' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
libselinux |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
1.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
3.6 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:3.6-1.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
libselinux-0:3.6-1.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1.1_Ensure_SELinux_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670927"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670927">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670927"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'libselinux' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>libselinux</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.6-1.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>libselinux-0:3.6-1.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.3.1.2 Ensure SELinux is not disabled in bootloader configuration
Description:
Configure SELINUX to be enabled at boot time and verify that it has not been overwritten
by the grub boot parameters.
SELinux must be enabled at boot time in your grub configuration to ensure that the
controls it provides are not overridden.
Run the following command to remove the
selinux=0
and
enforcing=0
parameters:
grubby --update-kernel ALL --remove-args "selinux=0 enforcing=0"
Run the following command to remove the
selinux=0
and
enforcing=0
parameters if they were created by the deprecated
grub2-mkconfig
command:
# grep -Prsq -- '\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?kernelopts=([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(selinux|enforcing)=0\b'
/boot/grub2 /boot/efi && grub2-mkconfig -o "$(grep -Prl -- '\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?kernelopts=([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(selinux|enforcing)=0\b'
/boot/grub2 /boot/efi)"
Impact:
Files created while SELinux is disabled are not labeled at all. This behavior causes
problems when changing to enforcing mode because files are labeled incorrectly or
are not labeled at all. To prevent incorrectly labeled and unlabeled files from causing
problems, file systems are automatically relabeled when changing from the disabled
state to permissive or enforcing mode. This can be a long running process that should
be accounted for as it may extend downtime during initial re-boot.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - Grub parameter: "selinux=0" is not set
- *** Lines from grub config: ***
- args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295
crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"
- *** END ***
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - Grub parameter: "enforcing=0" is not set
- *** Lines from grub config: ***
- args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295
crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"
- *** END ***
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1.2_Ensure_SELinux_is_not_disabled_in_bootloader_configuration"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670932_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - Grub parameter: "selinux=0" is not set</l>
<l/>
<l>*** Lines from grub config: ***</l>
<l>args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"</l>
<l>*** END ***</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - Grub parameter: "selinux=0" is not set</li>
<li/>
<li>*** Lines from grub config: ***</li>
<li>args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"</li>
<li>*** END ***</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670935_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - Grub parameter: "enforcing=0" is not set</l>
<l/>
<l>*** Lines from grub config: ***</l>
<l>args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"</l>
<l>*** END ***</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_grubby_not_exist_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - Grub parameter: "enforcing=0" is not set</li>
<li/>
<li>*** Lines from grub config: ***</li>
<li>args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"</li>
<li>*** END ***</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.3.1.3 Ensure SELinux policy is configured
Description:
Configure SELinux to meet or exceed the default targeted policy, which constrains
daemons and system software only.
Security configuration requirements vary from site to site. Some sites may mandate
a policy that is stricter than the default policy, which is perfectly acceptable.
This item is intended to ensure that at least the default recommendations are met.
Edit the
/etc/selinux/config
file to set the SELINUXTYPE parameter:
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/selinux/config exists and matches pattern ^\s*SELINUXTYPE\s*=\s*(targeted|mls)\s*(\s+#.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/selinux/config |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/selinux |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
config |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\s*SELINUXTYPE\s*=\s*(targeted|mls)\s*(\s+#.*)?$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
|
| Text |
String |
Exists |
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
|
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
targeted |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Script: |
sce/sestatus_check.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| No output lines were collected. |
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1.3_Ensure_SELinux_policy_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670940"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670940">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670940"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/selinux/config exists and matches pattern ^\s*SELINUXTYPE\s*=\s*(targeted|mls)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/selinux/config</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/selinux</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>config</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*SELINUXTYPE\s*=\s*(targeted|mls)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>SELINUXTYPE=targeted
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>SELINUXTYPE=targeted
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>targeted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670944_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/sestatus_check.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sestatus_check.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.3.1.4 Ensure the SELinux mode is not disabled
Description:
SELinux can run in one of three modes: disabled, permissive, or enforcing:
- Enforcing
- Is the default, and recommended, mode of operation; in enforcing mode SELinux operates
normally, enforcing the loaded security policy on the entire system.
- Permissive
- The system acts as if SELinux is enforcing the loaded security policy, including
labeling objects and emitting access denial entries in the logs, but it does not actually
deny any operations. While not recommended for production systems, permissive mode
can be helpful for SELinux policy development.
- Disabled
- Is strongly discouraged; not only does the system avoid enforcing the SELinux policy,
it also avoids labeling any persistent objects such as files, making it difficult
to enable SELinux in the future
Note:
You can set individual domains to permissive mode while the system runs in enforcing
mode. For example, to make the httpd_t domain permissive:
# semanage permissive -a httpd_t
Running SELinux in disabled mode is strongly discouraged; not only does the system
avoid enforcing the SELinux policy, it also avoids labeling any persistent objects
such as files, making it difficult to enable SELinux in the future.
Run one of the following commands to set SELinux's running mode:
To set SELinux mode to
Enforcing
:
# setenforce 1
- OR -
To set SELinux mode to
Permissive
:
# setenforce 0
Edit the
/etc/selinux/config
file to set the SELINUX parameter:
For Enforcing mode:
SELINUX=enforcing
- OR -
For Permissive mode:
SELINUX=permissive
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/selinux/config exists and matches pattern ^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*(enforcing|permissive)\s*(\s+#.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/selinux/config |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/selinux |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
config |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*(enforcing|permissive)\s*(\s+#.*)?$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
SELINUX=permissive
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values: |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
SELINUX=permissive
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values: |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
permissive |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values: |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Script: |
sce/sestatus_check.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| No output lines were collected. |
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/sestatus_check.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| No output lines were collected. |
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1.4_Ensure_the_SELinux_mode_is_not_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.338+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/selinux_users_and_administrators_guide/sect-security-enhanced_linux-introduction-selinux_modes</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670949"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670949">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670949"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/selinux/config exists and matches pattern ^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*(enforcing|permissive)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/selinux/config</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/selinux</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>config</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*(enforcing|permissive)\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>SELINUX=permissive
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>SELINUX=permissive
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>permissive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670953_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/sestatus_check.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sestatus_check.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670956_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/sestatus_check.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out/>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sestatus_check.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No output lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/selinux_users_and_administrators_guide/sect-security-enhanced_linux-introduction-selinux_modes
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail1.3.1.5 Ensure the SELinux mode is enforcing
Description:
SELinux can run in one of three modes: disabled, permissive, or enforcing:
- Enforcing
- Is the default, and recommended, mode of operation; in enforcing mode SELinux operates
normally, enforcing the loaded security policy on the entire system.
- Permissive
- The system acts as if SELinux is enforcing the loaded security policy, including
labeling objects and emitting access denial entries in the logs, but it does not actually
deny any operations. While not recommended for production systems, permissive mode
can be helpful for SELinux policy development.
- Disabled
- Is strongly discouraged; not only does the system avoid enforcing the SELinux policy,
it also avoids labeling any persistent objects such as files, making it difficult
to enable SELinux in the future
Note:
You can set individual domains to permissive mode while the system runs in enforcing
mode. For example, to make the httpd_t domain permissive:
# semanage permissive -a httpd_t
Running SELinux in disabled mode the system not only avoids enforcing the SELinux
policy, it also avoids labeling any persistent objects such as files, making it difficult
to enable SELinux in the future.
Running SELinux in Permissive mode, though helpful for developing SELinux policy,
only logs access denial entries, but does not deny any operations.
Run the following command to set SELinux's running mode:
# setenforce 1
Edit the
/etc/selinux/config
file to set the SELINUX parameter:
For Enforcing mode:
SELINUX=enforcing
Impact:
Running SELinux in Enforcing mode may block intended access to files or processes
if the SELinux policy is not correctly configured. If this occurs, review the system
logs for details and update labels or policy as appropriate.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/selinux/config exists and matches pattern ^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*enforcing\s*(\s+#.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Script: |
sce/sestatus_check.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- SELinux status for "^Current mode:\s+enforcing$" not found
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/sestatus_check.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- SELinux status for "^Mode from config file:\s+enforcing$" not found
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1.5_Ensure_the_SELinux_mode_is_enforcing"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.339+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/selinux_users_and_administrators_guide/sect-security-enhanced_linux-introduction-selinux_modes</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">CCI-002165: The information system enforces organization-defined discretionary access control policies over defined subjects and objects.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Revision 4 :: AC-3 (4)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">CCI-002696: The information system verifies correct operation of organization-defined security functions.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Revision 4 :: SI-6 a</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670962"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670962">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670962"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/selinux/config exists and matches pattern ^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*enforcing\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670966_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/sestatus_check.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>SELinux status for "^Current mode:\s+enforcing$" not found</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sestatus_check.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>SELinux status for "^Current mode:\s+enforcing$" not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670970_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/sestatus_check.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/sestatus_check.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>SELinux status for "^Mode from config file:\s+enforcing$" not found</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/sestatus_check.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>SELinux status for "^Mode from config file:\s+enforcing$" not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/selinux_users_and_administrators_guide/sect-security-enhanced_linux-introduction-selinux_modes
- URL: CCI-002165: The information system enforces organization-defined discretionary access
control policies over defined subjects and objects.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Revision 4 :: AC-3 (4)
- URL: CCI-002696: The information system verifies correct operation of organization-defined
security functions.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Revision 4 :: SI-6 a
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual1.3.1.6 Ensure no unconfined services exist
Description:
Unconfined processes run in unconfined domains
For unconfined processes, SELinux policy rules are applied, but policy rules exist
that allow processes running in unconfined domains almost all access. Processes running
in unconfined domains fall back to using DAC rules exclusively. If an unconfined process
is compromised, SELinux does not prevent an attacker from gaining access to system
resources and data, but of course, DAC rules are still used. SELinux is a security
enhancement on top of DAC rules – it does not replace them
Investigate any unconfined processes found during the audit action. If necessary create
a customize SELinux policy to allow necessary actions for the service.
Warning:
Knowledge about creating and configuring SELinux policies is needed. A Basic example
on how to create a policy is included below.
-
Identify the unconfined service: determine the name and process of the service
-
Identify the functionality: determine if the functionality is required for operations
-
Create or add to the custom allow list in the SELinux policy configuration
Example SELinux policy configuration: service_allowlist_policy.te
# Example SELinux policy configuration for allowing access to specific actions and
resources for a service
module my_service 1.0;
require {
type my_service_t;
type system_resource_t;
class file { read write execute };
class dir { read write add_name };
class tcp_socket name_connect;
}
allow my_service_t system_resource_t:file { read write execute }; # Allow my_service_t
to read, write, and execute files with the system_resource_t context
allow my_service_t system_resource_t:dir { read write add_name }; # Allow my_service_t
to read and write to directories with the system_resource_t context
allow my_service_t system_resource_t:tcp_socket name_connect; # Allow my_service_t
to establish TCP connections
- Compile the policy
# checkmodule -M -, -o service_allowlist_policy.mod service_allowlist_policy.te
- Create the package
# semodule_package -o service_allowlist_policy.pp -m service_allowlist_policy.mod
- Load the policy
# semodule -i service_allowlist_policy.pp
- Apply the policy to the service
# chcon -t se service_allowlist_policy /path/to/service_binary
Impact:
Confining a service that inherently requires unconfined access to function may disrupt
its intended operations. This restriction may lead to downtime, degraded performance,
or loss in functionality. It is crucial to analyze and adjust SELinux policies in
accordance with site security policies and operational requirements.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/unconfined_services.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- Unconfined service(s): system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4011 ? 00:00:00 amazon-ssm-agen
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4108 ? 00:00:00 ssm-agent-worke
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4255 ? 00:00:03 ssm-session-wor
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4277 pts/0 00:00:00 sh
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4278 pts/0 00:00:00 sudo
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4290 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4313 pts/0 00:00:00 su
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4314 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30585 pts/0 00:00:00 sudo
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30589 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30612 pts/0 00:00:24 java
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31564 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31567 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31568 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
- system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31569 pts/0 00:00:00 grep exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1.6_Ensure_no_unconfined_services_exist"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.339+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nb.fedorapeople.org/cvsfedora/web/html/docs/selinux-guide/f10/en-US/sect-Security-Enhanced_Linux-Targeted_Policy-Unconfined_Processes.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/using_selinux/managing-confined-and-unconfined-users_using-selinux</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/id-id/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/using_selinux/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-using_selinux-en-us.pdf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/unconfined_services.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/unconfined_services.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/unconfined_services.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Unconfined service(s): system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4011 ? 00:00:00 amazon-ssm-agen</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4108 ? 00:00:00 ssm-agent-worke</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4255 ? 00:00:03 ssm-session-wor</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4277 pts/0 00:00:00 sh</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4278 pts/0 00:00:00 sudo</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4290 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4313 pts/0 00:00:00 su</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4314 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30585 pts/0 00:00:00 sudo</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30589 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30612 pts/0 00:00:24 java</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31564 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31567 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31568 pts/0 00:00:00 ps</l>
<l>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31569 pts/0 00:00:00 grep exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/unconfined_services.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Unconfined service(s): system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4011 ? 00:00:00 amazon-ssm-agen</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4108 ? 00:00:00 ssm-agent-worke</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4255 ? 00:00:03 ssm-session-wor</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4277 pts/0 00:00:00 sh</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4278 pts/0 00:00:00 sudo</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4290 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4313 pts/0 00:00:00 su</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 4314 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30585 pts/0 00:00:00 sudo</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30589 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 30612 pts/0 00:00:24 java</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31564 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31567 pts/0 00:00:00 bash</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31568 pts/0 00:00:00 ps</li>
<li>system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0 31569 pts/0 00:00:00 grep exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
- URL: https://nb.fedorapeople.org/cvsfedora/web/html/docs/selinux-guide/f10/en-US/sect-Security-Enhanced_Linux-Targeted_Policy-Unconfined_Processes.html
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/using_selinux/managing-confined-and-unconfined-users_using-selinux
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/id-id/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/using_selinux/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-using_selinux-en-us.pdf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.3.1.7 Ensure the MCS Translation Service (mcstrans) is not installed
Description:
The
mcstransd
daemon provides category label information to client processes requesting information.
The label translations are defined in
/etc/selinux/targeted/setrans.conf
Since this service is not used very often, remove it to reduce the amount of potentially
vulnerable code running on the system.
Run the following command to uninstall
mcstrans
:
# dnf remove mcstrans
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'mcstrans' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1.7_Ensure_the_MCS_Translation_Service_mcstrans_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.339+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670979"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670979">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670979"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'mcstrans' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.3.1.8 Ensure SETroubleshoot is not installed
Description:
The SETroubleshoot service notifies desktop users of SELinux denials through a user-friendly
interface. The service provides important information around configuration errors,
unauthorized intrusions, and other potential errors.
The SETroubleshoot service is an unnecessary daemon to have running on a server, especially
if X Windows is disabled.
Run the following command to uninstall
setroubleshoot
:
# dnf remove setroubleshoot
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'setroubleshoot' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1.8_Ensure_SETroubleshoot_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.339+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670983"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670983">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670983"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'setroubleshoot' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.4 Configure Bootloader
The recommendations in this section focus on securing the bootloader and settings
involved in the boot process directly.
Notes:
-
In Fedora 28 based distributions, the kernel command-line parameters for systems using
the GRUB2 bootloader were defined in the
kernelopts
environment variable. This variable was stored in the
/boot/grub2/grubenv
file for each kernel boot entry. However, storing the kernel command-line parameters
using
kernelopts
was not robust. Therefore, the
kernelopts
has been removed and the kernel command-line parameters are now stored in the Boot
Loader Specification (BLS) snippet, instead of in the
/boot/loader/entries/<KERNEL_BOOT_ENTRY>.conf
file.
-
Boot loader configuration files are unified across CPU architectures
-
Configuration files for the GRUB boot loader are now stored in the
/boot/grub2/
directory on all supported CPU architectures. The
/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg
file, which GRUB previously used as the main configuration file on UEFI systems, now
simply loads the
/boot/grub2/grub.cfg
file.
-
This change simplifies the layout of the GRUB configuration file, improves user experience,
and provides the following notable benefits:
- You can boot the same installation with either EFI or legacy BIOS.
- You can use the same documentation and commands for all architectures.
- GRUB configuration tools are more robust, because they no longer rely on symbolic
links and they do not have to handle platform-specific cases.
- The usage of the GRUB configuration files is aligned with images generated by CoreOS
Assembler (COSA) and OSBuild.
- The usage of the GRUB configuration files is aligned with other Linux distributions.
- Fedora 28 based distributions no longer boot on 32-bit UEFI
-
Support for the 32-bit UEFI firmware was removed from the GRUB and shim boot loaders.
As a consequence, Fedora 28 based distributions require a 64-bit UEFI, and can no
longer boot on 64-bit systems that use a 32-bit UEFI.
- The following packages have been removed as part of this change:
- grub2-efi-ia32
- grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot
- grub2-efi-ia32-modules
- shim-ia32
Reference:https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html-single/considerations_in_adopting_rhel_8/index#kernel_considerations-in-adopting-RHEL-8
Pass1.4.1 Ensure bootloader password is set
Description:
Setting the boot loader password will require that anyone rebooting the system must
enter a password before being able to set command line boot parameters.
Requiring a boot password upon execution of the boot loader will prevent an unauthorized
user from entering boot parameters or changing the boot partition. This prevents users
from weakening security (e.g. turning off SELinux at boot time).
Create an encrypted password with
grub2-setpassword
:
# grub2-setpassword
Enter password: <password>
Confirm password: <password>
Impact:
If password protection is enabled, only the designated superuser can edit a GRUB 2
menu item by pressing
e
or access the GRUB 2 command line by pressing
c
If GRUB 2 is set up to boot automatically to a password-protected menu entry the user
has no option to back out of the password prompt to select another menu entry. Holding
the SHIFT key will not display the menu in this case. The user must enter the correct
username and password. If unable, the configuration files will have to be edited via
the LiveCD or other means to fix the problem
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_bootloader_password_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - Grub bootloader password is set in: "/boot/grub2/user.cfg"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'grub2-common' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
grub2-common |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
noarch |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
1 |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
80.el9_4 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
2.06 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
1:2.06-80.el9_4 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
grub2-common-1:2.06-80.el9_4.noarch |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.339+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_bootloader_password_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_bootloader_password_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_bootloader_password_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - Grub bootloader password is set in: "/boot/grub2/user.cfg"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_bootloader_password_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - Grub bootloader password is set in: "/boot/grub2/user.cfg"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670991"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670991">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670991"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'grub2-common' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub2-common</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>noarch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>80.el9_4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2.06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1:2.06-80.el9_4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>grub2-common-1:2.06-80.el9_4.noarch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.4.2 Ensure access to bootloader config is configured
Description:
The grub files contain information on boot settings and passwords for unlocking boot
options.
Setting the permissions to read and write for root only prevents non-root users from
seeing the boot parameters or changing them. Non-root users who read the boot parameters
may be able to identify weaknesses in security upon boot and be able to exploit them.
Run the following to update the mode, ownership, and group ownership of the grub configuration
files:
- IF -
the system uses UEFI (Files located in
/boot/efi/EFI/*
)
Edit
/etc/fstab
and add the
fmask=0077
,
uid=0
, and
gid=0
options:
Example:
<device> /boot/efi vfat defaults,umask=0027,fmask=0077,uid=0,gid=0 0 0
Note:
This may require a re-boot to enable the change
- OR -
- IF -
the system uses BIOS (Files located in
/boot/grub2/*
)
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on your grub configuration
file(s):
# [ -f /boot/grub2/grub.cfg ] && chown root:root /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
# [ -f /boot/grub2/grub.cfg ] && chmod u-x,go-rwx /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
# [ -f /boot/grub2/grubenv ] && chown root:root /boot/grub2/grubenv
# [ -f /boot/grub2/grubenv ] && chmod u-x,go-rwx /boot/grub2/grubenv
# [ -f /boot/grub2/user.cfg ] && chown root:root /boot/grub2/user.cfg
# [ -f /boot/grub2/user.cfg ] && chmod u-x,go-rwx /boot/grub2/user.cfg
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_grub_file_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - File: "/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg"
- - Is correctly mode: "0700" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive
- - Is correctly owned by user: "root"
- - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"
- - File: "/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grubx64.efi"
- - Is correctly mode: "0700" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive
- - Is correctly owned by user: "root"
- - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"
- - File: "/boot/grub2/grubenv"
- - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive
- - Is correctly owned by user: "root"
- - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"
- - File: "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"
- - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive
- - Is correctly owned by user: "root"
- - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"
- - File: "/boot/grub2/user.cfg"
- - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive
- - Is correctly owned by user: "root"
- - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_access_to_bootloader_config_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.339+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_grub_file_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_grub_file_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_grub_file_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg"</l>
<l> - Is correctly mode: "0700" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</l>
<l> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grubx64.efi"</l>
<l> - Is correctly mode: "0700" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</l>
<l> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/boot/grub2/grubenv"</l>
<l> - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</l>
<l> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"</l>
<l> - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</l>
<l> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/boot/grub2/user.cfg"</l>
<l> - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</l>
<l> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_grub_file_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg"</li>
<li> - Is correctly mode: "0700" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</li>
<li> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grubx64.efi"</li>
<li> - Is correctly mode: "0700" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</li>
<li> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/boot/grub2/grubenv"</li>
<li> - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</li>
<li> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"</li>
<li> - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</li>
<li> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/boot/grub2/user.cfg"</li>
<li> - Is correctly mode: "0600" which is mode: "700" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Is correctly owned by user: "root"</li>
<li> - Is correctly group-owned by group: "root"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.5 Configure Additional Process Hardening
Pass1.5.1 Ensure address space layout randomization is enabled
Description:
Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is an exploit mitigation technique which
randomly arranges the address space of key data areas of a process.
Randomly placing virtual memory regions will make it difficult to write memory page
exploits as the memory placement will be consistently shifting.
Set the following parameter in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- kernel.randomize_va_space = 2
Example:
# printf "
kernel.randomize_va_space = 2
" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-kernel_sysctl.conf
Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:
# sysctl -w kernel.randomize_va_space=2
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in the running configuration
- - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/60-CIS-Kernel.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.339+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">CCI-000366: The organization implements the security configuration settings</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53A :: CM-6.1 (iv)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671003_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/60-CIS-Kernel.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/60-CIS-Kernel.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: CCI-000366: The organization implements the security configuration settings
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6
- URL: NIST SP 800-53A :: CM-6.1 (iv)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points
in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating
of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. |
| Subcontrol: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Operating System Anti-Exploitation Features/ Deploy Anti-Exploit Technologies |
| Description: |
Enable anti-exploitation features such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP) or Address
Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) that are available in an operating system or deploy
appropriate toolkits that can be configured to apply protection to a broader set of
applications and executables. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications,
code, or scripts on enterprise assets. |
| Safeguard: |
10.5 |
| Label: |
Enable Anti-Exploitation Features |
| Description: |
Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible,
such as Microsoft® Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard
(WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.5.2 Ensure ptrace_scope is restricted
Description:
The ptrace()
system call provides a means by which one process (the "tracer") may observe and control
the execution of another process (the "tracee"), and examine and change the tracee's
memory and registers.
If one application is compromised, it would be possible for an attacker to attach
to other running processes (e.g. Bash, Firefox, SSH sessions, GPG agent, etc) to extract
additional credentials and continue to expand the scope of their attack.
Enabling restricted mode will limit the ability of a compromised process to PTRACE_ATTACH
on other processes running under the same user. With restricted mode, ptrace will
continue to work with root user.
Set the following parameter in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1
Example:
# printf "
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1
" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-kernel_sysctl.conf
Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:
# sysctl -w kernel.yama.ptrace_scope=1
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
- - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/60-CIS-Kernel.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_ptrace_scope_is_restricted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.339+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/Yama.txt</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/raj3shp/termspy</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671007_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/60-CIS-Kernel.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/60-CIS-Kernel.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/Yama.txt
- URL: https://github.com/raj3shp/termspy
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.5.3 Ensure core dump backtraces are disabled
Description:
A core dump is the memory of an executable program. It is generally used to determine
why a program aborted. It can also be used to glean confidential information from
a core file.
A core dump includes a memory image taken at the time the operating system terminates
an application. The memory image could contain sensitive data and is generally useful
only for developers trying to debug problems, increasing the risk to the system.
Create or edit the file
/etc/systemd/coredump.conf
, or a file in the
/etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d
directory ending in
.conf
.
Edit or add the following line in the
[Coredump]
section:
ProcessSizeMax=0
Example:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
[ ! -d /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ ] && mkdir /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/
if grep -Psq -- '^\h*\[Coredump\]' /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf;
then
printf '%s\n' "ProcessSizeMax=0" >> /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf
else
printf '%s\n' "[Coredump]" "ProcessSizeMax=0" >> /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "ProcessSizeMax" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_core_dump_backtraces_are_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.340+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/coredump.conf.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6b</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5678213_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "ProcessSizeMax" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "ProcessSizeMax" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/coredump.conf.html
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6b
Pass1.5.4 Ensure core dump storage is disabled
Description:
A core dump is the memory of an executable program. It is generally used to determine
why a program aborted. It can also be used to glean confidential information from
a core file.
A core dump includes a memory image taken at the time the operating system terminates
an application. The memory image could contain sensitive data and is generally useful
only for developers trying to debug problems.
Create or edit the file
/etc/systemd/coredump.conf
, or a file in the
/etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d
directory ending in
.conf
.
Edit or add the following line in the
[Coredump]
section:
Storage=none
Example:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
[ ! -d /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ ] && mkdir /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/
if grep -Psq -- '^\h*\[Coredump\]' /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf;
then
printf '%s\n' "Storage=none" >> /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf
else
printf '%s\n' "[Coredump]" "Storage=none" >> /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "Storage" is correctly set to "none" in "/etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_core_dump_storage_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.340+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/coredump.conf.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5678214_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "Storage" is correctly set to "none" in "/etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "Storage" is correctly set to "none" in "/etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/60-coredump.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/coredump.conf.html
1.6 Configure system wide crypto policy
The crypto policy definition files have a simple syntax following an INI file key
= value syntax
Full policy definition files have suffix
.pol
, subpolicy files have suffix
.pmod
. Subpolicies do not have to have values set for all the keys.
The effective configuration of a policy with subpolicies applied is the same as a
configuration from a single policy obtained by concatenating the policy and the subpolicies
in question.
The policy files shipped in packages are placed in
/usr/share/crypto-policies/policies
and the subpolicies in
/usr/share/crypto-policies/policies/modules
.
Locally configured policy files should be placed in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies
and subpolicies in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules
.
The policy and subpolicy files must have names in upper-case except for the
.pol
and .pmod
suffix as the update-crypto-policies command always converts the policy name to upper-case
before searching for the policy on the filesystem.
The following predefined policies are included:
- DEFAULT
- The default system-wide cryptographic policy level offers secure settings for current
threat models. It allows the TLS 1.2 and 1.3 protocols, as well as the IKEv2 and SSH2
protocols. The RSA keys and Diffie-Hellman parameters are accepted if they are at
least 2048 bits long.
- LEGACY
- This policy ensures maximum compatibility with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and earlier;
it is less secure due to an increased attack surface. In addition to the DEFAULT level
algorithms and protocols, it includes support for the TLS 1.0 and 1.1 protocols. The
algorithms DSA, 3DES, and RC4 are allowed, while RSA keys and Diffie-Hellman parameters
are accepted if they are at least 1023 bits long.
- FUTURE
- A stricter forward-looking security level intended for testing a possible future
policy. This policy does not allow the use of SHA-1 in signature algorithms. It allows
the TLS 1.2 and 1.3 protocols, as well as the IKEv2 and SSH2 protocols. The RSA keys
and Diffie-Hellman parameters are accepted if they are at least 3072 bits long. If
your system communicates on the public internet, you might face interoperability problems.
- FIPS
- A policy level that conforms with the FIPS 140 requirements. The fips-mode-setup
tool, which switches the RHEL system into FIPS mode, uses this policy internally.
Switching to the FIPS policy does not guarantee compliance with the FIPS 140 standard.
You also must re-generate all cryptographic keys after you set the system to FIPS
mode. This is not possible in many scenarios.
Pass1.6.1 Ensure system wide crypto policy is not set to legacy
Description:
When a system-wide policy is set up, the default behavior of applications will be
to follow the policy. Applications will be unable to use algorithms and
protocols that do not meet the policy, unless you explicitly request the application
to do so.
The system-wide crypto-policies followed by the crypto core components allow consistently
deprecating and disabling algorithms system-wide.
The LEGACY
policy ensures maximum compatibility with version 5 of the operating system and earlier;
it is less secure due to an increased attack surface. In addition to the
DEFAULT
level algorithms and protocols, it includes support for the
TLS 1.0
and 1.1
protocols. The algorithms
DSA
, 3DES
, and
RC4
are allowed, while
RSA keys
and Diffie-Hellman
parameters are accepted if they are at least 1023 bits long.
If the
LEGACY
system-wide crypto policy is selected, it includes support for TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and
SSH2 protocols or later. The algorithms DSA, 3DES, and RC4 are allowed, while RSA
and Diffie-Hellman parameters are accepted if larger than 1023-bits.
These legacy protocols and algorithms can make the system vulnerable to attacks, including
those listed in RFC 7457
Run the following command to change the system-wide crypto policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO POLICY>
Example:
# update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT
Run the following to make the updated system-wide crypto policy active
# update-crypto-policies
Impact:
Environments that require compatibility with older insecure protocols may require
the use
of the less secure
LEGACY
policy level.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*LEGACY\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1_Ensure_system_wide_crypto_policy_is_not_set_to_legacy"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.340+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">CRYPTO-POLICIES(7)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/articles/3642912#what-polices-are-provided-1</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">fips-mode-setup(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671021"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671021">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671021"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*LEGACY\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: CRYPTO-POLICIES(7)
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/articles/3642912#what-polices-are-provided-1
- URL: fips-mode-setup(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.6.2 Ensure system wide crypto policy is not set in sshd configuration
Description:
System-wide Crypto policy can be over-ridden or opted out of for openSSH
Over-riding or opting out of the system-wide crypto policy could allow for the use
of less secure Ciphers, MACs, KexAlgorithms and GSSAPIKexAlgorithm
Note:
If changes to the system-wide crypto policy are required to meet local site policy
for the openSSH server, these changes should be done with a
sub-policy
assigned to the system-wide crypto policy. For additional information see the CRYPTO-POLICIES(7)
man page
Run the following commands:
# sed -ri "s/^\s*(CRYPTO_POLICY\s*=.*)$/# \1/" /etc/sysconfig/sshd
# systemctl reload sshd
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/sysconfig/sshd exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*CRYPTO_POLICY\h*=.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.2_Ensure_system_wide_crypto_policy_is_not_set_in_sshd_configuration"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.340+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8, IA-5, AC-17</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671025"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671025">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671025"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sysconfig/sshd exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*CRYPTO_POLICY\h*=.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671030"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671030">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671030"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8, IA-5, AC-17
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.6.3 Ensure system wide crypto policy disables sha1 hash and signature support
Description:
SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm) is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 160
bit hash value.
The SHA-1 hash function has an inherently weak design, and advancing cryptanalysis
has made it vulnerable to attacks. The most significant danger for a hash algorithm
is when a "collision" which happens when two different pieces of data produce the
same hash value occurs. This hashing algorithm has been considered weak since 2005.
Note:
The use of SHA-1 with hashbased message authentication codes (HMAC) do not rely on
the collision resistance of the corresponding hash function, and therefore the recent
attacks on SHA-1 have a significantly lower impact on the use of SHA-1 for HMAC. Because
of this, the recommendation does not disable the hmac-sha1 MAC.
Note:
-
The commands below are written for the included
DEFAULT
system-wide crypto policy. If another policy is in use and follows local site policy,
replace
DEFAULT
with the name of your system-wide crypto policy.
-
Multiple subpolicies may be assigned to a policy as a colon separated list. e.g.
DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-SSHCBC
-
Subpolicies:
-
Not included in the
update-crypto-policies --set
command will
not
be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- must exist
before they can be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- .pmod
file filenames must be in all upper case, upper case, e.g.
NO-SHA1.pmod
, or they will
not
be read by the
update-crypto-policies --set
command.
Create or edit a file in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/
ending in
.pmod
and add or modify the following lines:
hash = -SHA1
sign = -*-SHA1
sha1_in_certs = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "# This is a subpolicy dropping the SHA1 hash and signature support"
"hash = -SHA1" "sign = -*-SHA1" "sha1_in_certs = 0" >> /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/NO-SHA1.pmod
Run the following command to update the system-wide cryptographic policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO_POLICY>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY1>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY2>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY3>
Example:
update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:NO-SHA1
Run the following command to reboot the system to make your cryptographic settings
effective for already running services and applications:
# reboot
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*hash\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+\b)?sha1?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*hash\h*=\h*\-([^#\n\r]+\b)?sha1?\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*(hash|sign)\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bSHA1?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*sign\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+\b)?sha1?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*sign\h*=\h*\-([^#\n\r]+\b)?sha1?\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.3_Ensure_system_wide_crypto_policy_disables_sha1_hash_and_signature_support"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.340+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">crypto-policies(7)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">update-crypto-policies(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/articles/3642912</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671040"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671040">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671040"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*hash\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+\b)?sha1?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671044"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671044">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671044"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*hash\h*=\h*\-([^#\n\r]+\b)?sha1?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671035"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671035">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671035"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(hash|sign)\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bSHA1?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671048"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671048">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671048"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*sign\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+\b)?sha1?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671052"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671052">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671052"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*sign\h*=\h*\-([^#\n\r]+\b)?sha1?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: crypto-policies(7)
- URL: update-crypto-policies(8)
- URL: Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening
- URL: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/articles/3642912
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.6.4 Ensure system wide crypto policy disables macs less than 128 bits
Description:
Message Authentication Code (MAC) algorithm is a family of cryptographic functions
that is parameterized by a symmetric key. Each of the functions can act on input data
(called a “message”) of variable length to produce an output value of a specified
length. The output value is called the MAC of the input message.
A MAC algorithm can be used to provide data-origin authentication and data-integrity
protection
Weak algorithms continue to have a great deal of attention as a weak spot that can
be exploited with expanded computing power. An attacker that breaks the algorithm
could take advantage of a MiTM position to decrypt the tunnel and capture credentials
and information.
A MAC algorithm must be computationally infeasible to determine the MAC of a message
without knowledge of the key, even if one has already seen the results of using that
key to compute the MAC's of other messages.
Note:
-
The commands below are written for the included
DEFAULT
system-wide crypto policy. If another policy is in use and follows local site policy,
replace
DEFAULT
with the name of your system-wide crypto policy.
-
Multiple subpolicies may be assigned to a policy as a colon separated list. e.g.
DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-SSHCBC
-
Subpolicies:
-
Not included in the
update-crypto-policies --set
command will
not
be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- must exist
before they can be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- .pmod
file filenames must be in all upper case, upper case, e.g.
NO-WEAKMAC.pmod
, or they will
not
be read by the
update-crypto-policies --set
command.
Create or edit a file in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/
ending in
.pmod
and add or modify
one
of the following lines:
mac = -*-64* # Disables weak macs
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "# This is a subpolicy to disable weak macs" "mac = -*-64" >> /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/NO-WEAKMAC.pmod
Run the following command to update the system-wide cryptographic policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO_POLICY>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY1>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY2>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY3>
Example:
update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-WEAKMAC
Run the following command to reboot the system to make your cryptographic settings
effective for already running services and applications:
# reboot
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*mac@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-64\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*mac@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-([^#\n\r]+)?-64\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*mac@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*= |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*mac\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-64\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.4_Ensure_system_wide_crypto_policy_disables_macs_less_than_128_bits"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.340+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">crypto-policies(7)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">update-crypto-policies(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/message_authentication_code_algorithm</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671061"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671061">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671061"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*mac@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-64\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671064"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671064">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671064"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*mac@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-([^#\n\r]+)?-64\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671068"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671068">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671068"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*mac@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671056"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671056">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671056"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*mac\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-64\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161
- URL: crypto-policies(7)
- URL: update-crypto-policies(8)
- URL: Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening
- URL: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82
- URL: https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/message_authentication_code_algorithm
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.6.5 Ensure system wide crypto policy disables cbc for ssh
Description:
Cypher Block Chaining (CBC) is an algorithm that uses a block cipher.
A vulnerability exists in SSH messages that employ CBC mode that may allow an attacker
to recover plaintext from a block of ciphertext. If exploited, this attack can potentially
allow an attacker to recover up to 32 bits of plaintext from an arbitrary block of
ciphertext from a connection secured using the SSH protocol.
Note:
-
The commands below are written for the included
DEFAULT
system-wide crypto policy. If another policy is in use and follows local site policy,
replace
DEFAULT
with the name of your system-wide crypto policy.
- CBC
can be turned off globally by using the argument
cipher
opposed to
cipher@SSH
-
Multiple subpolicies may be assigned to a policy as a colon separated list. e.g.
DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-SSHCBC
-
Subpolicies:
-
Not included in the
update-crypto-policies --set
command will
not
be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- must exist
before they can be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- .pmod
file filenames must be in all upper case, upper case, e.g.
NO-SSHCBC.pmod
, or they will
not
be read by the
update-crypto-policies --set
command.
Create or edit a file in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/
ending in
.pmod
and add or modify
one
of the the following lines:
cipher@SSH = -*-CBC # Disables the CBC cipher for SSH
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "# This is a subpolicy to disable all CBC mode ciphers" "# for the
SSH protocol (libssh and OpenSSH)" "cipher@SSH = -*-CBC" >> /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/NO-SSHCBC.pmod
Run the following command to update the system-wide cryptographic policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO_POLICY>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY1>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY2>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY3>
Example:
update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-WEAKMAC:NO-SSHCBC
Run the following command to reboot the system to make your cryptographic settings
effective for already running services and applications:
# reboot
Impact:
CBC ciphers might be the only common cyphers when connecting to older SSH clients
and servers
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h* |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
CURRENT.pol |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h* |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
cipher@libssh = |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
cipher@libssh = |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
lib |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-CBC\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*cipher\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-CBC\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
CURRENT.pol |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*cipher\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-CBC\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
cipher = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 AES-256-CTR AES-256-CBC AES-128-GCM
AES-128-CCM AES-128-CTR AES-128-CBC |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
cipher = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 AES-256-CTR AES-256-CBC AES-128-GCM
AES-128-CCM AES-128-CTR AES-128-CBC |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 AES-256-CTR AES-256-CBC AES-128-GCM AES-128-CCM
AES-128-CTR AES-128 |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.5_Ensure_system_wide_crypto_policy_disables_cbc_for_ssh"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">crypto-policies(7)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">update-crypto-policies(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671077"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671077">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671077"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher@libssh = </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher@libssh = </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>lib</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671080"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671080">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671080"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-CBC\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671073"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671073">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671073"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*cipher\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-CBC\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*cipher\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?-CBC\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 AES-256-CTR AES-256-CBC AES-128-GCM AES-128-CCM AES-128-CTR AES-128-CBC</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 AES-256-CTR AES-256-CBC AES-128-GCM AES-128-CCM AES-128-CTR AES-128-CBC</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 AES-256-CTR AES-256-CBC AES-128-GCM AES-128-CCM AES-128-CTR AES-128</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161
- URL: crypto-policies(7)
- URL: update-crypto-policies(8)
- URL: Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening
- URL: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual1.6.6 Ensure system wide crypto policy disables chacha20-poly1305 for ssh
Description:
ChaCha20-Poly1305 is an authenticated encryption with additional data (AEAD) algorithm,
that combines the ChaCha20 stream cipher with the Poly1305 message authentication
code. Its usage in IETF protocols is standardized in RFC 8439.
A vulnerability exists in ChaCha20-Poly1305 as referenced in
CVE-2023-48795
Note:
-
The commands below are written for the included
DEFAULT
system-wide crypto policy. If another policy is in use and follows local site policy,
replace
DEFAULT
with the name of your system-wide crypto policy.
- chacha20-poly1305
can be turned off globally by using the argument
cipher
opposed to
cipher@SSH
-
Multiple subpolicies may be assigned to a policy as a colon separated list. e.g.
DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-SSHCBC
-
Subpolicies:
-
Not included in the
update-crypto-policies --set
command will
not
be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- must exist
before they can be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- .pmod
file filenames must be in all upper case, upper case, e.g.
NO-SSHCHACHA20.pmod
, or they will
not
be read by the
update-crypto-policies --set
command.
- IF -CVE-2023-48795
has been addressed, and it meets local site policy, this recommendation may be skipped.
Create or edit a file in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/
ending in
.pmod
and add or modify
one
of the the following lines:
cipher@SSH = -CHACHA20-POLY1305 # Disables the chacha20-poly1305 cipher for SSH
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "# This is a subpolicy to disable the chacha20-poly1305 ciphers" "#
for the SSH protocol (libssh and OpenSSH)" "cipher@SSH = -CHACHA20-POLY1305" >> /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/NO-SSHCHACHA20.pmod
Run the following command to update the system-wide cryptographic policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO_POLICY>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY1>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY2>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY3>
Example:
# update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-WEAKMAC:NO-SSHCBC:NO-SSHCHACHA20
Run the following command to reboot the system to make your cryptographic settings
effective for already running services and applications:
# reboot
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h* |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
CURRENT.pol |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h* |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
cipher@libssh = |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
cipher@libssh = |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
lib |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bchacha20-poly1305\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
CURRENT.pol |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bchacha20-poly1305\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
cipher@libssh = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
cipher@libssh = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
lib |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*cipher\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bchacha20-poly1305\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/crypto-policies/state |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
CURRENT.pol |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*cipher\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bchacha20-poly1305\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
cipher = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
cipher = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305 |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.6_Ensure_system_wide_crypto_policy_disables_chacha20-poly1305_for_ssh"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">crypto-policies(7)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">update-crypto-policies(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671090"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671090">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671090"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher@libssh = </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher@libssh = </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>lib</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671093"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671093">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671093"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bchacha20-poly1305\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*cipher@(lib|open)ssh(-server|-client)?\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bchacha20-poly1305\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher@libssh = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher@libssh = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>lib</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671086"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671086">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671086"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*cipher\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bchacha20-poly1305\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/crypto-policies/state</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>CURRENT.pol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*cipher\h*=\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\bchacha20-poly1305\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cipher = AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM CHACHA20-POLY1305</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>AES-256-GCM AES-256-CCM </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795
- URL: crypto-policies(7)
- URL: update-crypto-policies(8)
- URL: Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening
- URL: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual1.6.7 Ensure system wide crypto policy disables EtM for ssh
Description:
Encrypt-then-MAC (EtM) - The ciphertext is generated by encrypting the plaintext and
then appending a MAC of the encrypted plaintext
There is an effective attack against SSH's use of Cypher-Block-Chaining (CBC) with
Encrypt-then-MAC as referenced in
CVE-2023-48795
Note:
-
The commands below are written for the included
DEFAULT
system-wide crypto policy. If another policy is in use and follows local site policy,
replace
DEFAULT
with the name of your system-wide crypto policy.
- EtM
can be turned off globally by using the argument
etm
opposed to
etm@SSH
-
Multiple subpolicies may be assigned to a policy as a colon separated list. e.g.
DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-SSHCBC
-
Subpolicies:
-
Not included in the
update-crypto-policies --set
command will
not
be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- must exist
before they can be applied to the system wide crypto policy.
- .pmod
file filenames must be in all upper case, upper case, e.g.
NO-SSHCHACHA20.pmod
, or they will
not
be read by the
update-crypto-policies --set
command.
- IF -CVE-2023-48795
has been addressed, and it meets local site policy, this recommendation may be skipped.
Create or edit a file in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/
ending in
.pmod
and add or modify the following line:
etm@SSH = DISABLE_ETM # This disables EtM for openSSH and libssh
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "# This is a subpolicy to disable Encrypt then MAC" "# for the SSH
protocol (libssh and OpenSSH)" "etm@SSH = DISABLE_ETM" >> /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/NO-SSHETM.pmod
Run the following command to update the system-wide cryptographic policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO_POLICY>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY1>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY2>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY3>
Example:
# update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-WEAKMAC:NO-SSHCBC:NO-SSHCHACHA20:NO-SSHETM
Run the following command to reboot the system to make your cryptographic settings
effective for already running services and applications:
# reboot
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*etm\@openssh-client\h*=\h*DISABLE_ETM\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*etm\@openssh-server\h*=\h*DISABLE_ETM\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*etm\@libssh\h*=\h*DISABLE_ETM\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*etm\h*=\h*DISABLE_ETM\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.7_Ensure_system_wide_crypto_policy_disables_EtM_for_ssh"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">crypto-policies(7)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">update-crypto-policies(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0499</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5734043"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5734043">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5734043"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*etm\@openssh-client\h*=\h*DISABLE_ETM\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5734044"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5734044">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5734044"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*etm\@openssh-server\h*=\h*DISABLE_ETM\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5734045"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5734045">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5734045"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*etm\@libssh\h*=\h*DISABLE_ETM\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5734042"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5734042">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5734042"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crypto-policies/state/CURRENT.pol exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*etm\h*=\h*DISABLE_ETM\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795
- URL: crypto-policies(7)
- URL: update-crypto-policies(8)
- URL: Red Hat Enterprise 8 security hardening
- URL: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/how-customize-crypto-policies-rhel-82
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0499
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.7 Configure Command Line Warning Banners
Presenting a warning message prior to the normal user login may assist in the prosecution
of trespassers on the computer system. Changing some of these login banners also has
the side effect of hiding OS version information and other detailed system information
from attackers attempting to target specific exploits at a system.
Guidelines published by the US Department of Defense require that warning messages
include at least the name of the organization that owns the system, the fact that
the system is subject to monitoring and that such monitoring is in compliance with
local statutes, and that use of the system implies consent to such monitoring. It
is important that the organization's legal counsel review the content of all messages
before any system modifications are made, as these warning messages are inherently
site-specific. More information (including citations of relevant case law) can be
found at http://www.justice.gov/criminal/cybercrime/
The /etc/motd
, /etc/issue
, and /etc/issue.net
files govern warning banners for standard command line logins for both local and remote
users.
Note:
The text provided in the remediation actions for these items is intended as an example
only. Please edit to include the specific text for your organization as approved by
your legal department.
Pass1.7.1 Ensure message of the day is configured properly
Description:
The contents of the
/etc/motd
file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated
users.
Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch
level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers
who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If
mingetty(8)
supports the following options, they display operating system information:
\m
- machine architecture
\r
- operating system release
\s
- operating system name
\v
- operating system version
Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal
status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns
the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch
level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed
system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system.
Authorized users can easily get this information by running the "
uname -a
" command once they have logged in.
Edit the file found in
/etc/motd.d/*
with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances
of
\m
,
\r
,
\s
,
\v
or references to the
OS platform
- OR -
- IF -
the
motd
is not used, this file can be removed.
Run the following command to remove the
motd
file:
# rm /etc/motd
Run the following script and review and/or update all returned files' contents to:
-
Remove all system information (
\v
,
\r
;
\m
,
\s
)
- Remove any refence to the operating system
- Ensure contents follow local site policy
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
a_files=()
for l_file in /etc/motd{,.d/*}; do
if grep -Psqi -- "(\\\v|\\\r|\\\m|\\\s|\b$(grep ^ID= /etc/os-release | cut -d= -f2
| sed -e 's/"//g')\b)" "$l_file"; then
echo -e "\n - File: \"$l_file\" includes system information. Edit this file to remove
these entries"
else
a_files+=("$l_file")
fi
done
if [ "${#a_files[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then
echo -e "\n- ** Please review the following files and verify their contents follow
local site policy **\n"
printf '%s\n' "${a_files[@]}"
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_motd_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - ** Please review the following files and verify their contents follow local site
policy **
- /etc/motd
- /etc/motd.d/insights-client
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - No MOTD files include system information
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-1, CM-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_motd_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_motd_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_motd_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- ** Please review the following files and verify their contents follow local site policy **</l>
<l/>
<l>/etc/motd</l>
<l>/etc/motd.d/insights-client</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - No MOTD files include system information</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_motd_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- ** Please review the following files and verify their contents follow local site policy **</li>
<li/>
<li>/etc/motd</li>
<li>/etc/motd.d/insights-client</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - No MOTD files include system information</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-1, CM-3
Pass1.7.2 Ensure local login warning banner is configured properly
Description:
The contents of the
/etc/issue
file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals.
Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch
level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers
who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If
mingetty(8)
supports the following options, they display operating system information:
\m
- machine architecture
\r
- operating system release
\s
- operating system name
\v
- operating system version - or the operating system's name
Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal
status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns
the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch
level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed
system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system.
Authorized users can easily get this information by running the "
uname -a
" command once they have logged in.
Edit the
/etc/issue
file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances
of
\m
,
\r
,
\s
,
\v
or references to the
OS platform
Example:
# echo "Authorized users only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/wbissue.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- Warning Banner "/etc/issue" passed
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/issue exists and matches pattern ^.+$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/issue |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
issue |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^.+$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
WARNING: You have accessed a system managed by VMO2 Limited. |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
WARNING: You have accessed a system managed by VMO2 Limited. |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-1, CM-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbissue.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/wbissue.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/wbissue.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Warning Banner "/etc/issue" passed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/wbissue.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Warning Banner "/etc/issue" passed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671123"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671123">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671123"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/issue exists and matches pattern ^.+$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/issue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>issue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^.+$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>WARNING: You have accessed a system managed by VMO2 Limited.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>WARNING: You have accessed a system managed by VMO2 Limited.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-1, CM-3
Pass1.7.3 Ensure remote login warning banner is configured properly
Description:
The contents of the
/etc/issue.net
file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured
services.
Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch
level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers
who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If
mingetty(8)
supports the following options, they display operating system information:
\m
- machine architecture
\r
- operating system release
\s
- operating system name
\v
- operating system version
Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal
status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns
the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch
level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed
system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system.
Authorized users can easily get this information by running the "
uname -a
" command once they have logged in.
Edit the
/etc/issue.net
file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances
of
\m
,
\r
,
\s
,
\v
or references to the
OS platform
Example:
# echo "Authorized users only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue.net
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/wbissue.net.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- Warning Banner "/etc/issue.net" passed
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/issue.net exists and matches pattern ^.+$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/issue.net |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
issue.net |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^.+$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
WARNING: You have accessed a system managed by VMO2 Limited. |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
WARNING: You have accessed a system managed by VMO2 Limited. |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-1, CM-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbissue.net.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/wbissue.net.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/wbissue.net.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>Warning Banner "/etc/issue.net" passed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/wbissue.net.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Warning Banner "/etc/issue.net" passed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671133"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671133">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671133"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/issue.net exists and matches pattern ^.+$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/issue.net</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>issue.net</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^.+$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>WARNING: You have accessed a system managed by VMO2 Limited.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>WARNING: You have accessed a system managed by VMO2 Limited.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-1, CM-3
Pass1.7.4 Ensure access to /etc/motd is configured
Description:
The contents of the
/etc/motd
file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated
users.
- IF -
the /etc/motd
file does not have the correct access configured, it could be modified by unauthorized
users with incorrect or misleading information.
Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on
/etc/motd
:
# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/motd)
# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/motd)
- OR -
Run the following command to remove the
/etc/motd
file:
# rm /etc/motd
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/motd" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/motd/" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/motd/" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_access_to_etcmotd_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671138_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/motd" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/motd" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671141_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/motd/" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/motd/" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671145_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/motd/" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/motd/" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.7.5 Ensure access to /etc/issue is configured
Description:
The contents of the
/etc/issue
file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals.
- IF -
the /etc/issue
file does not have the correct access configured, it could be modified by unauthorized
users with incorrect or misleading information.
Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on
/etc/issue
:
# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue)
# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue)
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/issue" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/issue/" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/issue/" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_access_to_etcissue_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671151_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/issue" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/issue" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671154_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/issue/" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/issue/" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671157_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/issue/" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/issue/" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.7.6 Ensure access to /etc/issue.net is configured
Description:
The contents of the
/etc/issue.net
file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured
services.
- IF -
the /etc/issue.net
file does not have the correct access configured, it could be modified by unauthorized
users with incorrect or misleading information.
Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on
/etc/issue.net
:
# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)
# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/issue.net" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/issue.net/" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/issue.net/" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_access_to_etcissue.net_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671162_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/issue.net" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/issue.net" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671167_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/issue.net/" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/issue.net/" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671169_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/issue.net/" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/issue.net/" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
1.8 Configure GNOME Display Manager
The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a program that manages graphical display servers
and handles graphical user logins.
Note:
If GDM is not installed on the system, this section can be skipped
Pass1.8.1 Ensure GNOME Display Manager is removed
Description:
The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a program that manages graphical display servers
and handles graphical user logins.
If a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is not required, it should be removed to reduce
the attack surface of the system.
Run the following command to remove the
gdm
package
# dnf remove gdm
Impact:
Removing the GNOME Display manager will remove the Graphical User Interface (GUI)
from the system.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.1_Ensure_GNOME_Display_Manager_is_removed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GDM</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671175"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671175">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671175"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GDM
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.8.2 Ensure GDM login banner is configured
Description:
GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems.
Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal
status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns
the system and any monitoring policies that are in place.
Run the following script to verify that the banner message is enabled and set:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pkgoutput=""
if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="dpkg-query -W"
elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="rpm -q"
fi
l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space separated list of packages to check
for l_pn in $l_pcl; do
$l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="$l_pkgoutput\n - Package: \"$l_pn\"
exists on the system\n - checking configuration"
done
if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then
l_gdmprofile="gdm" # Set this to desired profile name IaW Local site policy
l_bmessage="'Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported'" #
Set to desired banner message
if [ ! -f "/etc/dconf/profile/$l_gdmprofile" ]; then
echo "Creating profile \"$l_gdmprofile\""
echo -e "user-db:user\nsystem-db:$l_gdmprofile\nfile-db:/usr/share/$l_gdmprofile/greeter-dconf-defaults"
> /etc/dconf/profile/$l_gdmprofile
fi
if [ ! -d "/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/" ]; then
echo "Creating dconf database directory \"/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/\""
mkdir /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/
fi
if ! grep -Piq '^\h*banner-message-enable\h*=\h*true\b' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*;
then
echo "creating gdm keyfile for machine-wide settings"
if ! grep -Piq -- '^\h*banner-message-enable\h*=\h*' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*;
then
l_kfile="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/01-banner-message"
echo -e "\n[org/gnome/login-screen]\nbanner-message-enable=true" >> "$l_kfile"
else
l_kfile="$(grep -Pil -- '^\h*banner-message-enable\h*=\h*' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*)"
! grep -Pq '^\h*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]' "$l_kfile" && sed -ri '/^\s*banner-message-enable/
i\[org/gnome/login-screen]' "$l_kfile"
! grep -Pq '^\h*banner-message-enable\h*=\h*true\b' "$l_kfile" && sed -ri 's/^\s*(banner-message-enable\s*=\s*)(\S+)(\s*.*$)/\1true
\3//' "$l_kfile"
# sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]/ a\\nbanner-message-enable=true'
"$l_kfile"
fi
fi
if ! grep -Piq "^\h*banner-message-text=[\'\"]+\S+" "$l_kfile"; then
sed -ri "/^\s*banner-message-enable/ a\banner-message-text=$l_bmessage" "$l_kfile"
fi
dconf update
else
echo -e "\n\n - GNOME Desktop Manager isn't installed\n - Recommendation is Not Applicable\n
- No remediation required\n"
fi
}
Note:
Run the following command to remove the gdm package:
# dnf remove gdm
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - The "banner-message-enable" option isn't configured
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/login-banner.html.en</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - The "banner-message-enable" option isn't configured</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - The "banner-message-enable" option isn't configured</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671183"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671183">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671183"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/login-banner.html.en
Pass1.8.3 Ensure GDM disable-user-list option is enabled
Description:
GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems.
The disable-user-list
option controls if a list of users is displayed on the login screen
Displaying the user list eliminates half of the Userid/Password equation that an unauthorized
person would need to log on.
Run the following script to enable the
disable-user-list
option:
Note:
the
l_gdm_profile
variable in the script can be changed if a different profile name is desired in accordance
with local site policy.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_gdmprofile="gdm"
if [ ! -f "/etc/dconf/profile/$l_gdmprofile" ]; then
echo "Creating profile \"$l_gdmprofile\""
echo -e "user-db:user\nsystem-db:$l_gdmprofile\nfile-db:/usr/share/$l_gdmprofile/greeter-dconf-defaults"
> /etc/dconf/profile/$l_gdmprofile
fi
if [ ! -d "/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/" ]; then
echo "Creating dconf database directory \"/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/\""
mkdir /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/
fi
if ! grep -Piq '^\h*disable-user-list\h*=\h*true\b' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*;
then
echo "creating gdm keyfile for machine-wide settings"
if ! grep -Piq -- '^\h*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*;
then
echo -e "\n[org/gnome/login-screen]\n# Do not show the user list\ndisable-user-list=true"
>> /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/00-login-screen
else
sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]/ a\# Do not show the user list\ndisable-user-list=true'
$(grep -Pil -- '^\h*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*)
fi
fi
dconf update
}
Note:
When the user profile is created or changed, the user will need to log out and log
in again before the changes will be applied.
- OR -
Run the following command to remove the GNOME package:
# dnf remove gdm
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** FAIL: ***
- - The "disable-user-list" option is not enabled
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_GDM_disable-user-list_option_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/login-userlist-disable.html.en</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** FAIL: ***</l>
<l/>
<l> - The "disable-user-list" option is not enabled</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** FAIL: ***</li>
<li/>
<li> - The "disable-user-list" option is not enabled</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671190"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671190">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671190"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/login-userlist-disable.html.en
Pass1.8.4 Ensure GDM screen locks when the user is idle
Description:
GNOME Desktop Manager can make the screen lock automatically whenever the user is
idle for some amount of time.
- idle-delay=uint32 {n}
- Number of seconds of inactivity before the screen goes blank
- lock-delay=uint32 {n}
- Number of seconds after the screen is blank before locking the screen
Example key file:
# Specify the dconf path
[org/gnome/desktop/session]
# Number of seconds of inactivity before the screen goes blank
# Set to 0 seconds if you want to deactivate the screensaver.
idle-delay=uint32 900
# Specify the dconf path
[org/gnome/desktop/screensaver]
# Number of seconds after the screen is blank before locking the screen
lock-delay=uint32 5
Setting a lock-out value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized user access
to another user's session that has been left unattended.
Create or edit a file in the
/etc/dconf/profile/
and verify it includes the following:
user-db:user
system-db:{NAME_OF_DCONF_DATABASE}
Note:local
is the name of a dconf database used in the examples.
Example:
# echo -e '\nuser-db:user\nsystem-db:local' >> /etc/dconf/profile/user
Create the directory
/etc/dconf/db/{NAME_OF_DCONF_DATABASE}.d/
if it doesn't already exist:
Example:
# mkdir /etc/dconf/db/local.d
Create the key file
/etc/dconf/db/{NAME_OF_DCONF_DATABASE}.d/{FILE_NAME}
to provide information for the
{NAME_OF_DCONF_DATABASE}
database:
Example script:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_key_file="/etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-screensaver"
l_idmv="900" # Set max value for idle-delay in seconds (between 1 and 900)
l_ldmv="5" # Set max value for lock-delay in seconds (between 0 and 5)
{
echo '# Specify the dconf path'
echo '[org/gnome/desktop/session]'
echo ''
echo '# Number of seconds of inactivity before the screen goes blank'
echo '# Set to 0 seconds if you want to deactivate the screensaver.'
echo "idle-delay=uint32 $l_idmv"
echo ''
echo '# Specify the dconf path'
echo '[org/gnome/desktop/screensaver]'
echo ''
echo '# Number of seconds after the screen is blank before locking the screen'
echo "lock-delay=uint32 $l_ldmv"
} > "$l_key_file"
}
Note:
You must include the uint32 along with the integer key values as shown.
Run the following command to update the system databases:
# dconf update
Note:
Users must log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - The "idle-delay" option doesn't exist, remaining tests skipped
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_when_the_user_is_idle"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-lockscreen.html.en</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671196_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - The "idle-delay" option doesn't exist, remaining tests skipped</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - The "idle-delay" option doesn't exist, remaining tests skipped</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671200"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671200">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671200"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-lockscreen.html.en
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.11 |
| Label: |
Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity |
| Description: |
Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Automatic Session Locking on Enterprise Assets |
| Description: |
Configure automatic session locking on enterprise assets after a defined period of
inactivity. For general purpose operating systems, the period must not exceed 15 minutes.
For mobile end-user devices, the period must not exceed 2 minutes. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.8.5 Ensure GDM screen locks cannot be overridden
Description:
GNOME Desktop Manager can make the screen lock automatically whenever the user is
idle for some amount of time.
By using the lockdown mode in dconf, you can prevent users from changing specific
settings.
To lock down a dconf key or subpath, create a locks subdirectory in the keyfile directory.
The files inside this directory contain a list of keys or subpaths to lock. Just as
with the keyfiles, you may add any number of files to this directory.
Example Lock File:
# Lock desktop screensaver settings
/org/gnome/desktop/session/idle-delay
/org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-delay
Setting a lock-out value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized user access
to another user's session that has been left unattended.
Without locking down the system settings, user settings take precedence over the system
settings.
Run the following script to ensure screen locks cannot be overridden:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
# Check if GNMOE Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation
is Not Applicable\n
# determine system's package manager
l_pkgoutput=""
if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="dpkg-query -W"
elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="rpm -q"
fi
# Check if GDM is installed
l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space separated list of packages to check
for l_pn in $l_pcl; do
$l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="y" && echo -e "\n - Package: \"$l_pn\"
exists on the system\n - remediating configuration if needed"
done
# Check configuration (If applicable)
if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then
# Look for idle-delay to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests
l_kfd="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*idle-delay\h*=\h*uint32\h+\d+\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/
| awk -F'/' '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to
be locked
# Look for lock-delay to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests
l_kfd2="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*lock-delay\h*=\h*uint32\h+\d+\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/
| awk -F'/' '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to
be locked
if [ -d "$l_kfd" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be locked
if grep -Prilq '^\h*\/org\/gnome\/desktop\/session\/idle-delay\b' "$l_kfd"; then
echo " - \"idle-delay\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org\/gnome\/desktop\/session\/idle-delay\b'
"$l_kfd")\""
else
echo "creating entry to lock \"idle-delay\""
[ ! -d "$l_kfd"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd"/locks
{
echo -e '\n# Lock desktop screensaver idle-delay setting'
echo '/org/gnome/desktop/session/idle-delay'
} >> "$l_kfd"/locks/00-screensaver
fi
else
echo -e " - \"idle-delay\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow Recommendation
\"Ensure GDM screen locks when the user is idle\" and follow this Recommendation again"
fi
if [ -d "$l_kfd2" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be
locked
if grep -Prilq '^\h*\/org\/gnome\/desktop\/screensaver\/lock-delay\b' "$l_kfd2"; then
echo " - \"lock-delay\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org\/gnome\/desktop\/screensaver\/lock-delay\b'
"$l_kfd2")\""
else
echo "creating entry to lock \"lock-delay\""
[ ! -d "$l_kfd2"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd2/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd2"/locks
{
echo -e '\n# Lock desktop screensaver lock-delay setting'
echo '/org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-delay'
} >> "$l_kfd2"/locks/00-screensaver
fi
else
echo -e " - \"lock-delay\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow Recommendation
\"Ensure GDM screen locks when the user is idle\" and follow this Recommendation again"
fi
else
echo -e " - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation
is not applicable"
fi
}
Run the following command to update the system databases:
# dconf update
Note:
Users must log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "idle-delay" is not set so it can not be locked
- - "lock-delay" is not set so it can not be locked
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.5_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_cannot_be_overridden"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.341+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-lockscreen.html.en</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-lockdown.html.en</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "idle-delay" is not set so it can not be locked</l>
<l> - "lock-delay" is not set so it can not be locked</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "idle-delay" is not set so it can not be locked</li>
<li> - "lock-delay" is not set so it can not be locked</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671208"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671208">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671208"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-lockscreen.html.en
- URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-lockdown.html.en
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.11 |
| Label: |
Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity |
| Description: |
Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Automatic Session Locking on Enterprise Assets |
| Description: |
Configure automatic session locking on enterprise assets after a defined period of
inactivity. For general purpose operating systems, the period must not exceed 15 minutes.
For mobile end-user devices, the period must not exceed 2 minutes. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.8.6 Ensure GDM automatic mounting of removable media is disabled
Description:
By default GNOME automatically mounts removable media when inserted as a convenience
to the user.
With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or
disc and have its contents available in system even if they lacked permissions to
mount it themselves.
Run the following script to disable automatic mounting of media for all GNOME users:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pkgoutput=""
l_gpname="local" # Set to desired dconf profile name (default is local)
# Check if GNOME Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation
is Not Applicable\n
# determine system's package manager
if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="dpkg-query -W"
elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="rpm -q"
fi
# Check if GDM is installed
l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space separated list of packages to check
for l_pn in $l_pcl; do
$l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="$l_pkgoutput\n - Package: \"$l_pn\"
exists on the system\n - checking configuration"
done
# Check configuration (If applicable)
if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then
echo -e "$l_pkgoutput"
# Look for existing settings and set variables if they exist
l_kfile="$(grep -Prils -- '^\h*automount\b' /etc/dconf/db/*.d)"
l_kfile2="$(grep -Prils -- '^\h*automount-open\b' /etc/dconf/db/*.d)"
# Set profile name based on dconf db directory ({PROFILE_NAME}.d)
if [ -f "$l_kfile" ]; then
l_gpname="$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile")"
echo " - updating dconf profile name to \"$l_gpname\""
elif [ -f "$l_kfile2" ]; then
l_gpname="$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile2")"
echo " - updating dconf profile name to \"$l_gpname\""
fi
# check for consistency (Clean up configuration if needed)
if [ -f "$l_kfile" ] && [ "$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile")"
!= "$l_gpname" ]; then
sed -ri "/^\s*automount\s*=/s/^/# /" "$l_kfile"
l_kfile="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d/00-media-automount"
fi
if [ -f "$l_kfile2" ] && [ "$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile2")"
!= "$l_gpname" ]; then
sed -ri "/^\s*automount-open\s*=/s/^/# /" "$l_kfile2"
fi
[ -z "$l_kfile" ] && l_kfile="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d/00-media-automount"
# Check if profile file exists
if grep -Pq -- "^\h*system-db:$l_gpname\b" /etc/dconf/profile/*; then
echo -e "\n - dconf database profile exists in: \"$(grep -Pl -- "^\h*system-db:$l_gpname\b"
/etc/dconf/profile/*)\""
else
if [ ! -f "/etc/dconf/profile/user" ]; then
l_gpfile="/etc/dconf/profile/user"
else
l_gpfile="/etc/dconf/profile/user2"
fi
echo -e " - creating dconf database profile"
{
echo -e "\nuser-db:user"
echo "system-db:$l_gpname"
} >> "$l_gpfile"
fi
# create dconf directory if it doesn't exists
l_gpdir="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d"
if [ -d "$l_gpdir" ]; then
echo " - The dconf database directory \"$l_gpdir\" exists"
else
echo " - creating dconf database directory \"$l_gpdir\""
mkdir "$l_gpdir"
fi
# check automount-open setting
if grep -Pqs -- '^\h*automount-open\h*=\h*false\b' "$l_kfile"; then
echo " - \"automount-open\" is set to false in: \"$l_kfile\""
else
echo " - creating \"automount-open\" entry in \"$l_kfile\""
! grep -Psq -- '\^\h*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]\b' "$l_kfile" && echo
'[org/gnome/desktop/media-handling]' >> "$l_kfile"
sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]/a \\nautomount-open=false' "$l_kfile"
fi
# check automount setting
if grep -Pqs -- '^\h*automount\h*=\h*false\b' "$l_kfile"; then
echo " - \"automount\" is set to false in: \"$l_kfile\""
else
echo " - creating \"automount\" entry in \"$l_kfile\""
! grep -Psq -- '\^\h*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]\b' "$l_kfile" && echo
'[org/gnome/desktop/media-handling]' >> "$l_kfile"
sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]/a \\nautomount=false' "$l_kfile"
fi
# update dconf database
dconf update
else
echo -e "\n - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation
is not applicable"
fi
}
- OR -
Run the following command to uninstall the GNOME desktop Manager package:
# dnf remove gdm
Impact:
The use of portable hard drives is very common for workstation users. If your organization
allows the use of portable storage or media on workstations and physical access controls
to workstations is considered adequate there is little value add in turning off automounting.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.6_Ensure_GDM_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.343+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/solutions/20107</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671217"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671217">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671217"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/20107
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points
in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating
of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. |
| Subcontrol: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content |
| Description: |
Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications,
code, or scripts on enterprise assets. |
| Safeguard: |
10.3 |
| Label: |
Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media |
| Description: |
Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.8.7 Ensure GDM disabling automatic mounting of removable media is not overridden
Description:
By default GNOME automatically mounts removable media when inserted as a convenience
to the user
By using the lockdown mode in dconf, you can prevent users from changing specific
settings.
To lock down a dconf key or subpath, create a locks subdirectory in the keyfile directory.
The files inside this directory contain a list of keys or subpaths to lock. Just as
with the keyfiles, you may add any number of files to this directory.
Example Lock File:
# Lock automount settings
/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/automount
/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/automount-open
With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or
disc and have its contents available in system even if they lacked permissions to
mount it themselves.
Run the following script to lock disable automatic mounting of media for all GNOME
users:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
# Check if GNMOE Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation
is Not Applicable\n
# determine system's package manager
l_pkgoutput=""
if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="dpkg-query -W"
elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="rpm -q"
fi
# Check if GDM is installed
l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space separated list of packages to check
for l_pn in $l_pcl; do
$l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="y" && echo -e "\n - Package: \"$l_pn\"
exists on the system\n - remediating configuration if needed"
done
# Check configuration (If applicable)
if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then
# Look for automount to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests
l_kfd="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*automount\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/ | awk -F'/'
'{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to be locked
# Look for automount-open to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests
l_kfd2="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*automount-open\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/ | awk
-F'/' '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to be locked
if [ -d "$l_kfd" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be locked
if grep -Priq '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/automount\b' "$l_kfd"; then
echo " - \"automount\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/automount\b'
"$l_kfd")\""
else
echo " - creating entry to lock \"automount\""
[ ! -d "$l_kfd"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd"/locks
{
echo -e '\n# Lock desktop media-handling automount setting'
echo '/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/automount'
} >> "$l_kfd"/locks/00-media-automount
fi
else
echo -e " - \"automount\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow Recommendation
\"Ensure GDM automatic mounting of removable media is disabled\" and follow this Recommendation
again"
fi
if [ -d "$l_kfd2" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be
locked
if grep -Priq '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/automount-open\b' "$l_kfd2";
then
echo " - \"automount-open\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/automount-open\b'
"$l_kfd2")\""
else
echo " - creating entry to lock \"automount-open\""
[ ! -d "$l_kfd2"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd2/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd2"/locks
{
echo -e '\n# Lock desktop media-handling automount-open setting'
echo '/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/automount-open'
} >> "$l_kfd2"/locks/00-media-automount
fi
else
echo -e " - \"automount-open\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow
Recommendation \"Ensure GDM automatic mounting of removable media is disabled\" and
follow this Recommendation again"
fi
# update dconf database
dconf update
else
echo -e " - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation
is not applicable"
fi
}
Impact:
The use of portable hard drives is very common for workstation users
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.7_Ensure_GDM_disabling_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_not_overridden"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.343+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-lockdown.html.en</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671226"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671226">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671226"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-lockdown.html.en
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points
in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating
of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. |
| Subcontrol: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content |
| Description: |
Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications,
code, or scripts on enterprise assets. |
| Safeguard: |
10.3 |
| Label: |
Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media |
| Description: |
Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.8.8 Ensure GDM autorun-never is enabled
Description:
The autorun-never
setting allows the GNOME Desktop Display Manager to disable autorun through GDM.
Malware on removable media may take advantage of Autorun features when the media is
inserted into a system and execute.
Run the following script to set
autorun-never
to
true
for GDM users:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pkgoutput="" l_output="" l_output2=""
l_gpname="local" # Set to desired dconf profile name (default is local)
# Check if GNOME Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation
is Not Applicable\n
# determine system's package manager
if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="dpkg-query -W"
elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="rpm -q"
fi
# Check if GDM is installed
l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space separated list of packages to check
for l_pn in $l_pcl; do
$l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="$l_pkgoutput\n - Package: \"$l_pn\"
exists on the system\n - checking configuration"
done
echo -e "$l_pkgoutput"
# Check configuration (If applicable)
if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then
echo -e "$l_pkgoutput"
# Look for existing settings and set variables if they exist
l_kfile="$(grep -Prils -- '^\h*autorun-never\b' /etc/dconf/db/*.d)"
# Set profile name based on dconf db directory ({PROFILE_NAME}.d)
if [ -f "$l_kfile" ]; then
l_gpname="$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile")"
echo " - updating dconf profile name to \"$l_gpname\""
fi
[ ! -f "$l_kfile" ] && l_kfile="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d/00-media-autorun"
# Check if profile file exists
if grep -Pq -- "^\h*system-db:$l_gpname\b" /etc/dconf/profile/*; then
echo -e "\n - dconf database profile exists in: \"$(grep -Pl -- "^\h*system-db:$l_gpname\b"
/etc/dconf/profile/*)\""
else
[ ! -f "/etc/dconf/profile/user" ] && l_gpfile="/etc/dconf/profile/user" || l_gpfile="/etc/dconf/profile/user2"
echo -e " - creating dconf database profile"
{
echo -e "\nuser-db:user"
echo "system-db:$l_gpname"
} >> "$l_gpfile"
fi
# create dconf directory if it doesn't exists
l_gpdir="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d"
if [ -d "$l_gpdir" ]; then
echo " - The dconf database directory \"$l_gpdir\" exists"
else
echo " - creating dconf database directory \"$l_gpdir\""
mkdir "$l_gpdir"
fi
# check autorun-never setting
if grep -Pqs -- '^\h*autorun-never\h*=\h*true\b' "$l_kfile"; then
echo " - \"autorun-never\" is set to true in: \"$l_kfile\""
else
echo " - creating or updating \"autorun-never\" entry in \"$l_kfile\""
if grep -Psq -- '^\h*autorun-never' "$l_kfile"; then
sed -ri 's/(^\s*autorun-never\s*=\s*)(\S+)(\s*.*)$/\1true \3/' "$l_kfile"
else
! grep -Psq -- '\^\h*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]\b' "$l_kfile" && echo
'[org/gnome/desktop/media-handling]' >> "$l_kfile"
sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]/a \\nautorun-never=true' "$l_kfile"
fi
fi
else
echo -e "\n - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation
is not applicable"
fi
# update dconf database
dconf update
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "autorun-never" is not set
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.8_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.343+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "autorun-never" is not set</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "autorun-never" is not set</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671235"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671235">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671235"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points
in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating
of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. |
| Subcontrol: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content |
| Description: |
Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications,
code, or scripts on enterprise assets. |
| Safeguard: |
10.3 |
| Label: |
Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media |
| Description: |
Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.8.9 Ensure GDM autorun-never is not overridden
Description:
The autorun-never setting allows the GNOME Desktop Display Manager to disable autorun
through GDM.
By using the lockdown mode in dconf, you can prevent users from changing specific
settings.
To lock down a dconf key or subpath, create a locks subdirectory in the keyfile directory.
The files inside this directory contain a list of keys or subpaths to lock. Just as
with the keyfiles, you may add any number of files to this directory.
Example Lock File:
# Lock desktop media-handling settings
/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/autorun-never
Malware on removable media may take advantage of Autorun features when the media is
inserted into a system and execute.
Run the following script to ensure that
autorun-never=true
cannot be overridden:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
# Check if GNOME Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation
is Not Applicable\n
# determine system's package manager
l_pkgoutput=""
if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="dpkg-query -W"
elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then
l_pq="rpm -q"
fi
# Check if GDM is installed
l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space separated list of packages to check
for l_pn in $l_pcl; do
$l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="y" && echo -e "\n - Package: \"$l_pn\"
exists on the system\n - remediating configuration if needed"
done
# Check configuration (If applicable)
if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then
# Look for autorun to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests
l_kfd="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*autorun-never\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/ | awk -F'/'
'{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to be locked
if [ -d "$l_kfd" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be locked
if grep -Priq '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/autorun-never\b' "$l_kfd";
then
echo " - \"autorun-never\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/autorun-never\b'
"$l_kfd")\""
else
echo " - creating entry to lock \"autorun-never\""
[ ! -d "$l_kfd"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd"/locks
{
echo -e '\n# Lock desktop media-handling autorun-never setting'
echo '/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/autorun-never'
} >> "$l_kfd"/locks/00-media-autorun
fi
else
echo -e " - \"autorun-never\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow
Recommendation \"Ensure GDM autorun-never is enabled\" and follow this Recommendation
again"
fi
# update dconf database
dconf update
else
echo -e " - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation
is not applicable"
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "autorun-never" is not set so it can not be locked
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.9_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_not_overridden"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.343+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "autorun-never" is not set so it can not be locked</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "autorun-never" is not set so it can not be locked</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671243"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671243">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671243"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points
in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating
of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. |
| Subcontrol: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content |
| Description: |
Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications,
code, or scripts on enterprise assets. |
| Safeguard: |
10.3 |
| Label: |
Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media |
| Description: |
Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass1.8.10 Ensure XDMCP is not enabled
Description:
X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) is designed to provide authenticated access
to display management services for remote displays
XDMCP is inherently insecure.
- XDMCP is not a ciphered protocol. This may allow an attacker to capture keystrokes
entered by a user
- XDMCP is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. This may allow an attacker to steal
the credentials of legitimate users by impersonating the XDMCP server.
Edit the file
/etc/gdm/custom.conf
and remove the line:
Enable=true
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/gdm/custom.conf exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Enable\s*=\s*true\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.10_Ensure_XDMCP_is_not_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.343+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671249"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671249">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671249"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/gdm/custom.conf exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*Enable\s*=\s*true\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
2 Services
While applying system updates and patches helps correct known vulnerabilities, one
of the best ways to protect the system against as yet unreported vulnerabilities is
to disable all services that are not required for normal system operation. This prevents
the exploitation of vulnerabilities discovered at a later date. If a service is not
enabled, it cannot be exploited. The actions in this section of the document provide
guidance on some services which can be safely disabled and under which circumstances,
greatly reducing the number of possible threats to the resulting system. Additionally,
some services which should remain enabled but with secure configuration are covered
as well as insecure service clients.
2.1 Configure Server Services
This section describes services that are installed on systems that specifically need
to run these services. If any of these services are not required, it is recommended
that the package be removed.
- IF -
the package is required for a dependency:
- Ensure the dependent package is approved by local site policy
- Ensure stopping and masking the service and/or socket meets local site policy
- Stop and mask the service and/or socket to reduce the potential attack surface
The following commands can be used to stop and mask the service and socket:
# systemctl stop <service_name>.socket <service_name>.service
# systemctl mask <service_name>.socket <service_name>.service
Note:
This should not be considered a comprehensive list of services not required for normal
system operation. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your
environment
Pass2.1.1 Ensure autofs services are not in use
Description:
autofs
allows automatic mounting of devices, typically including CD/DVDs and USB drives.
With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or
disc and have its contents available in system even if they lacked permissions to
mount it themselves.
Run the following commands to stop
autofs.service
and remove
autofs
package:
# systemctl stop autofs.service
# dnf remove autofs
- OR -
- IF -
the
autofs
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
autofs.service
:
# systemctl stop autofs.service
# systemctl mask autofs.service
Impact:
The use of portable hard drives is very common for workstation users. If your organization
allows the use of portable storage or media on workstations and physical access controls
to workstations is considered adequate there is little value add in turning off automounting.
There may be packages that are dependent on the
autofs
package. If the
autofs
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
autofs
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
autofs.service
leaving the
autofs
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
autofs.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
autofs.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'autofs' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1_Ensure_autofs_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.344+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-3, MP-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670700"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670700_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670700"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670700">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670700"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>autofs.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670703"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670703_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670703"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670703">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670703"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>autofs.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670692"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670692">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670692"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'autofs' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-3, MP-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points
in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating
of defense, data gathering, and corrective action. |
| Subcontrol: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content |
| Description: |
Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications,
code, or scripts on enterprise assets. |
| Safeguard: |
10.3 |
| Label: |
Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media |
| Description: |
Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.2 Ensure avahi daemon services are not in use
Description:
Avahi is a free zeroconf implementation, including a system for multicast DNS/DNS-SD
service discovery. Avahi allows programs to publish and discover services and hosts
running on a local network with no specific configuration. For example, a user can
plug a computer into a network and Avahi automatically finds printers to print to,
files to look at and people to talk to, as well as network services running on the
machine.
Automatic discovery of network services is not normally required for system functionality.
It is recommended to remove this package to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to stop
avahi-daemon.socket
and
avahi-daemon.service
, and remove the
avahi
package:
# systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service
# dnf remove avahi
- OR -
- IF -
the
avahi
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
avahi-daemon.socket
and
avahi-daemon.service
:
# systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service
# systemctl mask avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
avahi
package. If the
avahi
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
avahi
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
avahi-daemon.socket
and
avahi-daemon.service
leaving the
avahi
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'avahi-daemon.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
avahi-daemon.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'avahi-daemon.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
avahi-daemon.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'avahi-daemon.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
avahi-daemon.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'avahi-daemon.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
avahi-daemon.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'avahi' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2_Ensure_avahi_daemon_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.346+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670718"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670718_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670718"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670718">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670718"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'avahi-daemon.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>avahi-daemon.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670723"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670723_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670723"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670723">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670723"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'avahi-daemon.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>avahi-daemon.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670729"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670729_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670729"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670729">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670729"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'avahi-daemon.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>avahi-daemon.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670736"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670736_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670736"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670736">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670736"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'avahi-daemon.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>avahi-daemon.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670713"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670713">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670713"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'avahi' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.3 Ensure dhcp server services are not in use
Description:
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a service that allows machines to
be dynamically assigned IP addresses. There are two versions of the DHCP protocol
DHCPv4
and DHCPv6
. At startup the server may be started for one or the other via the
-4
or -6
arguments.
Unless a system is specifically set up to act as a DHCP server, it is recommended
that the
dhcp-server
package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to stop
dhcpd.service
and
dhcpd6.service
and remove
dhcp-server
package:
# systemctl stop dhcpd.service dhcpd6.service
# dnf remove dhcp-server
- OR -
- IF -
the
dhcp-server
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
dhcpd.service
and
dhcpd6.service
:
# systemctl stop dhcpd.service dhcpd6.service
# systemctl mask dhcpd.service dhcpd6.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
dhcp-server
package. If the
dhcp-server
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
dhcp-server
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
dhcpd.service
and
dhcpd6.service
leaving the
dhcp-server
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dhcpd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dhcpd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dhcpd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dhcpd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dhcpd6.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dhcpd6.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dhcpd6.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dhcpd6.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'dhcp-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3_Ensure_dhcp_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.346+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">dhcpd(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670746"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670746_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670746"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670746">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670746"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dhcpd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dhcpd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670752"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670752_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670752"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670752">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670752"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dhcpd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dhcpd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670755"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670755_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670755"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670755">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670755"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dhcpd6.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dhcpd6.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670761"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670761_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670761"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670761">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670761"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dhcpd6.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dhcpd6.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670744"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670744">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670744"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'dhcp-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: dhcpd(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.4 Ensure dns server services are not in use
Description:
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system that maps names to IP
addresses for computers, services and other resources connected to a network.
Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS server, it is recommended
that the package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to stop
named.service
and remove
bind
package:
# systemctl stop named.service
# dnf remove bind
- OR -
- IF -
the
bind
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
named.service
:
# systemctl stop named.service
# systemctl mask named.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
bind
package. If the
bind
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
bind
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
named.service
leaving the
bind
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'named.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
named.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'named.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
named.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'bind' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4_Ensure_dns_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.346+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670773"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670773_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670773"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670773">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670773"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'named.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>named.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670777"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670777_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670777"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670777">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670777"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'named.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>named.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670768"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670768">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670768"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'bind' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.5 Ensure dnsmasq services are not in use
Description:
dnsmasq
is a lightweight tool that provides DNS caching, DNS forwarding and DHCP (Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol) services.
Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS caching, DNS forwarding
and/or DHCP server, it is recommended that the package be removed to reduce the potential
attack surface.
Run the following commands to stop
dnsmasq.service
and remove
dnsmasq
package:
# systemctl stop dnsmasq.service
# dnf remove dnsmasq
- OR -
- IF -
the
dnsmasq
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
dnsmasq.service
:
# systemctl stop dnsmasq.service
# systemctl mask dnsmasq.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
dnsmasq
package. If the
dnsmasq
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
dnsmasq
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
dnsmasq.service
leaving the
dnsmasq
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dnsmasq.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dnsmasq.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dnsmasq.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dnsmasq.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'dnsmasq' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.5_Ensure_dnsmasq_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.346+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670791"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670791_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670791"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670791">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670791"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dnsmasq.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dnsmasq.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670796"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670796_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670796"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670796">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670796"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dnsmasq.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dnsmasq.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670785"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670785">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670785"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'dnsmasq' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.6 Ensure samba file server services are not in use
Description:
The Samba daemon allows system administrators to configure their Linux systems to
share file systems and directories with Windows desktops. Samba will advertise the
file systems and directories via the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Windows
desktop users will be able to mount these directories and file systems as letter drives
on their systems.
If there is no need to mount directories and file systems to Windows systems, then
this package can be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following command to stop
smb.service
and remove
samba
package:
# systemctl stop smb.service
# dnf remove samba
- OR -
- IF -
the
samba
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
smb.service
:
# systemctl stop smb.service
# systemctl mask smb.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
samba
package. If the
samba
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
samba
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
smb.service
leaving the
samba
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'smb.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
smb.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'smb.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
smb.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'samba' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.6_Ensure_samba_file_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.346+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670809"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670809_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670809"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670809">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670809"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'smb.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>smb.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670816"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670816_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670816"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670816">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670816"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'smb.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>smb.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670803"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670803">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670803"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'samba' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.7 Ensure ftp server services are not in use
Description:
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a traditional and widely used standard tool for transferring
files between a server and clients over a network, especially where no authentication
is necessary (permits anonymous users to connect to a server).
Unless there is a need to run the system as a FTP server, it is recommended that the
package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to stop
vsftpd.service
and remove
vsftpd
package:
# systemctl stop vsftpd.service
# dnf remove vsftpd
- OR -
- IF -
the
vsftpd
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
vsftpd.service
:
# systemctl stop vsftpd.service
# systemctl mask vsftpd.service
Note:
Other ftp server packages may exist. If not required and authorized by local site
policy, they should also be removed. If the package is required for a dependency,
the service should be stopped and masked.
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
vsftpd
package. If the
vsftpd
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
vsftpd
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
vsftpd.service
leaving the
vsftpd
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'vsftpd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
vsftpd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'vsftpd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
vsftpd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'vsftpd' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.7_Ensure_ftp_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.346+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670832"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670832_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670832"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670832">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670832"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'vsftpd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>vsftpd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670839"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670839_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670839"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670839">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670839"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'vsftpd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>vsftpd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670825"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670825">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670825"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'vsftpd' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.8 Ensure message access server services are not in use
Description:
dovecot
and cyrus-imapd
are open source IMAP and POP3 server packages for Linux based systems.
Unless POP3 and/or IMAP servers are to be provided by this system, it is recommended
that the package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Note:
Several IMAP/POP3 servers exist and can use other service names. These should also
be audited and the packages removed if not required.
Run the following commands to stop
dovecot.socket
,
dovecot.service
, and
cyrus-imapd.service
, and remove
dovecot
and
cyrus-imapd
packages:
# systemctl stop dovecot.socket dovecot.service cyrus-imapd.service
# dnf remove dovecot cyrus-imapd
- OR -
- IF -
a package is installed
and
is required for dependencies:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
dovecot.socket
,
dovecot.service
, and
cyrus-imapd.service
:
# systemctl stop dovecot.socket dovecot.service cyrus-imapd.service
# systemctl mask dovecot.socket dovecot.service cyrus-imapd.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on
dovecot
and
cyrus-imapd
packages. If
dovecot
and
cyrus-imapd
packages are removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
dovecot
and
cyrus-imapd
packages, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask
dovecot.socket
,
dovecot.service
and
cyrus-imapd.service
leaving
dovecot
and
cyrus-imapd
packages installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dovecot.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dovecot.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dovecot.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dovecot.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dovecot.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dovecot.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'dovecot.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
dovecot.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'dovecot' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'cyrus-imapd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
cyrus-imapd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'cyrus-imapd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
cyrus-imapd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cyrus-imapd' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.8_Ensure_message_access_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.346+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670859"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670859_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670859"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670859">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670859"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dovecot.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dovecot.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670862"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670862_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670862"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670862">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670862"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dovecot.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dovecot.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670866"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670866_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670866"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670866">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670866"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dovecot.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dovecot.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670869"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670869_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670869"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670869">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670869"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'dovecot.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>dovecot.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670847"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670847">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670847"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'dovecot' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670874"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670874_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670874"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670874">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670874"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'cyrus-imapd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cyrus-imapd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670878"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670878_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670878"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670878">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670878"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'cyrus-imapd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cyrus-imapd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670852"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670852">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670852"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cyrus-imapd' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.9 Ensure network file system services are not in use
Description:
The Network File System (NFS) is one of the first and most widely distributed file
systems in the UNIX environment. It provides the ability for systems to mount file
systems of other servers through the network.
If the system does not require access to network shares or the ability to provide
network file system services for other host's network shares, it is recommended that
the nfs-utils
package be removed to reduce the attack surface of the system.
Run the following command to stop
nfs-server.service
and remove
nfs-utils
package:
# systemctl stop nfs-server.service
# dnf remove nfs-utils
- OR -
- IF -
the
nfs-utils
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
nfs-server.service
:
# systemctl stop nfs-server.service
# systemctl mask nfs-server.service
Impact:
Many of the
libvirt
packages used by Enterprise Linux virtualization are dependent on the
nfs-utils
package. If the
nfs-utils
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
nfs-utils
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
nfs-server.service
leaving the
nfs-utils
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'nfs-server.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
nfs-server.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'nfs-server.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
nfs-server.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'nfs-utils' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.9_Ensure_network_file_system_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670889"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670889_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670889"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670889">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670889"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'nfs-server.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nfs-server.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670892"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670892_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670892"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670892">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670892"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'nfs-server.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nfs-server.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670884"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670884">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670884"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'nfs-utils' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.10 Ensure nis server services are not in use
Description:
The Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages, is a client-server
directory service protocol used to distribute system configuration files. The NIS
client (
ypbind
) was used to bind a machine to an NIS server and receive the distributed configuration
files.
The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS attacks,
buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS generally
has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).
It is recommended that the service be removed.
Run the following commands to stop
ypserv.service
and remove
ypserv
package:
# systemctl stop ypserv.service
# dnf remove ypserv
- OR -
- IF -
the
ypserv
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
ypserv.service
:
# systemctl stop ypserv.service
# systemctl mask ypserv.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
ypserv
package. If the
ypserv
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
ypserv
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
ypserv.service
leaving the
ypserv
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'ypserv.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
ypserv.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'ypserv.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
ypserv.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'ypserv' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.10_Ensure_nis_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670903"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670903_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670903"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670903">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670903"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'ypserv.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ypserv.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670909"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670909_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670909"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670909">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670909"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'ypserv.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ypserv.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670898"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670898">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670898"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ypserv' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.11 Ensure print server services are not in use
Description:
The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) provides the ability to print to both local and
network printers. A system running CUPS can also accept print jobs from remote systems
and print them to local printers. It also provides a web based remote administration
capability.
If the system does not need to print jobs or accept print jobs from other systems,
it is recommended that CUPS be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to stop
cups.socket
and
cups.service
, and remove the
cups
package:
# systemctl stop cups.socket cups.service
# dnf remove cups
- OR -
- IF -
the
cups
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
cups.socket
and
cups.service
:
# systemctl stop cups.socket cups.service
# systemctl mask cups.socket cups.service
Impact:
Removing the cups package, or disabling
cups.socket
and/or
cups.service
will prevent printing from the system, a common task for workstation systems.
There may be packages that are dependent on the
cups
package. If the
cups
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
cups
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask
cups.socket
and
cups.service
leaving the
cups
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'cups.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
cups.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'cups.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
cups.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'cups.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
cups.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'cups.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
cups.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cups' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.11_Ensure_print_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">http://www.cups.org</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670921"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670921_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670921"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670921">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670921"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'cups.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cups.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670924"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670924_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670924"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670924">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670924"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'cups.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cups.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670926"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670926_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670926"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670926">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670926"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'cups.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cups.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670930"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670930_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670930"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670930">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670930"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'cups.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cups.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670915"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670915">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670915"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cups' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: http://www.cups.org
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.12 Ensure rpcbind services are not in use
Description:
The rpcbind
utility maps RPC services to the ports on which they listen. RPC processes notify
rpcbind
when they start, registering the ports they are listening on and the RPC program numbers
they expect to serve. The client system then contacts
rpcbind
on the server with a particular RPC program number. The
rpcbind.service
redirects the client to the proper port number so it can communicate with the requested
service.
Portmapper is an RPC service, which always listens on tcp and udp 111, and is used
to map other RPC services (such as nfs, nlockmgr, quotad, mountd, etc.) to their corresponding
port number on the server. When a remote host makes an RPC call to that server, it
first consults with portmap to determine where the RPC server is listening.
A small request (~82 bytes via UDP) sent to the Portmapper generates a large response
(7x to 28x amplification), which makes it a suitable tool for DDoS attacks. If
rpcbind
is not required, it is recommended to remove
rpcbind
package to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to stop
rpcbind.socket
and
rpcbind.service
, and remove the
rpcbind
package:
# systemctl stop rpcbind.socket rpcbind.service
# dnf remove rpcbind
- OR -
- IF -
the
rpcbind
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
rpcbind.socket
and
rpcbind.service
:
# systemctl stop rpcbind.socket rpcbind.service
# systemctl mask rpcbind.socket rpcbind.service
Impact:
Many of the libvirt packages used by Enterprise Linux virtualization, and the
nfs-utils
package used for The Network File System (NFS), are dependent on the
rpcbind
package. If the
rpcbind
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
rpcbind
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
rpcbind.socket
and
rpcbind.service
leaving the
rpcbind
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rpcbind.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rpcbind.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rpcbind.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rpcbind.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rpcbind.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rpcbind.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rpcbind.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rpcbind.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'rpcbind' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.12_Ensure_rpcbind_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670938"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670938_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670938"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670938">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670938"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rpcbind.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rpcbind.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670941"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670941_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670941"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670941">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670941"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rpcbind.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rpcbind.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670945"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670945_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670945"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670945">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670945"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rpcbind.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rpcbind.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670948"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670948_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670948"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670948">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670948"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rpcbind.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rpcbind.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670934"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670934">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670934"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rpcbind' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.13 Ensure rsync services are not in use
Description:
The rsyncd.service
can be used to synchronize files between systems over network links.
Unless required, the
rsync-daemon
package should be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
The rsyncd.service
presents a security risk as it uses unencrypted protocols for communication.
Run the following commands to stop
rsyncd.socket
and
rsyncd.service
, and remove the
rsync-daemon
package:
# systemctl stop rsyncd.socket rsyncd.service
# dnf remove rsync-daemon
- OR -
- IF -
the
rsync-daemon
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
rsyncd.socket
and
rsyncd.service
:
# systemctl stop rsyncd.socket rsyncd.service
# systemctl mask rsyncd.socket rsyncd.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
rsync-daemon
package. If the
rsync-daemon
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
rsync-daemon
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
rsyncd.socket
and
rsyncd.service
leaving the
rsync-daemon
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyncd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyncd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyncd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyncd.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyncd.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyncd.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyncd.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals ''rsync-daemon' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.13_Ensure_rsync_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670957"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670957_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670957"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670957">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670957"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyncd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670960"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670960_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670960"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670960">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670960"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyncd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyncd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670964"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670964_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670964"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670964">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670964"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyncd.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyncd.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670969"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670969_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670969"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670969">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670969"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyncd.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyncd.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670954"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670954">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670954"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals ''rsync-daemon' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.14 Ensure snmp services are not in use
Description:
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a widely used protocol for monitoring
the health and welfare of network equipment, computer equipment and devices like UPSs.
Net-SNMP is a suite of applications used to implement SNMPv1 (RFC 1157), SNMPv2 (RFCs
1901-1908), and SNMPv3 (RFCs 3411-3418) using both IPv4 and IPv6.
Support for SNMPv2 classic (a.k.a. "SNMPv2 historic" - RFCs 1441-1452) was dropped
with the 4.0 release of the UCD-snmp package.
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) server is used to listen for SNMP commands
from an SNMP management system, execute the commands or collect the information and
then send results back to the requesting system.
The SNMP server can communicate using
SNMPv1
, which transmits data in the clear and does not require authentication to execute
commands.
SNMPv3
replaces the simple/clear text password sharing used in
SNMPv2
with more securely encoded parameters. If the the SNMP service is not required, the
net-snmp
package should be removed to reduce the attack surface of the system.
Note:
If SNMP is required:
-
The server should be configured for
SNMP v3
only.
User Authentication
and
Message Encryption
should be configured.
-
If
SNMP v2
is
absolutely
necessary, modify the community strings' values.
Run the following commands to stop
snmpd.service
and remove
net-snmp
package:
# systemctl stop snmpd.service
# dnf remove net-snmp
- OR -
If the package is required for dependencies:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
snmpd.service
:
# systemctl stop snmpd.service
# systemctl mask snmpd.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
net-snmp
package. If the
net-snmp
package is removed, these packages will be removed as well.
Before removing the
net-snmp
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
If a dependent package is required, stop and mask the
snmpd.service
leaving the
net-snmp
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'snmpd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
snmpd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'snmpd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
snmpd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'net-snmp' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.14_Ensure_snmp_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670977"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670977_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670977"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670977">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670977"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'snmpd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>snmpd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670981"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670981_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670981"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670981">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670981"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'snmpd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>snmpd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670973"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670973">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670973"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'net-snmp' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.15 Ensure telnet server services are not in use
Description:
The telnet-server
package contains the
telnet
daemon, which accepts connections from users from other systems via the
telnet
protocol.
The telnet
protocol is insecure and unencrypted. The use of an unencrypted transmission medium
could allow a user with access to sniff network traffic the ability to steal credentials.
The ssh
package provides an encrypted session and stronger security.
Run the following commands to stop
telnet.socket
and remove the
telnet-server
package:
# systemctl stop telnet.socket
# dnf remove telnet-server
- OR -
- IF -
a package is installed
and
is required for dependencies:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
telnet.socket
:
# systemctl stop telnet.socket
# systemctl mask telnet.socket
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
telnet-server
package. If the
telnet-server
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
telnet-server
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
telnet.socket
leaving the
telnet-server
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'telnet.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
telnet.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'telnet.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
telnet.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'telnet-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.15_Ensure_telnet_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7, CM-11</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670989"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670989_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670989"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670989">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670989"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'telnet.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>telnet.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670992"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670992_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670992"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670992">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670992"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'telnet.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>telnet.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670986"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670986">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670986"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'telnet-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7, CM-11
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that
only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and
unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. |
| Subcontrol: |
2.6 |
| Label: |
Address unapproved software |
| Description: |
Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in
a timely manner |
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.16 Ensure tftp server services are not in use
Description:
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple protocol for exchanging files between
two TCP/IP machines. TFTP servers allow connections from a TFTP Client for sending
and receiving files.
Unless there is a need to run the system as a TFTP server, it is recommended that
the package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
TFTP does not have built-in encryption, access control or authentication. This makes
it very easy for an attacker to exploit TFTP to gain access to files
Run the following commands to stop
tftp.socket
and
tftp.service
, and remove the
tftp-server
package:
# systemctl stop tftp.socket tftp.service
# dnf remove tftp-server
- OR -
- IF -
the
tftp-server
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
tftp.socket
and
tftp.service
:
# systemctl stop tftp.socket tftp.service
# systemctl mask tftp.socket tftp.service
Impact:
TFTP is often used to provide files for network booting such as for PXE based installation
of servers.
There may be packages that are dependent on the
tftp-server
package. If the
tftp-server
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
tftp-server
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
tftp.socket
and
tftp.service
leaving the
tftp-server
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'tftp.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
tftp.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'tftp.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
tftp.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'tftp.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
tftp.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'tftp.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
tftp.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'tftp-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.16_Ensure_tftp_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671000"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671000_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671000"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671000">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671000"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'tftp.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tftp.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671004"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671004_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671004"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671004">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671004"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'tftp.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tftp.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671006"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671006_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671006"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671006">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671006"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'tftp.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tftp.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671010"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671010_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671010"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671010">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671010"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'tftp.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>tftp.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670997"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670997">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670997"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'tftp-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.17 Ensure web proxy server services are not in use
Description:
Squid is a standard proxy server used in many distributions and environments.
Unless a system is specifically set up to act as a proxy server, it is recommended
that the squid package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Note:
Several HTTP proxy servers exist. These should be checked and removed unless required.
Run the following commands to stop
squid.service
and remove the
squid
package:
# systemctl stop squid.service
# dnf remove squid
- OR -
If the
squid
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
squid.service
:
# systemctl stop squid.service
# systemctl mask squid.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
squid
package. If the
squid
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
squid
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
squid.service
leaving the
squid
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'squid.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
squid.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'squid.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
squid.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'squid' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.17_Ensure_web_proxy_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.347+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671018"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671018_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671018"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671018">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671018"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'squid.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>squid.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671019"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671019_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671019"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671019">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671019"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'squid.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>squid.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671014"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671014">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671014"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'squid' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.18 Ensure web server services are not in use
Description:
Web servers provide the ability to host web site content.
Unless there is a local site approved requirement to run a web server service on the
system, web server packages should be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following commands to stop
httpd.socket
,
httpd.service
, and
nginx.service
, and remove
httpd
and
nginx
packages:
# systemctl stop httpd.socket httpd.service nginx.service
# dnf remove httpd nginx
- OR -
- IF -
a package is installed
and
is required for dependencies:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
httpd.socket
,
httpd.service
, and
nginx.service
:
# systemctl stop httpd.socket httpd.service nginx.service
# systemctl mask httpd.socket httpd.service nginx.service
Note:
Other web server packages may exist. If not required and authorized by local site
policy, they should also be removed. If the package is required for a dependency,
the service and socket should be stopped and masked.
Impact:
Removal of web server packages will remove that ability for the server to host web
services.
- IF -
the web server package is required for a dependency, any related service or socket
should be stopped and masked.
Note:
If the remediation steps to mask a service are followed and that package is not installed
on the system, the service and/or socket will still be masked. If the package is installed
due to an approved requirement to host a web server, the associated service and/or
socket would need to be unmasked before it could be enabled and/or started.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'httpd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
httpd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'httpd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
httpd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'httpd.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
httpd.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'httpd.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
httpd.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'httpd' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'nginx.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
nginx.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'nginx.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
nginx.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'nginx' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.18_Ensure_web_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671033"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671033_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671033"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671033">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671033"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'httpd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>httpd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671036"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671036_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671036"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671036">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671036"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'httpd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>httpd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671039"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671039_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671039"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671039">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671039"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'httpd.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>httpd.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671043"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671043_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671043"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671043">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671043"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'httpd.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>httpd.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671024"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671024">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671024"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'httpd' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671047"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671047_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671047"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671047">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671047"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'nginx.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nginx.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671050"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671050_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671050"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671050">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671050"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'nginx.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nginx.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671028"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671028">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671028"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'nginx' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.19 Ensure xinetd services are not in use
Description:
The eXtended InterNET Daemon (
xinetd
) is an open source super daemon that replaced the original
inetd
daemon. The
xinetd
daemon listens for well known services and dispatches the appropriate daemon to properly
respond to service requests.
If there are no
xinetd
services required, it is recommended that the package be removed to reduce the attack
surface are of the system.
Note:
If an
xinetd
service or services are required, ensure that any
xinetd
service not required is stopped and masked
Run the following commands to stop
xinetd.service
, and remove the
xinetd
package:
# systemctl stop xinetd.service
# dnf remove xinetd
- OR -
- IF -
the
xinetd
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the
xinetd.service
:
# systemctl stop xinetd.service
# systemctl mask xinetd.service
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the
xinetd
package. If the
xinetd
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
xinetd
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the avahi-daemon.socket and avahi-daemon.service
leaving the avahi package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'xinetd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
xinetd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'xinetd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
xinetd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'xinetd' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.19_Ensure_xinetd_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671059"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671059_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671059"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671059">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671059"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'xinetd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>xinetd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671063"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671063_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671063"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671063">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671063"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'xinetd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>xinetd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671055"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671055">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671055"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'xinetd' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.20 Ensure X window server services are not in use
Description:
The X Window System provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) where users can have
multiple windows in which to run programs and various add on. The X Windows system
is typically used on workstations where users login, but not on servers where users
typically do not login.
Unless your organization specifically requires graphical login access via X Windows,
remove it to reduce the potential attack surface.
- IF -
a Graphical Desktop Manager or X-Windows server is not required and approved by local
site policy:
Run the following command to remove the X Windows Server packages:
# dnf remove xorg-x11-server-common
Impact:
If a Graphical Desktop Manager (GDM) is in use on the system, there may be a dependency
on the
xorg-x11-server-common
package. If the GDM is required and approved by local site policy, the package should
not
be removed.
Many Linux systems run applications which require a Java runtime. Some Linux Java
packages have a dependency on specific X Windows xorg-x11-fonts. One workaround to
avoid this dependency is to use the "headless" Java packages for your specific Java
runtime.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'xorg-x11-server-common' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.20_Ensure_X_window_server_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671067"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671067">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671067"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'xorg-x11-server-common' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671071"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671071">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671071"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.1.21 Ensure mail transfer agents are configured for local-only mode
Description:
Mail Transfer Agents (MTA), such as sendmail and Postfix, are used to listen for incoming
mail and transfer the messages to the appropriate user or mail server. If the system
is not intended to be a mail server, it is recommended that the MTA be configured
to only process local mail.
The software for all Mail Transfer Agents is complex and most have a long history
of security issues. While it is important to ensure that the system can process local
mail messages, it is not necessary to have the MTA's daemon listening on a port unless
the server is intended to be a mail server that receives and processes mail from other
systems.
Edit
/etc/postfix/main.cf
and add the following line to the RECEIVING MAIL section. If the line already exists,
change it to look like the line below:
inet_interfaces = loopback-only
Run the following command to restart
postfix
:
# systemctl restart postfix
Note:
- This remediation is designed around the postfix mail server.
- Depending on your environment you may have an alternative MTA installed such as sendmail.
If this is the case consult the documentation for your installed MTA to configure
the recommended state.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mail_transfer_agent_local_only_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - Port "25" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface
- - Port "465" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface
- - Port "587" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.21_Ensure_mail_transfer_agents_are_configured_for_local-only_mode"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mail_transfer_agent_local_only_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mail_transfer_agent_local_only_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mail_transfer_agent_local_only_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - Port "25" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface</l>
<l> - Port "465" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface</l>
<l> - Port "587" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mail_transfer_agent_local_only_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - Port "25" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface</li>
<li> - Port "465" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface</li>
<li> - Port "587" is not listening on a non-loopback network interface</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual2.1.22 Ensure only approved services are listening on a network interface
Description:
A network port is identified by its number, the associated IP address, and the type
of the communication protocol such as TCP or UDP.
A listening port is a network port on which an application or process listens on,
acting as a communication endpoint.
Each listening port can be open or closed (filtered) using a firewall. In general
terms, an open port is a network port that accepts incoming packets from remote locations.
Services listening on the system pose a potential risk as an attack vector. These
services should be reviewed, and if not required, the service should be stopped, and
the package containing the service should be removed. If required packages have a
dependency, the service should be stopped and masked to reduce the attack surface
of the system.
Run the following commands to stop the service and remove the package containing the
service:
# systemctl stop <service_name>.socket <service_name>.service
# dnf remove <package_name>
- OR -
If required packages have a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask the service and socket:
# systemctl stop <service_name>.socket <service_name>.service
# systemctl mask <service_name>.socket <service_name>.service
Note:
replace
<service_name>
with the appropriate service name.
Impact:
There may be packages that are dependent on the service's package. If the service's
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the service's package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required
on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask the
<service_name>.socket
and
<service_name>.service
leaving the service's package installed.
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.22_Ensure_only_approved_services_are_listening_on_a_network_interface"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
2.2 Configure Client Services
A number of insecure services exist. While disabling the servers prevents a local
attack against these services, it is advised to remove their clients unless they are
required.
Note:
This should not be considered a comprehensive list of insecure service clients. You
may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.
Pass2.2.1 Ensure ftp client is not installed
Description:
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a traditional and widely used standard tool for transferring
files between a server and clients over a network, especially where no authentication
is necessary (permits anonymous users to connect to a server).
FTP does not protect the confidentiality of data or authentication credentials. It
is recommended SFTP be used if file transfer is required. Unless there is a need to
run the system as a FTP server (for example, to allow anonymous downloads), it is
recommended that the package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following command to remove
ftp
:
# dnf remove ftp
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'ftp' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_ftp_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671082"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671082">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671082"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ftp' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.2.2 Ensure ldap client is not installed
Description:
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for
NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central
database.
If the system will not need to act as an LDAP client, it is recommended that the software
be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following command to remove the
openldap-clients
package:
# dnf remove openldap-clients
Impact:
Removing the LDAP client will prevent or inhibit using LDAP for authentication in
your environment.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openldap-clients' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_ldap_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671088"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671088">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671088"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openldap-clients' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that
only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and
unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. |
| Subcontrol: |
2.6 |
| Label: |
Address unapproved software |
| Description: |
Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in
a timely manner |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.2.3 Ensure nis client is not installed
Description:
The Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages, is a client-server
directory service protocol used to distribute system configuration files. The NIS
client (
ypbind
) was used to bind a machine to an NIS server and receive the distributed configuration
files.
The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS attacks,
buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS generally
has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).
It is recommended that the service be removed.
Run the following command to remove the ypbind package:
# dnf remove ypbind
Impact:
Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments.
Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required
it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional
misuse.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'ypbind' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_nis_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671092"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671092">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671092"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'ypbind' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.2.4 Ensure telnet client is not installed
Description:
The telnet
package contains the
telnet
client, which allows users to start connections to other systems via the telnet protocol.
The telnet
protocol is insecure and unencrypted. The use of an unencrypted transmission medium
could allow an unauthorized user to steal credentials. The
ssh
package provides an encrypted session and stronger security and is included in most
Linux distributions.
Run the following command to remove the
telnet
package:
# dnf remove telnet
Impact:
Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments.
Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required
it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional
misuse.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'telnet' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671096"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671096">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671096"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'telnet' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that
only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and
unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution. |
| Subcontrol: |
2.6 |
| Label: |
Address unapproved software |
| Description: |
Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in
a timely manner |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.2.5 Ensure tftp client is not installed
Description:
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple protocol for exchanging files between
two TCP/IP machines. TFTP servers allow connections from a TFTP Client for sending
and receiving files.
TFTP does not have built-in encryption, access control or authentication. This makes
it very easy for an attacker to exploit TFTP to gain access to files
Run the following command to remove
tftp
:
# dnf remove tftp
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'tftp' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_tftp_client_is_not_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671101"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671101">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671101"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'tftp' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
2.3 Configure Time Synchronization
It is recommended that systems be configured to synchronize their time using a service
such as chrony
.
Virtual systems may be configured to receive their time synchronization from their
host system.
The host system must be configured to synchronize its time from an authoritative source
to be considered compliant with this section.
Any "physical" clock present on a system should be synchronized from an authoritative
time source.
Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
Notes:
Only the section related to the time synchronization method in use on the system should
be followed, all other time synchronization recommendations should be skipped
Pass2.3.1 Ensure time synchronization is in use
Description:
System time should be synchronized between all systems in an environment. This is
typically done by establishing an authoritative time server or set of servers and
having all systems synchronize their clocks to them.
Note:
If another method for time synchronization is being used, this section may be skipped.
Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms like
Kerberos and also ensures log files have consistent time records across the enterprise,
which aids in forensic investigations.
Run the following command to install
chrony
:
# dnf install chrony
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
chrony |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
1.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
4.5 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:4.5-1.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
chrony-0:4.5-1.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.1_Ensure_time_synchronization_is_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671108"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671108">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671108"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:4.5-1.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony-0:4.5-1.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.1 |
| Label: |
Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources |
| Description: |
Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices
retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.4 |
| Label: |
Standardize Time Synchronization |
| Description: |
Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources
across enterprise assets, where supported. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.3.2 Ensure chrony is configured
Description:
chrony
is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and is designed to synchronize
system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate.
More information on
chrony
can be found at
http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/
. chrony
can be configured to be a client and/or a server.
If chrony
is in use on the system proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchronization
is working properly.
Add or edit server or pool lines to
/etc/chrony.conf
or a file in the
/etc/chrony.d
directory as appropriate:
Example:
server <remote-server>
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/chrony.d exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*(server|pool)\h+[^#\n\r]+ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
chrony |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
1.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
4.5 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:4.5-1.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
chrony-0:4.5-1.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/chrony.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(server|pool)\h+[^#\n\r]+ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/chrony.conf |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
chrony.conf |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*(server|pool)\h+[^#\n\r]+ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
server 169.254.169.123 prefer iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 4 |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
server 169.254.169.123 prefer iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 4 |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
server |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.2_Ensure_chrony_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671112"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671112">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671112"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/chrony.d exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(server|pool)\h+[^#\n\r]+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671117"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671117">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671117"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:4.5-1.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony-0:4.5-1.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671119"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671119">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671119"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/chrony.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(server|pool)\h+[^#\n\r]+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/chrony.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>chrony.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*(server|pool)\h+[^#\n\r]+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>server 169.254.169.123 prefer iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>server 169.254.169.123 prefer iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.1 |
| Label: |
Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources |
| Description: |
Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices
retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.4 |
| Label: |
Standardize Time Synchronization |
| Description: |
Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources
across enterprise assets, where supported. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.3.3 Ensure chrony is not run as the root user
Description:
The file
/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
allows configuration of options for
chrony
to include the user
chrony
is run as. By default this is set to the user
chrony
Services should not be set to run as the root user
Edit the file
/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
and add or modify the following line to remove
-u root
:
Example:
OPTIONS="-F 2"
Run the following command to reload the
chronyd.service
configuration:
# systemctl reload-or-restart chronyd.service
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/sysconfig/chronyd exists and matches pattern ^\h*OPTIONS=\"?\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?-u\h+root\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.3_Ensure_chrony_is_not_run_as_the_root_user"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671126"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671126">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671126"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sysconfig/chronyd exists and matches pattern ^\h*OPTIONS=\"?\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?-u\h+root\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
2.4 Job Schedulers
A job scheduler is used to execute jobs, commands, or shell scripts, at fixed times,
dates, or intervals
2.4.1 Configure cron
cron
is a time based job scheduler
Notes:
-
Other methods, such as
systemd timers
, exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used,
cron
should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local
site policy
- - IF -
cron is not installed on the system, this section can be skipped
Pass2.4.1.1 Ensure cron daemon is enabled and active
Description:
The
cron
daemon is used to execute batch jobs on the system.
While there may not be user jobs that need to be run on the system, the system does
have maintenance jobs that may include security monitoring that have to run, and
cron
is used to execute them.
- IF -
cron is installed on the system:
Run the following commands to unmask, enable, and start
cron
:
# systemctl unmask "$(systemctl list-unit-files | awk '$1~/^crond?\.service/{print
$1}')"
# systemctl --now enable "$(systemctl list-unit-files | awk '$1~/^crond?\.service/{print
$1}')"
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'crond.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
cron.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'crond.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
cron.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
At least one |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
11.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.5.7 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.5.7-11.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'crond.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
crond.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'crond.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
crond.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_active"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.348+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671132"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671132_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671132"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671132">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671132"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'crond.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671137"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671137_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671137"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671137">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671137"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'crond.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671135"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671135">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671135"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671142"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671142">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671142"
check="at least one"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.5.7-11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671146"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671146_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671146"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671146">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671146"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'crond.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>crond.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671148"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671148_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671148"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671148">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671148"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'crond.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>crond.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass2.4.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/crontab are configured
Description:
The
/etc/crontab
file is used by
cron
to control its own jobs. The commands in this item make sure that root is the user
and group owner of the file and that only the owner can access the file.
This file contains information on what system jobs are run by cron. Write access to
these files could provide unprivileged users with the ability to elevate their privileges.
Read access to these files could provide users with the ability to gain insight on
system jobs that run on the system and could provide them a way to gain unauthorized
privileged access.
- IF -
cron is installed on the system:
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on
/etc/crontab
:
# chown root:root /etc/crontab
# chmod og-rwx /etc/crontab
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/crontab" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/crontab" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/crontab" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
11.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.5.7 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.5.7-11.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.349+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671152_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/crontab" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/crontab" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671163_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/crontab" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/crontab" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671168_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/crontab" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/crontab" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671156"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671156">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671156"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671160"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671160">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671160"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.5.7-11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.4.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.hourly are configured
Description:
This directory contains system
cron
jobs that need to run on an hourly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated
by the
crontab
command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The
commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing
regular users from accessing this directory.
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them
the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this
directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges
or circumvent auditing controls.
- IF -
cron is installed on the system:
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the
/etc/cron.hourly
directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.hourly/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.hourly/
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned
by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
11.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.5.7 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.5.7-11.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.349+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671172_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671181_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671184_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.hourly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671174"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671174">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671174"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671176"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671176">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671176"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.5.7-11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.4.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.daily are configured
Description:
The
/etc/cron.daily
directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a daily basis. The files in
this directory cannot be manipulated by the
crontab
command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The
commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing
regular users from accessing this directory.
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them
the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this
directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges
or circumvent auditing controls.
- IF -
cron is installed on the system:
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the
/etc/cron.daily
directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.daily/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.daily/
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned
by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
11.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.5.7 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.5.7-11.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.349+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671189_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671197_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671201_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.daily/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671192"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671192">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671192"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671195"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671195">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671195"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.5.7-11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.4.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.weekly are configured
Description:
The
/etc/cron.weekly
directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a weekly basis. The files
in this directory cannot be manipulated by the
crontab
command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The
commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing
regular users from accessing this directory.
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them
the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this
directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges
or circumvent auditing controls.
- IF -
cron is installed on the system:
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the
/etc/cron.weekly
directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.weekly/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.weekly/
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned
by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
11.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.5.7 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.5.7-11.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.349+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671205_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671216_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671220_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.weekly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671209"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671209">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671209"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671212"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671212">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671212"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.5.7-11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.4.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.monthly are configured
Description:
The
/etc/cron.monthly
directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a monthly basis. The files
in this directory cannot be manipulated by the
crontab
command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The
commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing
regular users from accessing this directory.
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them
the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this
directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges
or circumvent auditing controls.
- IF -
cron is installed on the system:
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the
/etc/cron.monthly
directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.monthly/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.monthly/
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more
restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned
by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
11.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.5.7 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.5.7-11.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.349+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671225_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671237_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671240_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.monthly/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671229"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671229">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671229"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671233"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671233">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671233"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.5.7-11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.4.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.d are configured
Description:
The
/etc/cron.d
directory contains system
cron
jobs that need to run in a similar manner to the hourly, daily weekly and monthly
jobs from
/etc/crontab
, but require more granular control as to when they run. The files in this directory
cannot be manipulated by the
crontab
command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The
commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing
regular users from accessing this directory.
Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them
the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this
directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges
or circumvent auditing controls.
- IF -
cron is installed on the system:
Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the
/etc/cron.d
directory:
# chown root:root /etc/cron.d/
# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.d/
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by:
"root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
11.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.5.7 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.5.7-11.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.349+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671245_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is mode: "0700" (should be mode: "700" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671254_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671256_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - directory: "/etc/cron.d/" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671247"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671247">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671247"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671251"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671251">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671251"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.5.7-11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass2.4.1.8 Ensure crontab is restricted to authorized users
Description:
crontab
is the program used to install, deinstall, or list the tables used to drive the cron
daemon. Each user can have their own crontab, and though these are files in
/var/spool/cron/crontabs
, they are not intended to be edited directly.
If the
/etc/cron.allow
file exists, then you must be listed (one user per line) therein in order to be allowed
to use this command. If the
/etc/cron.allow
file does not exist but the
/etc/cron.deny
file does exist, then you must not be listed in the
/etc/cron.deny
file in order to use this command.
If neither of these files exists, then depending on site-dependent configuration parameters,
only the super user will be allowed to use this command, or all users will be able
to use this command.
If both files exist then
/etc/cron.allow
takes precedence. Which means that
/etc/cron.deny
is not considered and your user must be listed in
/etc/cron.allow
in order to be able to use the crontab.
Regardless of the existence of any of these files, the root administrative user is
always allowed to setup a crontab.
The files
/etc/cron.allow
and
/etc/cron.deny
, if they exist, must be either world-readable, or readable by group
crontab
. If they are not, then cron will deny access to all users until the permissions are
fixed.
There is one file for each user's crontab under the
/var/spool/cron/crontabs
directory. Users are not allowed to edit the files under that directory directly to
ensure that only users allowed by the system to run periodic tasks can add them, and
only syntactically correct crontabs will be written there. This is enforced by having
the directory writable only by the
crontab
group and configuring crontab command with the setgid bid set for that specific group.
Note:
-
Even though a given user is not listed in
cron.allow
, cron jobs can still be run as that user
-
The files
/etc/cron.allow
and
/etc/cron.deny
, if they exist, only controls administrative access to the crontab command for scheduling
and modifying cron jobs
On many systems, only the system administrator is authorized to schedule
cron
jobs. Using the
cron.allow
file to control who can run
cron
jobs enforces this policy. It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list.
In a deny list, you could potentially add a user ID to the system and forget to add
it to the deny files.
- IF -
cron is installed on the system:
Run the following script to:
-
Create
/etc/cron.allow
if it doesn't exist
-
Change owner to user
root
-
Change group owner to group
root
-
Change mode to
640
or more restrictive
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
[ ! -e "/etc/cron.allow" ] && touch /etc/cron.allow
chown root:root /etc/cron.allow
chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/cron.allow
}
- IF -/etc/cron.deny
exists, run the following commands to:
-
Change owner to user
root
-
Change group owner to group
root
-
Change mode to
640
or more restrictive
# [ -e "/etc/cron.deny" ] && chown root:root /etc/cron.deny
# [ -e "/etc/cron.deny" ] && chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/cron.deny
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.allow exists and unknown test |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
File Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/cron.allow |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
cron.allow |
| Type |
String |
Exists |
regular |
| Group Id |
Int |
Exists |
0 |
| User Id |
Int |
Exists |
0 |
| A Time |
Int |
Exists |
1721556945 |
| C Time |
Int |
Exists |
1721556945 |
| M Time |
Int |
Exists |
1721556945 |
| Size |
Int |
Exists |
0 |
| Suid |
Int |
Exists |
false |
| Sgid |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
| Sticky |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
| Uread |
Boolean |
Exists |
true |
| Uwrite |
Boolean |
Exists |
true |
| Uexec |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
| Gread |
Boolean |
Exists |
true |
| Gwrite |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
| Gexec |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
| Oread |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
| Owrite |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
| Oexec |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
| Has Extended Acl |
Boolean |
Exists |
false |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
11.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.5.7 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.5.7-11.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.1.8_Ensure_crontab_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671265_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671267_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671270_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/cron.deny" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671273_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671276_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671279_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/cron.allow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671281"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671281">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671281"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.allow exists and unknown test</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>File Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/cron.allow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cron.allow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Group Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Id</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1721556945</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1721556945</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M Time</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1721556945</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Suid</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sgid</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sticky</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gwrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oread</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Owrite</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oexec</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Has Extended Acl</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>false</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671259"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671259">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671259"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671262"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671262">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671262"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'cronie' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.5.7-11.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>cronie-0:1.5.7-11.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
2.4.2 Configure at
at
is a command-line utility used to schedule a job for later execution
Note:
if at
is not installed on the system, this section can be skipped
Pass2.4.2.1 Ensure at is restricted to authorized users
Description:
at
allows fairly complex time specifications, extending the POSIX.2 standard. It accepts
times of the form HH:MM to run a job at a specific time of day. (If that time is already
past, the next day is assumed.) You may also specify midnight, noon, or teatime (4pm)
and you can have a time-of-day suffixed with AM or PM for running in the morning or
the evening. You can also say what day the job will be run, by giving a date in the
form month-name day with an optional year, or giving a date of the form MMDD[CC]YY,
MM/DD/[CC]YY, DD.MM.[CC]YY or [CC]YY-MM-DD. The specification of a date must follow
the specification of the time of day. You can also give times like now + count time-units,
where the time-units can be minutes, hours, days, or weeks and you can tell at to
run the job today by suffixing the time with today and to run the job tomorrow by
suffixing the time with tomorrow.
The
/etc/at.allow
and
/etc/at.deny
files determine which user can submit commands for later execution via at or batch.
The format of the files is a list of usernames, one on each line. Whitespace is not
permitted. If the file
/etc/at.allow
exists, only usernames mentioned in it are allowed to use at. If
/etc/at.allow
does not exist,
/etc/at.deny
is checked, every username not mentioned in it is then allowed to use at. An empty
/etc/at.deny
means that every user may use at. If neither file exists, only the superuser is allowed
to use at.
On many systems, only the system administrator is authorized to schedule
at
jobs. Using the
at.allow
file to control who can run
at
jobs enforces this policy. It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list.
In a deny list, you could potentially add a user ID to the system and forget to add
it to the deny files.
- IF -
at is installed on the system:
Run the following script to:
- /etc/at.allow
:
- Create the file if it doesn't exist
-
Change owner or user
root
-
If group
daemon
exists, change to group
daemon
, else change group to
root
-
Change mode to
640
or more restrictive
- - IF -/etc/at.deny
exists:
-
Change owner or user
root
-
If group
daemon
exists, change to group
daemon
, else change group to
root
-
Change mode to
640
or more restrictive
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
grep -Pq -- '^daemon\b' /etc/group && l_group="daemon" || l_group="root"
[ ! -e "/etc/at.allow" ] && touch /etc/at.allow
chown root:"$l_group" /etc/at.allow
chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/at.allow
[ -e "/etc/at.deny" ] && chown root:"$l_group" /etc/at.deny
[ -e "/etc/at.deny" ] && chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/at.deny
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/at.allow exists and unknown test |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'at' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4.2.1_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671283"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671283">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671283"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/at.allow exists and unknown test</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671285"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671285">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671285"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'at' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671286_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671288_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671290_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/at.allow" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671292_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671294_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671296_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/at.deny" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
3 Network
This section provides guidance on for securing the network configuration of the system
3.1 Configure Network Devices
To reduce the attack surface of a system, unused devices should be disabled.
Note:
This should not be considered a comprehensive list, you may wish to consider additions
to those listed here for your environment.
Manual3.1.1 Ensure IPv6 status is identified
Description:
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of Internet Protocol
(IP). It's designed to supply IP addressing and additional security to support the
predicted growth of connected devices. IPv6 is based on 128-bit addressing and can
support 340 undecillion, which is 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
unique addresses.
Features of IPv6
- Hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure
- Statefull and Stateless configuration
- Support for quality of service (QoS)
- An ideal protocol for neighboring node interaction
IETF RFC 4038 recommends that applications are built with an assumption of dual stack.
It is recommended that IPv6 be enabled and configured in accordance with Benchmark
recommendations.
- IF -
dual stack and IPv6 are not used in your environment, IPv6 may be disabled to reduce
the attack surface of the system, and recommendations pertaining to IPv6 can be skipped.
Note:
It is recommended that IPv6 be enabled and configured unless this is against local
site policy
Enable or disable IPv6 in accordance with system requirements and local site policy
Impact:
IETF RFC 4038 recommends that applications are built with an assumption of dual stack.
When enabled, IPv6 will require additional configuration to reduce risk to the system.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - IPv6 is enabled on the system
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Ensure_IPv6_status_is_identified"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.1.2 Ensure wireless interfaces are disabled
Description:
Wireless networking is used when wired networks are unavailable.
- IF -
wireless is not to be used, wireless devices can be disabled to reduce the potential
attack surface.
Run the following script to disable any wireless interfaces:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
module_fix()
{
if ! modprobe -n -v "$l_mname" | grep -P -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)'; then
echo -e " - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be un-loadable"
echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mname".conf
fi
if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo -e " - unloading module \"$l_mname\""
modprobe -r "$l_mname"
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mname\b" /etc/modprobe.d/*; then
echo -e " - deny listing \"$l_mname\""
echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mname".conf
fi
}
if [ -n "$(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless)" ]; then
l_dname=$(for driverdir in $(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless | xargs
-0 dirname); do basename "$(readlink -f "$driverdir"/device/driver/module)";done |
sort -u)
for l_mname in $l_dname; do
module_fix
done
fi
}
Impact:
Many if not all laptop workstations and some desktop workstations will connect via
wireless requiring these interfaces be enabled.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - System has no wireless NICs installed
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/15/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/15/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - System has no wireless NICs installed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - System has no wireless NICs installed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 15: Wireless Access Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of
wireless local area networks (WLANs), access points, and wireless client systems. |
| Subcontrol: |
15.4 |
| Label: |
Disable Wireless Access on Devices if Not Required |
| Description: |
Disable wireless access on devices that do not have a business purpose for wireless
access. |
- Control 15: Wireless Access Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of
wireless local area networks (WLANs), access points, and wireless client systems. |
| Subcontrol: |
15.5 |
| Label: |
Limit Wireless Access on Client Devices |
| Description: |
Configure wireless access on client machines that do have an essential wireless business
purpose, to allow access only to authorized wireless networks and to restrict access
to other wireless networks. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.1.3 Ensure bluetooth services are not in use
Description:
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging
data between devices over short distances. It employs UHF radio waves in the ISM bands,
from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz. It is mainly used as an alternative to wire connections.
An attacker may be able to find a way to access or corrupt your data. One example
of this type of activity is
bluesnarfing
, which refers to attackers using a Bluetooth connection to steal information off
of your Bluetooth device. Also, viruses or other malicious code can take advantage
of Bluetooth technology to infect other devices. If you are infected, your data may
be corrupted, compromised, stolen, or lost.
Run the following commands to stop
bluetooth.service
, and remove the
bluez
package:
# systemctl stop bluetooth.service
# dnf remove bluez
- OR -
- IF -
the
bluez
package is required as a dependency:
Run the following commands to stop and mask
bluetooth.service
:
# systemctl stop bluetooth.service
# systemctl mask bluetooth.service
Note:
A reboot may be required
Impact:
Many personal electronic devices (PEDs) use Bluetooth technology. For example, you
may be able to operate your computer with a wireless keyboard. Disabling Bluetooth
will prevent these devices from connecting to the system.
There may be packages that are dependent on the
bluez
package. If the
bluez
package is removed, these dependent packages will be removed as well. Before removing
the
bluez
package, review any dependent packages to determine if they are required on the system.
- IF -
a dependent package is required: stop and mask
bluetooth.service
leaving the
bluez
package installed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'bluetooth.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
bluetooth.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'bluetooth.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
bluetooth.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'bluez' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.3_Ensure_bluetooth_services_are_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670685"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670685_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670685"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670685">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670685"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'bluetooth.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>bluetooth.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670689"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670689_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670689"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670689">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670689"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'bluetooth.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>bluetooth.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670691"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670691">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670691"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'bluez' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
3.2 Configure Network Kernel Modules
The Linux kernel modules support several network protocols that are not commonly used.
If these protocols are not needed, it is recommended that they be disabled in the
kernel.
Note:
This should not be considered a comprehensive list of uncommon network protocols,
you may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.
Pass3.2.1 Ensure dccp kernel module is not available
Description:
The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a transport layer protocol that
supports streaming media and telephony. DCCP provides a way to gain access to congestion
control, without having to do it at the application layer, but does not provide in-sequence
delivery.
- IF -
the protocol is not required, it is recommended that the drivers not be installed
to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
dccp
module:
- IF -
the
dccp
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install dccp /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist dccp
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r dccp 2>/dev/null; rmmod dccp 2>/dev/null
to remove
dccp
from the kernel
- IF -
the
dccp
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="dccp" # set module name
l_mod_type="net" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "dccp" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_dccp_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670698_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "dccp" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "dccp" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.2.2 Ensure tipc kernel module is not available
Description:
The Transparent Inter-Process Communication (TIPC) protocol is designed to provide
communication between cluster nodes.
- IF -
the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded,
disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
tipc
module:
- IF -
the
tipc
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install tipc /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist tipc
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r tipc 2>/dev/null; rmmod tipc 2>/dev/null
to remove
tipc
from the kernel
- IF -
the
tipc
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="tipc" # set module name
l_mod_type="net" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- -- INFO --
- - module: "tipc" exists in:
- - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "tipc" is not loaded
- - kernel module: "tipc" is not loadable
- - kernel module: "tipc" is deny listed
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_tipc_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670704_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l/>
<l> -- INFO --</l>
<l> - module: "tipc" exists in:</l>
<l> - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "tipc" is not loaded</l>
<l> - kernel module: "tipc" is not loadable</l>
<l> - kernel module: "tipc" is deny listed</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li/>
<li> -- INFO --</li>
<li> - module: "tipc" exists in:</li>
<li> - "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "tipc" is not loaded</li>
<li> - kernel module: "tipc" is not loadable</li>
<li> - kernel module: "tipc" is deny listed</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.2.3 Ensure rds kernel module is not available
Description:
The Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol is a transport layer protocol designed
to provide low-latency, high-bandwidth communications between cluster nodes. It was
developed by the Oracle Corporation.
- IF -
the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded,
disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
rds
module:
- IF -
the
rds
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install rds /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist rds
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r rds 2>/dev/null; rmmod rds 2>/dev/null
to remove
rds
from the kernel
- IF -
the
rds
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="rds" # set module name
l_mod_type="net" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "rds" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.3_Ensure_rds_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670711_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "rds" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "rds" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.2.4 Ensure sctp kernel module is not available
Description:
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol used
to support message oriented communication, with several streams of messages in one
connection. It serves a similar function as TCP and UDP, incorporating features of
both. It is message-oriented like UDP, and ensures reliable in-sequence transport
of messages with congestion control like TCP.
- IF -
the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded,
disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.
Run the following script to unload and disable the
sctp
module:
- IF -
the
sctp
kernel module is available in ANY installed kernel:
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
install sctp /bin/false
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Create a file ending in
.conf
with
blacklist sctp
in the
/etc/modprobe.d/
directory
-
Run
modprobe -r sctp 2>/dev/null; rmmod sctp 2>/dev/null
to remove
sctp
from the kernel
- IF -
the
sctp
kernel module is not available on the system, or pre-compiled into the kernel, no
remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
unset a_output2; l_output3="" l_dl="" # unset arrays and clear variables
l_mod_name="sctp" # set module name
l_mod_type="net" # set module type
l_mod_path="$(readlink -f /lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mod_type | sort -u)"
f_module_fix()
{
l_dl="y" # Set to ignore duplicate checks
a_showconfig=() # Create array with modprobe output
while IFS= read -r l_showconfig; do
a_showconfig+=("$l_showconfig")
done < <(modprobe --showconfig | grep -P -- '\b(install|blacklist)\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b')
if lsmod | grep "$l_mod_name" &> /dev/null; then # Check if the module is currently
loaded
a_output2+=(" - unloading kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
modprobe -r "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null; rmmod "$l_mod_name" 2>/dev/null
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\binstall\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\h+\/bin\/(true|false)\b' <<<
"${a_showconfig[*]}"; then
a_output2+=(" - setting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" to \"/bin/false\"")
printf '%s\n' "install $l_mod_name /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- '\bblacklist\h+'"${l_mod_name//-/_}"'\b' <<< "${a_showconfig[*]}";
then
a_output2+=(" - denylisting kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\"")
printf '%s\n' "blacklist $l_mod_name" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mod_name".conf
fi
}
for l_mod_base_directory in $l_mod_path; do # Check if the module exists on the system
if [ -d "$l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/}" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mod_base_directory/${l_mod_name/-/\/})"
]; then
l_output3="$l_output3\n - \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
[[ "$l_mod_name" =~ overlay ]] && l_mod_name="${l_mod_name::-2}"
[ "$l_dl" != "y" ] && f_module_fix
else
echo -e " - kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mod_base_directory\""
fi
done
[ -n "$l_output3" ] && echo -e "\n\n -- INFO --\n - module: \"$l_mod_name\" exists
in:$l_output3"
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "${a_output2[@]}"
echo -e "\n - remediation of kernel module: \"$l_mod_name\" complete\n"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - kernel module: "sctp" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.4_Ensure_sctp_kernel_module_is_not_available"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.350+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670717_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - kernel module: "sctp" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_module_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - kernel module: "sctp" doesn't exist in "/usr/lib/modules/5.14.0-427.20.1.el9_4.x86_64/kernel/net"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
3.3 Configure Network Kernel Parameters
The following network parameters are intended for use on both host only and router
systems. A system acts as a router if it has at least two interfaces and is configured
to perform routing functions.
Notes:
-
sysctl settings are defined through files in
/usr/local/lib
, /usr/lib/
, /lib/
, /run/
, and
/etc/
-
Files are typically placed in the
sysctl.d
directory within the parent directory
-
The paths where sysctl preload files usually exist
- /run/sysctl.d/*.conf
- /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf
- /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
- /usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
- /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
- /etc/sysctl.conf
-
Files must have the "
.conf
" extension
-
Vendors settings usually live in
/usr/lib/
or /usr/local/lib/
-
To override a whole file, create a new file with the same name in
/etc/sysctl.d/
and put new settings there.
-
To override only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later name in
/etc/sysctl.d/
and put new settings there.
-
The command
/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl --cat-config
produces output containing The system's loaded kernel parameters and the files they're
configured in:
- Entries listed latter in the file take precedence over the same settings listed earlier
in the file
- Files containing kernel parameters that are over-ridden by other files with the same
name will not be listed
- On systems running UncomplicatedFirewall, the kernel parameters may be set or over-written.
This will not be visible in the output of the command
-
On systems with Uncomplicated Firewall, additional settings may be configured in
/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf
-
The settings in
/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf
will override settings other settings and
will not
be visible in the output of the
/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl --cat-config
command
-
This behavior can be changed by updating the
IPT_SYSCTL
parameter in
/etc/default/ufw
The system's loaded kernel parameters and the files they're configured in can be viewed
by running the following command:
# /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl --cat-config
Pass3.3.1 Ensure ip forwarding is disabled
Description:
The net.ipv4.ip_forward
and net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding
flags are used to tell the system whether it can forward packets or not.
Setting
net.ipv4.ip_forward
and net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding
to 0
ensures that a system with multiple interfaces (for example, a hard proxy), will never
be able to forward packets, and therefore, never serve as a router.
Set the following parameter in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
- IF -
IPv6 is enabled on the system:
Set the following parameter in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv6_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=0
sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Impact:
IP forwarding is required on systems configured to act as a router. If these parameters
are disabled, the system will not be able to perform as a router.
Many Cloud Service Provider (CSP) hosted systems require IP forwarding to be enabled.
If the system is running on a CSP platform, this requirement should be reviewed before
disabling IP forwarding.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_ip_forwarding_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670725_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670731_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.3.2 Ensure packet redirect sending is disabled
Description:
ICMP Redirects are used to send routing information to other hosts. As a host itself
does not act as a router (in a host only configuration), there is no need to send
redirects.
An attacker could use a compromised host to send invalid ICMP redirects to other router
devices in an attempt to corrupt routing and have users access a system set up by
the attacker as opposed to a valid system.
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
- net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0" "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
= 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Impact:
IP forwarding is required on systems configured to act as a router. If these parameters
are disabled, the system will not be able to perform as a router.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670738_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670740_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.3.3 Ensure bogus icmp responses are ignored
Description:
Setting
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
to 1
prevents the kernel from logging bogus responses (RFC-1122 non-compliant) from broadcast
reframes, keeping file systems from filling up with useless log messages.
Some routers (and some attackers) will send responses that violate RFC-1122 and attempt
to fill up a log file system with many useless error messages.
Set the following parameter in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in the running
configuration
- - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_bogus_icmp_responses_are_ignored"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670750_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.3.4 Ensure broadcast icmp requests are ignored
Description:
Setting
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
to 1
will cause the system to ignore all ICMP echo and timestamp requests to broadcast
and multicast addresses.
Accepting ICMP echo and timestamp requests with broadcast or multicast destinations
for your network could be used to trick your host into starting (or participating)
in a Smurf attack. A Smurf attack relies on an attacker sending large amounts of ICMP
broadcast messages with a spoofed source address. All hosts receiving this message
and responding would send echo-reply messages back to the spoofed address, which is
probably not routable. If many hosts respond to the packets, the amount of traffic
on the network could be significantly multiplied.
Set the following parameter in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_broadcast_icmp_requests_are_ignored"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670757_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail3.3.5 Ensure icmp redirects are not accepted
Description:
ICMP redirect messages are packets that convey routing information and tell your host
(acting as a router) to send packets via an alternate path. It is a way of allowing
an outside routing device to update your system routing tables.
ICMP redirect messages are packets that convey routing information and tell your host
(acting as a router) to send packets via an alternate path. It is a way of allowing
an outside routing device to update your system routing tables. By setting
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
, net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
, net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects
, and
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects
to 0
, the system will not accept any ICMP redirect messages, and therefore, won't allow
outsiders to update the system's routing tables.
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
- net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0" "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
= 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
- IF -
IPv6 is enabled on the system:
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
- net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0" "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects
= 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv6_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running
configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration
and should have a value of: "0"
- - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is not set in an included file
- ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored
by load procedure **
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running
configuration and should have a value of: "0"
- - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is not set in an included file
- ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored
by load procedure **
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_icmp_redirects_are_not_accepted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670763_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670767_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670770_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is not set in an included file</l>
<l> ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is not set in an included file</li>
<li> ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670776_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is not set in an included file</l>
<l> ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is not set in an included file</li>
<li> ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.3.6 Ensure secure icmp redirects are not accepted
Description:
Secure ICMP redirects are the same as ICMP redirects, except they come from gateways
listed on the default gateway list. It is assumed that these gateways are known to
your system, and that they are likely to be secure.
It is still possible for even known gateways to be compromised. Setting
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
and net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
to 0
protects the system from routing table updates by possibly compromised known gateways.
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
- net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0" "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
= 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running
configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_secure_icmp_redirects_are_not_accepted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670782_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670788_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.3.7 Ensure reverse path filtering is enabled
Description:
Setting
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
and net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
to 1
forces the Linux kernel to utilize reverse path filtering on a received packet to
determine if the packet was valid. Essentially, with reverse path filtering, if the
return packet does not go out the same interface that the corresponding source packet
came from, the packet is dropped (and logged if
log_martians
is set).
Setting
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
and net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
to 1
is a good way to deter attackers from sending your system bogus packets that cannot
be responded to. One instance where this feature breaks down is if asymmetrical routing
is employed. This would occur when using dynamic routing protocols (bgp, ospf, etc)
on your system. If you are using asymmetrical routing on your system, you will not
be able to enable this feature without breaking the routing.
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
- net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1" "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
= 1" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Impact:
If you are using asymmetrical routing on your system, you will not be able to enable
this feature without breaking the routing.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_reverse_path_filtering_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670794_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670798_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail3.3.8 Ensure source routed packets are not accepted
Description:
In networking, source routing allows a sender to partially or fully specify the route
packets take through a network. In contrast, non-source routed packets travel a path
determined by routers in the network. In some cases, systems may not be routable or
reachable from some locations (e.g. private addresses vs. Internet routable), and
so source routed packets would need to be used.
Setting
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
, net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
, net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route
and net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route
to 0
disables the system from accepting source routed packets. Assume this system was capable
of routing packets to Internet routable addresses on one interface and private addresses
on another interface. Assume that the private addresses were not routable to the Internet
routable addresses and vice versa. Under normal routing circumstances, an attacker
from the Internet routable addresses could not use the system as a way to reach the
private address systems. If, however, source routed packets were allowed, they could
be used to gain access to the private address systems as the route could be specified,
rather than rely on routing protocols that did not allow this routing.
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
- net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0" "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
= 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
- IF -
IPv6 is enabled on the system:
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
- net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0" "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route
= 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv6_sysctl.conf
Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running
configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running
configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file
- ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored
by load procedure **
- - Correctly set:
- - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running
configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file
- ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's
ignored by load procedure **
- - Correctly set:
- - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running
configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670804_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670810_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670814_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</l>
<l> ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
<l/>
<l/>
<l/>
<l>- Correctly set:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</li>
<li> ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
<li/>
<li/>
<li/>
<li>- Correctly set:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670821_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</l>
<l> ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
<l/>
<l/>
<l/>
<l>- Correctly set:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</li>
<li> ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
<li/>
<li/>
<li/>
<li>- Correctly set:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.3.9 Ensure suspicious packets are logged
Description:
When enabled, this feature logs packets with un-routable source addresses to the kernel
log.
Setting
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
and net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
to 1
enables this feature. Logging these packets allows an administrator to investigate
the possibility that an attacker is sending spoofed packets to their system.
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
- net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1" "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
= 1" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670827_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670833_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass3.3.10 Ensure tcp syn cookies is enabled
Description:
When tcp_syncookies
is set, the kernel will handle TCP SYN packets normally until the half-open connection
queue is full, at which time, the SYN cookie functionality kicks in. SYN cookies work
by not using the SYN queue at all. Instead, the kernel simply replies to the SYN with
a SYN/ACK, but will include a specially crafted TCP sequence number that encodes the
source and destination IP address and port number and the time the packet was sent.
A legitimate connection would send the ACK packet of the three way handshake with
the specially crafted sequence number. This allows the system to verify that it has
received a valid response to a SYN cookie and allow the connection, even though there
is no corresponding SYN in the queue.
Attackers use SYN flood attacks to perform a denial of service attacked on a system
by sending many SYN packets without completing the three way handshake. This will
quickly use up slots in the kernel's half-open connection queue and prevent legitimate
connections from succeeding. Setting
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
to 1
enables SYN cookies, allowing the system to keep accepting valid connections, even
if under a denial of service attack.
Set the following parameter in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.10_Ensure_tcp_syn_cookies_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670840_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass3.3.11 Ensure ipv6 router advertisements are not accepted
Description:
Routers periodically multicast Router Advertisement messages to announce their availability
and convey information to neighboring nodes that enable them to be automatically configured
on the network.
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra
and net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra
determine the systems ability to accept these advertisements
It is recommended that systems do not accept router advertisements as they could be
tricked into routing traffic to compromised machines. Setting hard routes within the
system (usually a single default route to a trusted router) protects the system from
bad routes. Setting
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra
and net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra
to 0
disables the system's ability to accept IPv6 router advertisements.
- IF -
IPv6 is enabled on the system:
Set the following parameters in
/etc/sysctl.conf
or a file in
/etc/sysctl.d/
ending in
.conf
:
- net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
- net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0" "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra
= 0" >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv6_sysctl.conf
Run the following script to set the active kernel parameters:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra=0
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra=0
sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1
}
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, these
settings will be overwritten
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
- - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.11_Ensure_ipv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670849_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670854_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
<l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
<li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/sysctl.d/61-CIS-Network.conf"</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
4 Host Based Firewall
A Host Based Firewall, on a Linux system, is a set of rules used to protect machines
from any unwanted traffic from outside. It enables users to
control incoming network traffic on host machines by defining a set of firewall rules.
These rules are used to sort the incoming traffic and either block it or allow it
through.
In order to configure firewall rules a firewall utility needs to be installed. Guidance
has been included for the following firewall utilities:
-
firewallD
: the firewalld utility can be used for simple firewall use cases. The firewalld utility
is easy to use and covers typical use cases.
-
nftables
: the nftables utility is often used to set up complex and performance-critical firewalls,
such as a whole network.
Only one
method should be used to configure a firewall on the system. Use of more than one
method could produce unexpected results.
Note:
- This section is intended only to ensure the resulting firewall rules are in place,
not how they are configured.
-
The ipset
and iptables-nft
packages have been deprecated in Fedora 34 based Linux distributions. This includes
deprecation of nft-variants such as
iptables
, ip6tables
, arptables
, and ebtables
utilities. If you are using any of these tools, for example, because you upgraded
from an earlier version, we recommend migrating to the nft command line tool provided
by the nftables
package.
- firewalld
with nftables
backend does not support passing custom
nftables
rules to firewalld
, using the --direct
option.
- Allow port 22(ssh) needs to be updated to only allow systems requiring ssh connectivity
to connect, as per site policy.
4.1 Configure a firewall utility
In order to configure firewall rules a firewall utility needs to be installed either
nftables
or firewalld
(with default nftables backend).
Only one
method should be used to configure a firewall on the system. Use of more than one
method could produce unexpected results.
Note:
- IPTables are deprecated in this release, and not covered in this Benchmark. If your
firewall configuration still uses iptables rules, you should migrate your iptables
rules to nftables.
- Allow port 22(ssh) needs to be updated to only allow systems requiring ssh connectivity
to connect, as per site policy.
Fail4.1.1 Ensure nftables is installed
Description:
nftables provides a new in-kernel packet classification framework that is based on
a network-specific Virtual Machine (VM) and a new nft userspace command line tool.
nftables reuses the existing Netfilter subsystems such as the existing hook infrastructure,
the connection tracking system, NAT, userspace queuing and logging subsystem.
nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel that can protect against threats originating
from within a corporate network to include malicious mobile code and poorly configured
software on a host.
Run the following command to install
nftables
# dnf install nftables
Impact:
Changing firewall settings while connected over the network can result in being locked
out of the system.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670795"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670795">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670795"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.4 |
| Label: |
Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering |
| Description: |
Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny
rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations
include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail4.1.2 Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use
Description:
In Linux security, employing a single, effective firewall configuration utility is
crucial. Firewalls act as digital gatekeepers by filtering network traffic based on
rules. Proper firewall configurations ensure that only legitimate traffic gets processed,
reducing the system’s exposure to potential threats. The choice between FirewallD
and NFTables depends on organizational specific needs:
FirewallD
- Is a firewall service daemon that provides a dynamic customizable host-based firewall
with a D-Bus interface. Being dynamic, it enables creating, changing, and deleting
the rules without the necessity to restart the firewall daemon each time the rules
are changed.
NFTables
- Includes the nft utility for configuration of the nftables subsystem of the Linux
kernel.
Notes:
-
firewalld with nftables backend does not support passing custom nftables rules to
firewalld, using the
--direct
option.
- In order to configure firewall rules for nftables, a firewall utility needs to be
installed and active of the system. The use of more than one firewall utility may
produce unexpected results.
- Allow port 22(ssh) needs to be updated to only allow systems requiring ssh connectivity
to connect, as per site policy.
Proper configuration of a single firewall utility minimizes cyber threats and protects
services and data, while avoiding vulnerabilities like open ports or exposed services.
Standardizing on a single tool simplifies management, reduces errors, and fortifies
security across Linux systems.
Run the following script to ensure that a single firewall utility is in use on the
system:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_fwd_status="" l_nft_status="" l_fwutil_status=""
# Determine FirewallD utility Status
rpm -q firewalld > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_fwd_status="$(systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service):$(systemctl
is-active firewalld.service)"
# Determine NFTables utility Status
rpm -q nftables > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_nft_status="$(systemctl is-enabled nftables.service):$(systemctl
is-active nftables.service)"
l_fwutil_status="$l_fwd_status:$l_nft_status"
case $l_fwutil_status in
enabled:active:masked:inactive|enabled:active:disabled:inactive)
echo -e "\n - FirewallD utility is in use, enabled and active\n - NFTables utility
is correctly disabled or masked and inactive\n - no remediation required" ;;
masked:inactive:enabled:active|disabled:inactive:enabled:active)
echo -e "\n - NFTables utility is in use, enabled and active\n - FirewallD utility
is correctly disabled or masked and inactive\n - no remediation required" ;;
enabled:active:enabled:active)
echo -e "\n - Both FirewallD and NFTables utilities are enabled and active\n - stopping
and masking NFTables utility"
systemctl stop nftables && systemctl --now mask nftables ;;
enabled:*:enabled:*)
echo -e "\n - Both FirewallD and NFTables utilities are enabled\n - remediating"
if [ "$(awk -F: '{print $2}' <<< "$l_fwutil_status")" = "active" ] && [ "$(awk -F:
'{print $4}' <<< "$l_fwutil_status")" = "inactive" ]; then
echo " - masking NFTables utility"
systemctl stop nftables && systemctl --now mask nftables
elif [ "$(awk -F: '{print $4}' <<< "$l_fwutil_status")" = "active" ] && [ "$(awk -F:
'{print $2}' <<< "$l_fwutil_status")" = "inactive" ]; then
echo " - masking FirewallD utility"
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl --now mask firewalld
fi ;;
*:active:*:active)
echo -e "\n - Both FirewallD and NFTables utilities are active\n - remediating"
if [ "$(awk -F: '{print $1}' <<< "$l_fwutil_status")" = "enabled" ] && [ "$(awk -F:
'{print $3}' <<< "$l_fwutil_status")" != "enabled" ]; then
echo " - stopping and masking NFTables utility"
systemctl stop nftables && systemctl --now mask nftables
elif [ "$(awk -F: '{print $3}' <<< "$l_fwutil_status")" = "enabled" ] && [ "$(awk
-F: '{print $1}' <<< "$l_fwutil_status")" != "enabled" ]; then
echo " - stopping and masking FirewallD utility"
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl --now mask firewalld
fi ;;
:enabled:active)
echo -e "\n - NFTables utility is in use, enabled, and active\n - FirewallD package
is not installed\n - no remediation required" ;;
:)
echo -e "\n - Neither FirewallD or NFTables is installed.\n - remediating\n - installing
NFTables"
echo -e "\n - Configure only ONE firewall either NFTables OR Firewalld and follow
the according subsection to complete this remediation process"
dnf -q install nftables ;;
*:*:)
echo -e "\n - NFTables package is not installed on the system\n - remediating\n -
installing NFTables"
echo -e "\n - Configure only ONE firewall either NFTables OR Firewalld and follow
the according subsection to complete this remediation process"
dnf -q install nftables ;;
*)
echo -e "\n - Unable to determine firewall state"
echo -e "\n - MANUAL REMEDIATION REQUIRED: Configure only ONE firewall either NFTables
OR Firewalld" ;;
esac
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
firewalld.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
firewalld.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'nftables.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
nftables.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'nftables.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'masked' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
nftables.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'nftables.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
nftables.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'nftables.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
nftables.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
firewalld.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'masked' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
firewalld.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2_Ensure_a_single_firewall_configuration_utility_is_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/index</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670806"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670806_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670806"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670806">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670806"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>firewalld.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670811"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670811_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670811"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670811">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670811"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>firewalld.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670817"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670817_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670817"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670817">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670817"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'nftables.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nftables.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670823"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670823_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670823"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670823">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670823"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'nftables.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'masked'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nftables.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670829"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670829_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670829"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670829">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670829"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'nftables.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nftables.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670834"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670834_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670834"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670834">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670834"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'nftables.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>nftables.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670842"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670842_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670842"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670842">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670842"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>firewalld.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670846"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670846_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670846"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670846">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670846"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'masked'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>firewalld.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/index
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.4 |
| Label: |
Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering |
| Description: |
Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny
rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations
include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.5 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices,
with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that
are explicitly allowed. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
4.2 Configure FirewallD
firewalld
uses the concepts of zones and services, that simplify the traffic management. Zones
are
predefined sets of rules that cover all necessary settings to allow or deny incoming
traffic for a specific service and zone.
Important:
Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often
result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration
set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that
is then run and tested before saving to boot.
Warning:Only one method should be used to configure a firewall on the system. Use of more
than one method could produce unexpected results.
Note:- IF -nftables
is being used this subsection should be skipped.
The following example will create a
firewalld
zone called securezone
to implement the firewall rules of this section leveraging the firewalld utility included
with the firewalld package. This example will open port 22(ssh) from anywhere. Opening
service SSH
should be updated in accordance with local site policy. If another name for the zone
is preferred, replace
securezone
with the name to be used.
Sample securezone zone xml file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<zone target="DROP">
description:For use with CIS Linux Benchmark. You do not trust the other computers on networks
to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
<service name="ssh"/>
<service name="dhcpv6-client"/>
<icmp-block name="destination-unreachable"/>
<icmp-block name="packet-too-big"/>
<icmp-block name="time-exceeded"/>
<icmp-block name="parameter-problem"/>
<icmp-block name="neighbour-advertisement"/>
<icmp-block name="neighbour-solicitation"/>
<icmp-block name="router-advertisement"/>
<icmp-block name="router-solicitation"/>
<rule family="ipv4">
<source address="127.0.0.1"/>
<destination address="127.0.0.1" invert="True"/>
<drop/>
</rule>
<rule family="ipv6">
<source address="::1"/>
<destination address="::1" invert="True"/>
<drop/>
</rule>
<icmp-block-inversion/>
</zone>
Note:
To use this zone, save this as
/etc/firewalld/zones/securezone.xml
and run the following commands:
# firewall-cmd --reload
# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=securezone --change-interface={NAME OF NETWORK INTERFACE}
Manual4.2.1 Ensure firewalld drops unnecessary services and ports
Description:
Services and ports can be accepted or explicitly rejected or dropped by a zone.
For every zone, you can set a default behavior that handles incoming traffic that
is not further specified. Such behavior is defined by setting the target of the zone.
There are three options - default, ACCEPT, REJECT, and DROP.
- ACCEPT - you accept all incoming packets except those disabled by a specific rule.
- REJECT - you disable all incoming packets except those that you have allowed in specific
rules and the source machine is informed about the rejection.
- DROP - you disable all incoming packets except those that you have allowed in specific
rules and no information sent to the source machine.
Note:
- - IF -NFTables
is being used, this recommendation can be skipped.
- Allow port 22(ssh) needs to be updated to only allow systems requiring ssh connectivity
to connect, as per site policy.
To reduce the attack surface of a system, all services and ports should be blocked
unless required
If Firewalld is in use on the system:
Run the following command to remove an unnecessary service:
# firewall-cmd --remove-service=<service>
Example:
# firewall-cmd --remove-service=cockpit
Run the following command to remove an unnecessary port:
# firewall-cmd --remove-port=<port-number>/<port-type>
Example:
# firewall-cmd --remove-port=25/tcp
Run the following command to make new settings persistent:
# firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1_Ensure_firewalld_drops_unnecessary_services_and_ports"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">firewalld.service(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: firewalld.service(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.4 |
| Label: |
Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering |
| Description: |
Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny
rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations
include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail4.2.2 Ensure firewalld loopback traffic is configured
Description:
Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces
to deny traffic to the loopback network
Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical
to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback
network traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this
network as an anti-spoofing measure.
Run the following script to implement the loopback rules:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{ l_hbfw=""
if systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service | grep -q 'enabled'; then
echo -e "\n - FirewallD is in use on the system" && l_hbfw="fwd"
elif systemctl is-enabled nftables.service 2>/dev/null | grep -q 'enabled'; then
echo -e "\n - nftables is in use on the system \n - Recommendation is NA \n - Remediation
Complete" && l_hbfw="nft"
fi
if [ "$l_hbfw" = "fwd" ]; then
l_ipsaddr="$(nft list ruleset | awk '/filter_IN_public_deny|hook\s+input\s+/,/\}\s*(#.*)?$/'
| grep -P -- 'ip\h+saddr')"
if ! nft list ruleset | awk '/hook\s+input\s+/,/\}\s*(#.*)?$/' | grep -Pq -- '\H+\h+"lo"\h+accept';
then
echo -e "\n - Enabling input to accept for loopback address"
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-interface=lo
firewall-cmd --reload
else
echo -e "\n - firewalld input correctly set to accept for loopback address"
if ! grep -Pq -- 'ip\h+saddr\h+127\.0\.0\.0\/8\h+(counter\h+packets\h+\d+\h+bytes\h+\d+\h+)?drop'
<<< "$l_ipsaddr" && ! grep -Pq -- 'ip\h+daddr\h+\!\=\h+127\.0\.0\.1\h+ip\h+saddr\h+127\.0\.0\.1\h+drop'
<<< "$l_ipsaddr"; then
echo -e "\n - Setting IPv4 network traffic from loopback address to drop"
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address="127.0.0.1"
destination not address="127.0.0.1" drop'
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address="127.0.0.1"
destination not address="127.0.0.1" drop'
firewall-cmd --reload
else
echo -e "\n - firewalld correctly set IPv4 network traffic from loopback address to
drop"
fi
if grep -Pq -- '^\h*0\h*$' /sys/module/ipv6/parameters/disable; then
l_ip6saddr="$(nft list ruleset | awk '/filter_IN_public_deny|hook input/,/}/' | grep
'ip6 saddr')"
if ! grep -Pq 'ip6\h+saddr\h+::1\h+(counter\h+packets\h+\d+\h+bytes\h+\d+\h+)?drop'
<<< "$l_ip6saddr" && ! grep -Pq -- 'ip6\h+daddr\h+\!=\h+::1\h+ip6\h+saddr\h+::1\h+drop'
<<< "$l_ip6saddr"; then
echo -e "\n - Setting IPv6 network traffic from loopback address to drop"
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv6 source address="::1" destination
not address="::1" drop'
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv6 source address="::1"
destination not address="::1" drop'
firewall-cmd --reload
else
echo -e "\n - firewalld correctly set IPv6 network traffic from loopback address to
drop"
fi
fi
fi
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_fed34_ensure_firewalld_loopback_traffic_configured_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Error - Neither FirewallD or NFTables is enabled
- - Please follow recommendation: "Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is
in use"
- - Audit Result:
- *** FAIL ***
- *** FAIL *** Please follow recommendation: Ensure a single firewall configuration
utility is in use
- - Correctly set:
|
| Errors: |
- Failed to get unit file state for firewalld.service: No such file or directory
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2_Ensure_firewalld_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_firewalld_loopback_traffic_configured_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_firewalld_loopback_traffic_configured_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_fed34_ensure_firewalld_loopback_traffic_configured_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l> - Error - Neither FirewallD or NFTables is enabled</l>
<l> - Please follow recommendation: "Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use"</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** FAIL ***</l>
<l>*** FAIL *** Please follow recommendation: Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use</l>
<l/>
<l> - Correctly set:</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err>
<l>Failed to get unit file state for firewalld.service: No such file or directory</l>
</err>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_fed34_ensure_firewalld_loopback_traffic_configured_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li> - Error - Neither FirewallD or NFTables is enabled</li>
<li> - Please follow recommendation: "Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use"</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** FAIL ***</li>
<li>*** FAIL *** Please follow recommendation: Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use</li>
<li/>
<li> - Correctly set:</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>Failed to get unit file state for firewalld.service: No such file or directory</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.4 |
| Label: |
Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering |
| Description: |
Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny
rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations
include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
4.3 Configure NFTables
The nftables
framework classifies packets and it is the successor to the
iptables
, ip6tables
, arptables
, ebtables
, and ipset
utilities. The nftables
framework uses tables to store chains. The chains contain individual rules for performing
actions. The nft
utility replaces all tools from the previous packet-filtering frameworks.
Important:
Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often
result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration
set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that
is then run and tested before saving to boot.
Warning:Only one method should be used to configure a firewall on the system. Use of more
than one method could produce unexpected results.
Note:- IF -firewalld
is being used this subsection should be skipped.
The following will implement the firewall rules of this section leveraging the
nftables
utility included with the
nftables
package. This example will open ICMP, IGMP, and port 22(ssh) from anywhere. Opening
the ports for ICMP, IGMP, and port 22(ssh) needs to be updated in accordance with
local site policy. Allow port 22(ssh) should to be updated to only allow systems requiring
ssh connectivity to connect, as per site policy.
Save the script below as
/etc/nftables/nftables_rules.nft
#!/usr/sbin/nft -f
# flush nftables rulesset
flush ruleset
# Load nftables ruleset
# nftables config with inet table named filter
table inet filter {
chain input {
type filter hook input priority 0; policy drop;
# allow loopback if not forged
iif lo accept
iif != lo ip saddr 127.0.0.1/8 drop
iif != lo ip6 saddr ::1/128 drop
# allow connections made by ourselves
ip protocol tcp ct state established accept
ip protocol udp ct state established accept
ip protocol icmp ct state established accept
# allow from anywhere
ip protocol igmp accept
tcp dport ssh accept
# allow some icmp
icmpv6 type { destination-unreachable, packet-too-big, time-exceeded, parameter-problem,
mld-listener-query, mld-listener-report, mld-listener-done, nd-router-solicit, nd-router-advert,
nd-neighbor-solicit, nd-neighbor-advert, ind-neighbor-solicit, ind-neighbor-advert,
mld2-listener-report } accept
icmp type { destination-unreachable, router-advertisement, router-solicitation, time-exceeded,
parameter-problem } accept
}
chain forward {
# drop all forward
type filter hook forward priority 0; policy drop;
}
chain output {
# can omit this as its accept by default
type filter hook output priority 0; policy accept;
}
}
Run the following command to run nftables script by passing it to the nft utility:
# nft -f /etc/nftables/nftables_rules.nft
Note:
All changes in the nftables subsections are temporary
To make these changes permanent and automatically load nftables rules when the system
boots:
Add the following line to
/etc/sysconfig/nftables.conf
include "/etc/nftables/nftables_rules.nft"
Fail4.3.1 Ensure nftables base chains exist
Description:
Chains are containers for rules. They exist in two kinds, base chains and regular
chains. A base chain is an entry point for packets from the networking stack, a
regular chain may be used as jump target and is used for better rule organization.
Note:- IF -Firewalld
is in use, this recommendation can be skipped.
If a base chain doesn't exist with a hook for input, forward, and delete, packets
that would flow through those chains will not be touched by nftables.
- IF -NFTables
utility is in use on your system:
Run the following command to create the base chains:
# nft create chain inet <table name> <base chain name> { type filter hook <(input|forward|output)>
priority 0 \; }
Example:
# nft create chain inet filter input { type filter hook input priority 0 \; }
# nft create chain inet filter forward { type filter hook forward priority 0 \; }
# nft create chain inet filter output { type filter hook output priority 0 \; }
Note:
use the
add
command if the
create
command returns an error due to the chain already existing.
Impact:
If configuring over ssh,
creating
a
base chain
with a policy of
drop
will cause loss of connectivity.
Ensure that a rule allowing ssh has been added to the base chain prior to setting
the base chain's policy to drop
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nft_ruleset.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Errors: |
- /home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
|
| Script: |
sce/nft_ruleset.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Errors: |
- /home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
|
|
| Script: |
sce/nft_ruleset.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Errors: |
- /home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
|
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
firewalld.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
firewalld.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.1_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.netfilter.org/projects/nftables/manpage.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670864_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
</err>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670870_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
</err>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670875_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
</err>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670880"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670880_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670880"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670880">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670880"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>firewalld.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670885"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670885_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670885"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670885">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670885"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>firewalld.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9
- URL: https://www.netfilter.org/projects/nftables/manpage.html
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.4 |
| Label: |
Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering |
| Description: |
Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny
rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations
include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual4.3.2 Ensure nftables established connections are configured
Description:
Configure the firewall rules for new outbound and established connections
Note:- IF -Firewalld
is in use, this recommendation can be skipped.
If rules are not in place for established connections, all packets will be dropped
by the default policy preventing network usage.
- IF -NFTables
utility is in use on your system:
Configure nftables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement
a policy to allow all established connections:
# systemctl is-enabled nftables.service | grep -q 'enabled' && nft add rule inet filter
input ip protocol tcp ct state established accept
# systemctl is-enabled nftables.service | grep -q 'enabled' && nft add rule inet filter
input ip protocol udp ct state established accept
# systemctl is-enabled nftables.service | grep -q 'enabled' && nft add rule inet filter
input ip protocol icmp ct state established accept
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.2_Ensure_nftables_established_connections_are_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.351+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.4 |
| Label: |
Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering |
| Description: |
Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny
rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations
include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail4.3.3 Ensure nftables default deny firewall policy
Description:
Base chain policy is the default verdict that will be applied to packets reaching
the end of the chain.
There are two policies: accept (Default) and drop. If the policy is set to
accept
, the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied and the
packet will continue traversing the network stack.
It is easier to explicitly permit acceptable usage than to deny unacceptable usage.
Note:
- - IF -Firewalld
is in use, this recommendation can be skipped.
- Changing firewall settings while connected over the network can result in being locked
out of the system.
- IF -NFTables
utility is in use on your system:
Run the following command for the base chains with the input, forward, and output
hooks to implement a default DROP policy:
# nft chain <table family> <table name> <chain name> { policy drop \; }
Example:
# nft chain inet filter input { policy drop \; }
# nft chain inet filter forward { policy drop \; }
Impact:
If configuring nftables over ssh, creating a base chain with a policy of drop will
cause loss of connectivity.
Ensure that a rule allowing
ssh
has been added to the base chain prior to setting the base chain's policy to drop
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- "input" basechain does not have a default drop policy
|
| Errors: |
- /home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found
|
| Script: |
sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- "forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy
|
| Errors: |
- /home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found
|
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
firewalld.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
firewalld.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.3_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">Manual Page nft</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670896_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>"input" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</l>
</err>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>"input" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670900_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l>"forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
</out>
<err>
<l>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</l>
</err>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>"forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670905"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670905_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670905"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670905">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670905"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>firewalld.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670910"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670910_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670910"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670910">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670910"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'firewalld.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>firewalld.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: Manual Page nft
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.4 |
| Label: |
Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering |
| Description: |
Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny
rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations
include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail4.3.4 Ensure nftables loopback traffic is configured
Description:
Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces
to deny traffic to the loopback network
Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical
to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback
network traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this
network as an anti-spoofing measure.
Run the following script to implement the loopback rules:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{ l_hbfw=""
if systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service 2>/dev/null | grep -q 'enabled'; then
echo -e "\n - FirewallD is in use on the system\n - Recommendation is NA \n - Remediation
Complete" && l_hbfw="fwd"
elif systemctl is-enabled nftables.service | grep -q 'enabled'; then
l_hbfw="nft"
fi
if [ "$l_hbfw" = "nft" ]; then
l_ipsaddr="$(nft list ruleset | awk '/filter_IN_public_deny|hook\s+input\s+/,/\}\s*(#.*)?$/'
| grep -P -- 'ip\h+saddr')"
if ! nft list ruleset | awk '/hook\s+input\s+/,/\}\s*(#.*)?$/' | grep -Pq -- '\H+\h+"lo"\h+accept';
then
echo -e "\n - Enabling input to accept for loopback address"
nft add rule inet filter input iif lo accept
else
echo -e "\n -nftables input correctly configured to accept for loopback address"
fi
if ! grep -Pq -- 'ip\h+saddr\h+127\.0\.0\.0\/8\h+(counter\h+packets\h+\d+\h+bytes\h+\d+\h+)?drop'
<<< "$l_ipsaddr" && ! grep -Pq -- 'ip\h+daddr\h+\!\=\h+127\.0\.0\.1\h+ip\h+saddr\h+127\.0\.0\.1\h+drop'
<<< "$l_ipsaddr"; then
echo -e "\n - Setting IPv4 network traffic from loopback address to drop"
nft add rule inet filter input ip saddr 127.0.0.0/8 counter drop
else
echo -e "\n -nftables correctly configured IPv4 network traffic from loopback address
to drop"
fi
if grep -Pq -- '^\h*0\h*$' /sys/module/ipv6/parameters/disable; then
l_ip6saddr="$(nft list ruleset | awk '/filter_IN_public_deny|hook input/,/}/' | grep
'ip6 saddr')"
if ! grep -Pq 'ip6\h+saddr\h+::1\h+(counter\h+packets\h+\d+\h+bytes\h+\d+\h+)?drop'
<<< "$l_ip6saddr" && ! grep -Pq -- 'ip6\h+daddr\h+\!=\h+::1\h+ip6\h+saddr\h+::1\h+drop'
<<< "$l_ip6saddr"; then
echo -e "\n - Setting IPv6 network traffic from loopback address to drop"
nft add rule inet filter input ip6 saddr ::1 counter drop
else
echo -e "\n - nftables IPv6 network traffic from loopback address to drop"
fi
fi
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_fed34_ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_configured_ck.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Error - Neither FirewallD or NFTables is enabled
- - Please follow recommendation: "Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is
in use"
- - Audit Result:
- *** FAIL ***
- *** FAIL *** Please follow recommendation: Ensure a single firewall configuration
utility is in use
- - Correctly set:
|
| Errors: |
- Failed to get unit file state for nftables.service: No such file or directory
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.4_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_configured_ck.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_configured_ck.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_fed34_ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_configured_ck.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l> - Error - Neither FirewallD or NFTables is enabled</l>
<l> - Please follow recommendation: "Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use"</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** FAIL ***</l>
<l>*** FAIL *** Please follow recommendation: Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use</l>
<l/>
<l> - Correctly set:</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err>
<l>Failed to get unit file state for nftables.service: No such file or directory</l>
</err>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_fed34_ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_configured_ck.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li> - Error - Neither FirewallD or NFTables is enabled</li>
<li> - Please follow recommendation: "Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use"</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** FAIL ***</li>
<li>*** FAIL *** Please follow recommendation: Ensure a single firewall configuration utility is in use</li>
<li/>
<li> - Correctly set:</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Errors:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>Failed to get unit file state for nftables.service: No such file or directory</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/pdf/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/red_hat_enterprise_linux-9-configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters-en-us.pdf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.4 |
| Label: |
Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering |
| Description: |
Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny
rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers |
| Description: |
Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations
include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5 Access Control
5.1 Configure SSH Server
Secure Shell (SSH) is a secure, encrypted replacement for common login services such
as telnet
, ftp
, rlogin
, rsh
, and rcp
. It is strongly recommended that sites abandon older clear-text login protocols and
use SSH to prevent session hijacking and sniffing of sensitive data off the network.
Note:
-
The recommendations in this section only apply if the SSH daemon is installed on the
system,
if remote access is not required the SSH daemon can be removed and this section skipped
.
-
The openSSH daemon configuration directives,
Include
and Match
, may cause the audits in this section's recommendations to report incorrectly. It
is recommended that these options only be used if they're needed and fully understood.
If these options are configured in accordance with local site policy, they should
be accounted for when following the recommendations in this section.
-
The default
Include
location is the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d
directory. This default has been accounted for in this section. If a file has an additional
Include
that isn't this default location, the files should be reviewed to verify that the
recommended setting is not being over-ridden.
-
The audits of the running configuration in this section are run in the context of
the root user, the local host name, and the local host's IP address. If a
Match
block exists that matches one of these criteria, the output of the audit will be from
the match block. The respective matched criteria should be replaced with a non-matching
substitution.
- Include
:
- Include the specified configuration file(s).
- Multiple pathnames may be specified and each pathname may contain glob(7) wildcards
that will be expanded and processed in lexical order.
-
Files without absolute paths are assumed to be in
/etc/ssh/
.
- An Include directive may appear inside a Match block to perform conditional inclusion.
- Match
:
- Introduces a conditional block. If all of the criteria on the Match line are satisfied,
the keywords on the following lines override those set in the global section of the
config file, until either another Match line or the end of the file. If a keyword
appears in multiple Match blocks that are satisfied, only the first instance of the
keyword is applied.
- The arguments to Match are one or more criteria-pattern pairs or the single token
All which matches all criteria. The available criteria are User, Group, Host, LocalAddress,
LocalPort, and Address.
- The match patterns may consist of single entries or comma-separated lists and may
use the wildcard and negation operators described in the PATTERNS section of ssh_config(5).
-
The patterns in an Address criteria may additionally contain addresses to match in
CIDR address/masklen format, such as
192.0.2.0/24
or
2001:db8::/32
. Note that the mask length provided must be consistent with the address - it is
an error to specify a mask length that is too long for the address or one with bits
set in this host portion of the address. For example,
192.0.2.0/33
and
192.0.2.0/8
, respectively.
- Only a subset of keywords may be used on the lines following a Match keyword. Available
keywords are available in the ssh_config man page.
-
Once all configuration changes have been made to
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
or any included configuration files, the
sshd
configuration must be reloaded
Command to re-load the SSH daemon configuration:
# systemctl reload-or-restart sshd
Pass5.1.1 Ensure permissions on /etc/ssh/sshd_config are configured
Description:
The file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
, and files ending in
.conf
in the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d
directory, contain configuration specifications for
sshd
.
configuration specifications for
sshd
need to be protected from unauthorized changes by non-privileged users.
Run the following script to set ownership and permissions on
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
and files ending in
.conf
in the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d
directory:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
chmod u-x,og-rwx /etc/ssh/sshd_config
chown root:root /etc/ssh/sshd_config
while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do
if [ -e "$l_file" ]; then
chmod u-x,og-rwx "$l_file"
chown root:root "$l_file"
fi
done < <(find /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d -type f -print0 2>/dev/null)
}
- IF -
other locations are listed in an
Include
statement,
*.conf
files in these locations access should also be modified.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by:
"root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are mode: "600" or more
restrictive
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are owned by: "root"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are group owned by: "root"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670640_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670642_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670644_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670646_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are mode: "600" or more restrictive</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are mode: "600" or more restrictive</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670648_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are owned by: "root"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are owned by: "root"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670650_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are group owned by: "root"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d" are group owned by: "root"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670652"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670652">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670652"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.2 Ensure permissions on SSH private host key files are configured
Description:
An SSH private key is one of two files used in SSH public key authentication. In
this authentication method, the possession of the private key is proof of identity.
Only a private key that corresponds to a public key will be able to authenticate successfully.
The private keys need to be stored and handled carefully, and no copies of the private
key should be distributed.
If an unauthorized user obtains the private SSH host key file, the host could be impersonated
Run the following script to set mode, ownership, and group on the private SSH host
key files:
{
l_output="" l_output2=""
l_ssh_group_name="$(awk -F: '($1 ~ /^(ssh_keys|_?ssh)$/) {print $1}' /etc/group)"
f_file_access_fix()
{
while IFS=: read -r l_file_mode l_file_owner l_file_group; do
echo "File: \"$l_file\" mode: \"$l_file_mode\" owner \"$l_file_owner\" group \"$l_file_group\""
l_out2=""
[ "$l_file_group" = "$l_ssh_group_name" ] && l_pmask="0137" || l_pmask="0177"
l_maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_pmask )) )"
if [ $(( $l_file_mode & $l_pmask )) -gt 0 ]; then
l_out2="$l_out2\n - Mode: \"$l_file_mode\" should be mode: \"$l_maxperm\" or more
restrictive\n - updating to mode: \:$l_maxperm\""
if [ "l_file_group" = "$l_ssh_group_name" ]; then
chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx "$l_file"
else
chmod u-x,go-rwx "$l_file"
fi
fi
if [ "$l_file_owner" != "root" ]; then
l_out2="$l_out2\n - Owned by: \"$l_file_owner\" should be owned by \"root\"\n -
Changing ownership to \"root\""
chown root "$l_file"
fi
if [[ ! "$l_file_group" =~ ($l_ssh_group_name|root) ]]; then
[ -n "$l_ssh_group_name" ] && l_new_group="$l_ssh_group_name" || l_new_group="root"
l_out2="$l_out2\n - Owned by group \"$l_file_group\" should be group owned by: \"$l_ssh_group_name\"
or \"root\"\n - Changing group ownership to \"$l_new_group\""
chgrp "$l_new_group" "$l_file"
fi
if [ -n "$l_out2" ]; then
l_output2="$l_output2\n - File: \"$l_file\"$l_out2"
else
l_output="$l_output\n - File: \"$l_file\"\n - Correct: mode: \"$l_file_mode\", owner:
\"$l_file_owner\", and group owner: \"$l_file_group\" configured"
fi
done < <(stat -Lc '%#a:%U:%G' "$l_file")
}
while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do
if ssh-keygen -lf &>/dev/null "$l_file"; then
file "$l_file" | grep -Piq -- '\bopenssh\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?private\h+key\b' && f_file_access_fix
fi
done < <(find -L /etc/ssh -xdev -type f -print0 2>/dev/null)
if [ -z "$l_output2" ]; then
echo -e "\n- No access changes required\n"
else
echo -e "\n- Remediation results:\n$l_output2\n"
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"
- - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured
- - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key"
- - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured
- - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"
- - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"</l>
<l> - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured</l>
<l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key"</l>
<l> - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured</l>
<l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"</l>
<l> - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"</li>
<li> - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured</li>
<li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key"</li>
<li> - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured</li>
<li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"</li>
<li> - Correct: mode: "0640", owner: "root", and group owner: "ssh_keys" configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670656"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670656">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670656"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.3 Ensure permissions on SSH public host key files are configured
Description:
An SSH public key is one of two files used in SSH public key authentication. In this
authentication method, a public key is a key that can be used for verifying digital
signatures generated using a corresponding private key. Only a public key that corresponds
to a private key will be able to authenticate successfully.
If a public host key file is modified by an unauthorized user, the SSH service may
be compromised.
Run the following script to set mode, ownership, and group on the public SSH host
key files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_output="" l_output2=""
l_pmask="0133" && l_maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_pmask )) )"
FILE_ACCESS_FIX()
{
while IFS=: read -r l_file_mode l_file_owner l_file_group; do
l_out2=""
if [ $(( $l_file_mode & $l_pmask )) -gt 0 ]; then
l_out2="$l_out2\n - Mode: \"$l_file_mode\" should be mode: \"$l_maxperm\" or more
restrictive\n - updating to mode: \:$l_maxperm\""
chmod u-x,go-wx
fi
if [ "$l_file_owner" != "root" ]; then
l_out2="$l_out2\n - Owned by: \"$l_file_owner\" should be owned by \"root\"\n -
Changing ownership to \"root\""
chown root "$l_file"
fi
if [ "$l_file_group" != "root" ]; then
l_out2="$l_out2\n - Owned by group \"$l_file_group\" should be group owned by: \"root\"\n
- Changing group ownership to \"root\""
chgrp root "$l_file"
fi
if [ -n "$l_out2" ]; then
l_output2="$l_output2\n - File: \"$l_file\"$l_out2"
else
l_output="$l_output\n - File: \"$l_file\"\n - Correct: mode: \"$l_file_mode\", owner:
\"$l_file_owner\", and group owner: \"$l_file_group\" configured"
fi
done < <(stat -Lc '%#a:%U:%G' "$l_file")
}
while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do
if ssh-keygen -lf &>/dev/null "$l_file"; then
file "$l_file" | grep -Piq -- '\bopenssh\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?public\h+key\b' && FILE_ACCESS_FIX
fi
done < <(find -L /etc/ssh -xdev -type f -print0 2>/dev/null)
if [ -z "$l_output2" ]; then
echo -e "\n- No access changes required\n"
else
echo -e "\n- Remediation results:\n$l_output2\n"
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_ssh_public_key_access_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub"
- - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured
- - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub"
- - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured
- - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub"
- - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ssh_public_key_access_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_ssh_public_key_access_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_ssh_public_key_access_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub"</l>
<l> - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured</l>
<l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub"</l>
<l> - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured</l>
<l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub"</l>
<l> - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_ssh_public_key_access_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub"</li>
<li> - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured</li>
<li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub"</li>
<li> - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured</li>
<li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub"</li>
<li> - Correct: mode: "0644", owner: "root", and group owner: "root" configured</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670662"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670662">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670662"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.4 Ensure sshd Ciphers are configured
Description:
This variable limits the ciphers that SSH can use during communication.
Notes:
- Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved ciphers.
- Ensure that ciphers used are in compliance with site policy.
-
The only "strong" ciphers currently FIPS 140 compliant are:
Weak ciphers that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module cannot
be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and system data may be compromised.
- The Triple DES ciphers, as used in SSH, have a birthday bound of approximately four
billion blocks, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain clear text data
via a birthday attack against a long-duration encrypted session, aka a "Sweet32" attack.
- Error handling in the SSH protocol; Client and Server, when using a block cipher algorithm
in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, makes it easier for remote attackers to recover
certain plain text data from an arbitrary block of cipher text in an SSH session via
unknown vectors.
Note:
- First occurrence of an option takes precedence.
-
Though ciphers may be configured through the
Ciphers
option in the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file, it is recommended that the ciphers available to openSSH server are configured
through system-wide-crypto-policy
- If the recommendations in the subsection "Configure system wide crypto policy" have
been followed, this Audit should be in a passing state. Please review that section
before following this Remediation Procedure
-
By default, system-wide-crypto-policy is applied to the openSSH server. If the following
defaults don't exist due to modifications or upgrade from a earlier release, the system-wide-crypto-policy
may not be included by the openSSH server. It is recommended that these defaults be
restored, created, or the line
Include /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
be added before any lines containing the
Cipher
argument.
-
Defaults:
-
The file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
includes the line:
Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf
. This line must appear before any lines containing the
Cipher
argument
-
This directory
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/
includes a file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-redhat.conf
-
The file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-redhat.conf
includes the line
Include /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
-
The file
/etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
is generated by system-wide-crypto-policy
- IF -CVE-2023-48795
has been addressed, and it meets local site policy,
chacha20-poly1305
may be removed from the list of excluded ciphers.
Create or edit a file in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/
ending in
.pmod
and add or modify the the following line:
cipher@SSH = -3DES-CBC -AES-128-CBC -AES-192-CBC -AES-256-CBC -CHACHA20-POLY1305
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "# This is a subpolicy to disable weak ciphers" "# for the SSH protocol
(libssh and OpenSSH)" "cipher@SSH = -3DES-CBC -AES-128-CBC -AES-192-CBC -AES-256-CBC
-CHACHA20-POLY1305" >> /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/NO-SSHWEAKCIPHERS.pmod
Run the following command to update the system-wide cryptographic policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO_POLICY>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY1>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY2>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY3>
Example:
# update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-WEAKMAC:NO-SSHCBC:NO-SSHCHACHA20:NO-SSHWEAKCIPHERS
Run the following command to reload the openSSH server to make your cryptographic
settings effective:
# systemctl reload-or-restart sshd
- OR -
If system-wide-crypto-policy is not being used to configure available ciphers (
This is not recommended
)
Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and add/modify the
Ciphers
line to contain a comma separated list of the site unapproved (weak) Ciphers preceded
with a
-
above any
Include
entries:
Example:
Ciphers -3des-cbc,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "3des-cbc"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes128-cbc"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes192-cbc"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes256-cbc"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour128"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour256"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "blowfish-cbc"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "cast128-cbc"
- - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.4_Ensure_sshd_Ciphers_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1543</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2183</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670667_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "3des-cbc"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes128-cbc"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes192-cbc"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes256-cbc"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour128"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour256"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "blowfish-cbc"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "cast128-cbc"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "3des-cbc"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes128-cbc"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes192-cbc"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "aes256-cbc"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour128"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "arcfour256"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "blowfish-cbc"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "cast128-cbc"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ciphers" does not include: "rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670671"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670671">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670671"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1543
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2183
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161
- URL: https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv
- URL: https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.5 Ensure sshd KexAlgorithms is configured
Description:
Key exchange is any method in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exchanged
between two parties, allowing use of a cryptographic algorithm. If the sender and
receiver wish to exchange encrypted messages, each must be equipped to encrypt messages
to be sent and decrypt messages received
Notes:
- Kex algorithms have a higher preference the earlier they appear in the list
- Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved Key exchange algorithms
- Ensure that Key exchange algorithms used are in compliance with site policy
-
The only Key Exchange Algorithms currently FIPS 140 approved are:
- ecdh-sha2-nistp256
- ecdh-sha2-nistp384
- ecdh-sha2-nistp521
- diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
- diffie-hellman-group16-sha512
- diffie-hellman-group18-sha512
- diffie-hellman-group14-sha256
Key exchange methods that are considered weak should be removed. A key exchange method
may be weak because too few bits are used, or the hashing algorithm is considered
too weak. Using weak algorithms could expose connections to man-in-the-middle attacks
Note:
- First occurrence of an option takes precedence.
-
Though key_exchange may be configured through the
KexAlgorithms
option in the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file, it is recommended that the key_exchange available to openSSH server are configured
through system-wide-crypto-policy
- If the recommendations in the subsection "Configure system wide crypto policy" have
been followed, this Audit should be in a passing state. Please review that section
before following this Remediation Procedure
-
By default, system-wide-crypto-policy is applied to the openSSH server. If the following
defaults don't exist due to modifications or upgrade from a earlier release, the system-wide-crypto-policy
may not be included by the openSSH server. It is recommended that these defaults be
restored, created, or the line
Include /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
be added before any lines containing the
KexAlgorithms
argument.
-
Defaults:
-
The file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
includes the line:
Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf
. This line must appear before any lines containing the
KexAlgorithms
argument
-
This directory
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/
includes a file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-redhat.conf
-
The file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-redhat.conf
includes the line
Include /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
-
The file
/etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
is generated by system-wide-crypto-policy
Follow the Remediation Procedure in "Ensure system wide crypto policy disables sha1
hash and signature support"
This is and excerpt of the Remediation Procedure from "Ensure system wide crypto policy
disables sha1 hash and signature support":
Create or edit a file in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/
ending in
.pmod
and add or modify the following lines:
hash = -SHA1
sign = -*-SHA1
sha1_in_certs = 0
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "# This is a subpolicy dropping the SHA1 hash and signature support"
"hash = -SHA1" "sign = -*-SHA1" "sha1_in_certs = 0" >> /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/NO-SHA1.pmod
Run the following command to update the system-wide cryptographic policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO_POLICY>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY1>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY2>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY3>
Example:
# update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-WEAKMAC:NO-SSHCBC:NO-SSHCHACHA20:NO-SSHETM:NO-SSHWEAKCIPHERS
Run the following command to reload the openSSH server to make your cryptographic
settings effective:
# systemctl reload-or-restart sshd
- OR -
If system-wide-crypto-policy is not being used to configure available KexAlgorithms
(
This is not recommended
)
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file and add/modify the
KexAlgorithms
line to contain a comma separated list of the site unapproved (weak) KexAlgorithms
preceded with a
-
above any
Include
entries:
Example:
KexAlgorithms -diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group1-sha1"
- - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"
- - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.5_Ensure_sshd_KexAlgorithms_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/openssh-crypto-configuration</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670676_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group1-sha1"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group1-sha1"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "kexalgorithms" does not include: "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670678"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670678">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670678"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/openssh-crypto-configuration
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.1.6 Ensure sshd MACs are configured
Description:
This variable limits the types of MAC algorithms that SSH can use during communication.
Notes:
- Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved MACs.
- Ensure that MACs used are in compliance with site policy.
-
The only "strong" MACs currently FIPS 140 approved are:
- HMAC-SHA1
- HMAC-SHA2-256
- HMAC-SHA2-384
- HMAC-SHA2-512
MD5 and 96-bit MAC algorithms are considered weak and have been shown to increase
exploitability in SSH downgrade attacks. Weak algorithms continue to have a great
deal of attention as a weak spot that can be exploited with expanded computing power.
An attacker that breaks the algorithm could take advantage of a MiTM position to decrypt
the SSH tunnel and capture credentials and information.
Note:
- First occurrence of an option takes precedence.
-
Though MACs may be configured through the
MACs
option in the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file, it is recommended that the MACs available to openSSH server are configured through
system-wide-crypto-policy
- If the recommendations in the subsection "Configure system wide crypto policy" have
been followed, this Audit should be in a passing state. Please review that section
before following this Remediation Procedure
-
By default, system-wide-crypto-policy is applied to the openSSH server. If the following
defaults don't exist due to modifications or upgrade from a earlier release, the system-wide-crypto-policy
may not be included by the openSSH server. It is recommended that these defaults be
restored, created, or the line
Include /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
be added before any lines containing the
MACs
argument.
-
Defaults:
-
The file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
includes the line:
Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf
. This line must appear before any lines containing the
MACs
argument
-
This directory
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/
includes a file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-redhat.conf
-
The file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-redhat.conf
includes the line
Include /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
-
The file
/etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config
is generated by system-wide-crypto-policy
- IF -CVE-2023-48795
has not been reviewed and addressed, Recommendation "Ensure system wide crypto policy
disables EtM for ssh" should be followed.
Create or edit a file in
/etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/
ending in
.pmod
and add or modify the the following line:
mac@SSH = -HMAC-MD5* -UMAC-64* -UMAC-128*
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "# This is a subpolicy to disable weak MACs" "# for the SSH protocol
(libssh and OpenSSH)" "mac@SSH = -HMAC-MD5* -UMAC-64* -UMAC-128*" >> /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/NO-SSHWEAKMACS.pmod
Run the following command to update the system-wide cryptographic policy
# update-crypto-policies --set <CRYPTO_POLICY>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY1>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY2>:<CRYPTO_SUBPOLICY3>
Example:
# update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:NO-SHA1:NO-WEAKMAC:NO-SSHCBC:NO-SSHCHACHA20:NO-SSHETM:NO-SSHWEAKCIPHERS:NO-SSHWEAKMACS
Run the following command to reload the openSSH server to make your cryptographic
settings effective:
# systemctl reload-or-restart sshd
- OR -
If system-wide-crypto-policy is not being used to configure available ciphers (
This is not recommended
)
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file and add/modify the
MACs
line to contain a comma separated list of the site unapproved (weak) MACs preceded
with a
-
above any
Include
entries:
Example:
MACs -hmac-md5,hmac-md5-96,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com
- IF -CVE-2023-48795
has not been reviewed and addressed, the following
etm
MACs should be added to the exclude list:
hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com
,
hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com
,
hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - sshd parameter: "macs" incorrectly includes:
- - umac-128-etm@openssh.com
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.6_Ensure_sshd_MACs_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">More information on SSH downgrade attacks can be found here: http://www.mitls.org/pages/attacks/SLOTH</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670684_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "macs" incorrectly includes:</l>
<l> - umac-128-etm@openssh.com</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_not_match_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "macs" incorrectly includes:</li>
<li> - umac-128-etm@openssh.com</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670687"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670687">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670687"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795
- URL: More information on SSH downgrade attacks can be found here: http://www.mitls.org/pages/attacks/SLOTH
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt all sensitive information in transit. |
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.5 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Transmittal of Username and Authentication Credentials |
| Description: |
Ensure that all account usernames and authentication credentials are transmitted across
networks using encrypted channels. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.10 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport
Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH). |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.1.7 Ensure sshd access is configured
Description:
There are several options available to limit which users and group can access the
system via SSH. It is recommended that at least one of the following options be leveraged:
- AllowUsers
:
-
The
AllowUsers
variable gives the system administrator the option of allowing specific users to
ssh
into the system. The list consists of space separated user names. Numeric user IDs
are not recognized with this variable. If a system administrator wants to restrict
user access further by only allowing the allowed users to log in from a particular
host, the entry can be specified in the form of user@host.
- AllowGroups
:
-
The
AllowGroups
variable gives the system administrator the option of allowing specific groups of
users to
ssh
into the system. The list consists of space separated group names. Numeric group IDs
are not recognized with this variable.
- DenyUsers
:
-
The
DenyUsers
variable gives the system administrator the option of denying specific users to
ssh
into the system. The list consists of space separated user names. Numeric user IDs
are not recognized with this variable. If a system administrator wants to restrict
user access further by specifically denying a user's access from a particular host,
the entry can be specified in the form of user@host.
- DenyGroups
:
-
The
DenyGroups
variable gives the system administrator the option of denying specific groups of users
to
ssh
into the system. The list consists of space separated group names. Numeric group IDs
are not recognized with this variable.
Restricting which users can remotely access the system via SSH will help ensure that
only authorized users access the system.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set one or more of the parameters above any
Include
and
Match
set statements as follows:
AllowUsers <userlist>
- AND/OR -
AllowGroups <grouplist>
Note:
-
First occurrence of a option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a
.conf
file in a
Include
directory.
- Be advised
that these options are "ANDed" together. If both
AllowUsers
and
AllowGroups
are set, connections will be limited to the list of users that are also a member of
an allowed group. It is recommended that only one be set for clarity and ease of administration.
- It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list. In a deny list, you could potentially
add a user or group and forget to add it to the deny list.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - sshd parameter: "allowusers" is not configured
- - sshd parameter: "allowgroups" is not configured
- - sshd parameter: "denyusers" is not configured
- - sshd parameter: "denygroups" is not configured
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.7_Ensure_sshd_access_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670693_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "allowusers" is not configured</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "allowgroups" is not configured</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "denyusers" is not configured</l>
<l> - sshd parameter: "denygroups" is not configured</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "allowusers" is not configured</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "allowgroups" is not configured</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "denyusers" is not configured</li>
<li> - sshd parameter: "denygroups" is not configured</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670697"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670697">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670697"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts |
| Description: |
Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary
account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative
activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.8 Ensure sshd Banner is configured
Description:
The Banner
parameter specifies a file whose contents must be sent to the remote user before authentication
is permitted. By default, no banner is displayed.
Banners are used to warn connecting users of the particular site's policy regarding
connection. Presenting a warning message prior to the normal user login may assist
the prosecution of trespassers on the computer system.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
Banner
parameter above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
Banner /etc/issue.net
Note:
First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding.
If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your
environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.
Edit the file being called by the
Banner
argument with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances
of
\m
,
\r
,
\s
,
\v
or references to the
OS platform
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "Authorized users only. All activity may be monitored and reported."
> "$(sshd -T | awk '$1 == "banner" {print $2}')"
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "banner" is correctly set to: "/etc/issue.net"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Banner\h+\"?none\b' |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*Banner\h+\"?none\b' |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.8_Ensure_sshd_Banner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670705_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "banner" is correctly set to: "/etc/issue.net"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "banner" is correctly set to: "/etc/issue.net"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670714"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670714">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670714"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Banner\h+\"?none\b'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670719"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670719">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670719"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Banner\h+\"?none\b'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670708"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670708">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670708"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass5.1.9 Ensure sshd ClientAliveInterval and ClientAliveCountMax are configured
Description:
Note:
To clarify, the two settings described below are only meant for idle connections from
a protocol perspective and are not meant to check if the user is active or not. An
idle user does not mean an idle connection. SSH does not and never had, intentionally,
the capability to drop idle users. In SSH versions before
8.2p1
there was a bug that caused these values to behave in such a manner that they were
abused to disconnect idle users. This bug has been resolved in
8.2p1
and thus it can no longer be abused disconnect idle users.
The two options
ClientAliveInterval
and ClientAliveCountMax
control the timeout of SSH sessions. Taken directly from
man 5 sshd_config
:
-
ClientAliveInterval
Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has been received from the
client, sshd(8) will send a message through the encrypted channel to request a response
from the client. The default is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent
to the client.
-
ClientAliveCountMax
Sets the number of client alive messages which may be sent without sshd(8) receiving
any messages back from the client. If this threshold is reached while client alive
messages are being sent, sshd will disconnect the client, terminating the session.
It is important to note that the use of client alive messages is very different from
TCPKeepAlive. The client alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel and
therefore will not be spoofable. The TCP keepalive option en‐abled by TCPKeepAlive
is spoofable. The client alive mechanism is valuable when the client or server depend
on knowing when a connection has become unresponsive.
The default value is 3. If ClientAliveInterval is set to 15, and ClientAliveCountMax
is left at the default, unresponsive SSH clients will be disconnected after approximately
45 seconds. Setting a zero ClientAliveCountMax disables connection termination.
In order to prevent resource exhaustion, appropriate values should be set for both
ClientAliveInterval
and ClientAliveCountMax
. Specifically, looking at the source code,
ClientAliveCountMax
must be greater than zero in order to utilize the ability of SSH to drop idle connections.
If connections are allowed to stay open indefinitely, this can potentially be used
as a DDOS attack or simple resource exhaustion could occur over unreliable networks.
The example set here is a 45 second timeout. Consult your site policy for network
timeouts and apply as appropriate.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
ClientAliveInterval
and
ClientAliveCountMax
parameters above any
Include
and
Match
entries according to site policy.
Example:
ClientAliveInterval 15
ClientAliveCountMax 3
Note:
First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding.
If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your
environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "clientalivecountmax" is correctly set to: "3"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "clientaliveinterval" is correctly set to: "15"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ClientAliveCountMax\h+"?0\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*ClientAliveCountMax\h+"?0\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ClientAliveInterval\h+\"?0\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*ClientAliveInterval\h+\"?0\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.9_Ensure_sshd_ClientAliveInterval_and_ClientAliveCountMax_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670727_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "clientalivecountmax" is correctly set to: "3"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "clientalivecountmax" is correctly set to: "3"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670733_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "clientaliveinterval" is correctly set to: "15"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "clientaliveinterval" is correctly set to: "15"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670737"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670737">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670737"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ClientAliveCountMax\h+"?0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670741"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670741">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670741"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ClientAliveCountMax\h+"?0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670749"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670749">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670749"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ClientAliveInterval\h+\"?0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670754"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670754">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670754"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ClientAliveInterval\h+\"?0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670762"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670762">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670762"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Fail5.1.10 Ensure sshd DisableForwarding is enabled
Description:
The DisableForwarding
parameter disables all forwarding features, including X11, ssh-agent(1), TCP and StreamLocal.
This option overrides all other forwarding-related options and may simplify restricted
configurations.
- X11Forwarding provides the ability to tunnel X11 traffic through the connection to
enable remote graphic connections.
- ssh-agent is a program to hold private keys used for public key authentication. Through
use of environment variables the agent can be located and automatically used for authentication
when logging in to other machines using ssh.
- SSH port forwarding is a mechanism in SSH for tunneling application ports from the
client to the server, or servers to clients. It can be used for adding encryption
to legacy applications, going through firewalls, and some system administrators and
IT professionals use it for opening backdoors into the internal network from their
home machines.
Disable X11 forwarding unless there is an operational requirement to use X11 applications
directly. There is a small risk that the remote X11 servers of users who are logged
in via SSH with X11 forwarding could be compromised by other users on the X11 server.
Note that even if X11 forwarding is disabled, users can always install their own forwarders.
anyone with root privilege on the the intermediate server can make free use of ssh-agent
to authenticate them to other servers
Leaving port forwarding enabled can expose the organization to security risks and
backdoors. SSH connections are protected with strong encryption. This makes their
contents invisible to most deployed network monitoring and traffic filtering solutions.
This invisibility carries considerable risk potential if it is used for malicious
purposes such as data exfiltration. Cybercriminals or malware could exploit SSH to
hide their unauthorized communications, or to exfiltrate stolen data from the target
network.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
DisableForwarding
parameter to
yes
above any
Include
entry as follows:
DisableForwarding yes
Note:
First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used,
and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created
in a file in Include location.
Impact:
SSH tunnels are widely used in many corporate environments. In some environments the
applications themselves may have very limited native support for security. By utilizing
tunneling, compliance with SOX, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, and other standards can be achieved
without having to modify the applications.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - sshd parameter: "disableforwarding" is incorrectly set to: "no"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.10_Ensure_sshd_DisableForwarding_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">sshd_config(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670769_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "disableforwarding" is incorrectly set to: "no"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "disableforwarding" is incorrectly set to: "no"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670772"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670772">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670772"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: sshd_config(5)
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.1.11 Ensure sshd GSSAPIAuthentication is disabled
Description:
The GSSAPIAuthentication
parameter specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed
Allowing GSSAPI authentication through SSH exposes the system's GSSAPI to remote hosts,
and should be disabled to reduce the attack surface of the system
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
GSSAPIAuthentication
parameter to
no
above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
GSSAPIAuthentication no
Note:
First occurrence of an option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a file in
Include
location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - sshd parameter: "gssapiauthentication" is incorrectly set to: "yes"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*GSSAPIAuthentication\h+\"?yes\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\h*GSSAPIAuthentication\h+\"?yes\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-redhat.conf |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
50-redhat.conf |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^(?i)\h*GSSAPIAuthentication\h+\"?yes\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
GSSAPIAuthentication yes |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
GSSAPIAuthentication yes |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.11_Ensure_sshd_GSSAPIAuthentication_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.352+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670778_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "gssapiauthentication" is incorrectly set to: "yes"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "gssapiauthentication" is incorrectly set to: "yes"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670789"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670789">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670789"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*GSSAPIAuthentication\h+\"?yes\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670793"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670793">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670793"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*GSSAPIAuthentication\h+\"?yes\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-redhat.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>50-redhat.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^(?i)\h*GSSAPIAuthentication\h+\"?yes\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>GSSAPIAuthentication yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>GSSAPIAuthentication yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670783"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670783">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670783"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.12 Ensure sshd HostbasedAuthentication is disabled
Description:
The HostbasedAuthentication
parameter specifies if authentication is allowed through trusted hosts via the user
of .rhosts
, or /etc/hosts.equiv
, along with successful public key client host authentication.
Even though the
.rhosts
files are ineffective if support is disabled in
/etc/pam.conf
, disabling the ability to use
.rhosts
files in SSH provides an additional layer of protection.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
HostbasedAuthentication
parameter to
no
above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
HostbasedAuthentication no
Note:
First occurrence of a option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a file in
Include
location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "hostbasedauthentication" is correctly set to: "no"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*HostbasedAuthentication\h+"?yes"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\h*HostbasedAuthentication\h+"?yes"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.12_Ensure_sshd_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670801_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "hostbasedauthentication" is correctly set to: "no"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "hostbasedauthentication" is correctly set to: "no"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670813"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670813">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670813"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*HostbasedAuthentication\h+"?yes"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670820"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670820">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670820"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*HostbasedAuthentication\h+"?yes"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670808"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670808">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670808"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass5.1.13 Ensure sshd IgnoreRhosts is enabled
Description:
The IgnoreRhosts
parameter specifies that
.rhosts
and .shosts
files will not be used in
RhostsRSAAuthentication
or HostbasedAuthentication
.
Setting this parameter forces users to enter a password when authenticating with SSH.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
IgnoreRhosts
parameter to
yes
above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
IgnoreRhosts yes
Note:
First occurrence of a option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a file in
Include
location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "ignorerhosts" is correctly set to: "yes"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ignorerhosts\h+"?no"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\h*ignorerhosts\h+"?no"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.13_Ensure_sshd_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670831_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "ignorerhosts" is correctly set to: "yes"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "ignorerhosts" is correctly set to: "yes"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670841"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670841">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670841"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ignorerhosts\h+"?no"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670848"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670848">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670848"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ignorerhosts\h+"?no"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670836"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670836">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670836"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: SSHD(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.14 Ensure sshd LoginGraceTime is configured
Description:
The LoginGraceTime
parameter specifies the time allowed for successful authentication to the SSH server.
The longer the Grace period is the more open unauthenticated connections can exist.
Like other session controls in this session the Grace Period should be limited to
appropriate organizational limits to ensure the service is available for needed access.
Setting the
LoginGraceTime
parameter to a low number will minimize the risk of successful brute force attacks
to the SSH server. It will also limit the number of concurrent unauthenticated connections
While the recommended setting is 60 seconds (1 Minute), set the number based on site
policy.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
LoginGraceTime
parameter to
60
seconds or less above any
Include
entry as follows:
LoginGraceTime 60
Note:
First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used,
and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created
in a file in Include location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "logingracetime" is correctly set to: "60"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.14_Ensure_sshd_LoginGraceTime_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670857_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "logingracetime" is correctly set to: "60"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "logingracetime" is correctly set to: "60"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670861"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670861">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670861"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6
- URL: SSHD(8)
Pass5.1.15 Ensure sshd LogLevel is configured
Description:
SSH provides several logging levels with varying amounts of verbosity. The
DEBUG
options are specifically not recommended other than strictly for debugging SSH communications.
These levels provide so much data that it is difficult to identify important security
information, and may violate the privacy of users.
The INFO
level is the basic level that only records login activity of SSH users. In many situations,
such as Incident Response, it is important to determine when a particular user was
active on a system. The logout record can eliminate those users who disconnected,
which helps narrow the field.
The VERBOSE
level specifies that login and logout activity as well as the key fingerprint for
any SSH key used for login will be logged. This information is important for SSH key
management, especially in legacy environments.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
LogLevel
parameter to
VERBOSE
or
INFO
above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
LogLevel VERBOSE
- OR -
LogLevel INFO
Note:
First occurrence of an option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a file in
Include
location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "loglevel" is correctly set to: "INFO"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*LogLevel\h+\"?(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\h*LogLevel\h+"?(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.15_Ensure_sshd_LogLevel_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.ssh.com/ssh/sshd_config/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670865_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "loglevel" is correctly set to: "INFO"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "loglevel" is correctly set to: "INFO"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670872"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670872">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670872"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*LogLevel\h+\"?(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670876"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670876">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670876"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*LogLevel\h+"?(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670868"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670868">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670868"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.ssh.com/ssh/sshd_config/
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass5.1.16 Ensure sshd MaxAuthTries is configured
Description:
The MaxAuthTries
parameter specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per connection.
When the login failure count reaches half the number, error messages will be written
to the
syslog
file detailing the login failure.
Setting the
MaxAuthTries
parameter to a low number will minimize the risk of successful brute force attacks
to the SSH server. While the recommended setting is 4, set the number based on site
policy.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
MaxAuthTries
parameter to
4
or less above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
MaxAuthTries 4
Note:
First occurrence of an option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a file in
Include
location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "maxauthtries" is correctly set to: "4"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*maxauthtries\s+([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+) |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\s*maxauthtries\s+([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+) |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.16_Ensure_sshd_MaxAuthTries_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670883_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "maxauthtries" is correctly set to: "4"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "maxauthtries" is correctly set to: "4"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670891"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670891">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670891"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*maxauthtries\s+([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670895"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670895">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670895"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*maxauthtries\s+([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670887"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670887">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670887"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.13 |
| Label: |
Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation |
| Description: |
Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation
location and duration. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass5.1.17 Ensure sshd MaxStartups is configured
Description:
The MaxStartups
parameter specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to
the SSH daemon.
To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of pending authentication
connection attempts, use the rate limiting function of MaxStartups to protect availability
of sshd logins and prevent overwhelming the daemon.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
MaxStartups
parameter to
10:30:60
or more restrictive above any
Include
entries as follows:
MaxStartups 10:30:60
Note:
First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used,
and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created
in a file in Include location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "maxstartups" is correctly set to: "10:30:60"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.17_Ensure_sshd_MaxStartups_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670902_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "maxstartups" is correctly set to: "10:30:60"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "maxstartups" is correctly set to: "10:30:60"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670908"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670908">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670908"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass5.1.18 Ensure sshd MaxSessions is configured
Description:
The MaxSessions
parameter specifies the maximum number of open sessions permitted from a given connection.
To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of concurrent sessions,
use the rate limiting function of MaxSessions to protect availability of sshd logins
and prevent overwhelming the daemon.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
MaxSessions
parameter to
10
or less above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
MaxSessions 10
Note:
First occurrence of an option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a file in
Include
location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "maxsessions" is correctly set to: "10"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*MaxSessions\h+"?(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*MaxSessions\h+"?(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.18_Ensure_sshd_MaxSessions_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670914_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "maxsessions" is correctly set to: "10"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "maxsessions" is correctly set to: "10"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670920"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670920">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670920"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*MaxSessions\h+"?(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670923"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670923">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670923"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*MaxSessions\h+"?(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670918"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670918">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670918"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass5.1.19 Ensure sshd PermitEmptyPasswords is disabled
Description:
The PermitEmptyPasswords
parameter specifies if the SSH server allows login to accounts with empty password
strings.
Disallowing remote shell access to accounts that have an empty password reduces the
probability of unauthorized access to the system.
Edit
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
and set the
PermitEmptyPasswords
parameter to
no
above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
PermitEmptyPasswords no
Note:
First occurrence of an option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a file in
Include
location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "permitemptypasswords" is correctly set to: "no"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitEmptyPasswords\h+\"?yes\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\h*PermitEmptyPasswords\h+\"?yes\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.19_Ensure_sshd_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670928_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "permitemptypasswords" is correctly set to: "no"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "permitemptypasswords" is correctly set to: "no"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670933"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670933">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670933"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitEmptyPasswords\h+\"?yes\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670937"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670937">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670937"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitEmptyPasswords\h+\"?yes\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670931"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670931">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670931"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.20 Ensure sshd PermitRootLogin is disabled
Description:
The PermitRootLogin
parameter specifies if the root user can log in using SSH. The default is
prohibit-password
.
Disallowing
root
logins over SSH requires system admins to authenticate using their own individual
account, then escalating to
root
. This limits opportunity for non-repudiation and provides a clear audit trail in
the event of a security incident.
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
PermitRootLogin
parameter to
no
above any
Include
and
Match
entries as follows:
PermitRootLogin no
Note:
First occurrence of an option takes precedence,
Match
set statements withstanding. If
Include
locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment,
the entry may be created in a file in
Include
location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "permitrootlogin" is correctly set to: "no"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitRootLogin\h+"?(yes|prohibit-password|forced-commands-only)"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
At least one |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\h*PermitRootLogin\h+"?(yes|prohibit-password|forced-commands-only)"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.20_Ensure_sshd_PermitRootLogin_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5:AC-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670942_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "permitrootlogin" is correctly set to: "no"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "permitrootlogin" is correctly set to: "no"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670950"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670950">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670950"
check="at least one"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitRootLogin\h+"?(yes|prohibit-password|forced-commands-only)"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670952"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670952">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670952"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitRootLogin\h+"?(yes|prohibit-password|forced-commands-only)"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670946"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670946">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670946"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5:AC-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts |
| Description: |
Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary
account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative
activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.4 |
| Label: |
Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts |
| Description: |
Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise
assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and
productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.1.21 Ensure sshd PermitUserEnvironment is disabled
Description:
The PermitUserEnvironment
option allows users to present environment options to the SSH daemon.
Permitting users the ability to set environment variables through the SSH daemon could
potentially allow users to bypass security controls (e.g. setting an execution path
that has SSH executing trojan'd programs)
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
PermitUserEnvironment
parameter to
no
above any
Include
entries as follows:
PermitUserEnvironment no
Note:
First occurrence of an option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled,
used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be
created in a file in Include location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "permituserenvironment" is correctly set to: "no"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.21_Ensure_sshd_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670958_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "permituserenvironment" is correctly set to: "no"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "permituserenvironment" is correctly set to: "no"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670961"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670961">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670961"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
- URL: SSHD(8)
Pass5.1.22 Ensure sshd UsePAM is enabled
Description:
The UsePAM
directive enables the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) interface. If set to
yes
this will enable PAM authentication using
ChallengeResponseAuthentication
and PasswordAuthentication
directives in addition to PAM account and session module processing for all authentication
types.
When usePAM
is set to
yes
, PAM runs through account and session types properly. This is important if you want
to restrict access to services based off of IP, time or other factors of the account.
Additionally, you can make sure users inherit certain environment variables on login
or disallow access to the server
Edit the
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
file to set the
UsePAM
parameter to
yes
above any
Include
entries as follows:
UsePAM yes
Note:
First occurrence of an option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled,
used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be
created in a file in Include location.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - sshd parameter: "usepam" is correctly set to: "yes"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
38.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.7p1 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.7p1-38.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.22_Ensure_sshd_UsePAM_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670965_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - sshd parameter: "usepam" is correctly set to: "yes"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_sshd_config_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - sshd parameter: "usepam" is correctly set to: "yes"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670968"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670968">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670968"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.7p1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.7p1-38.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>openssh-server-0:8.7p1-38.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
- URL: SSHD(8)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5.2 Configure privilege escalation
There are various tools which allows a permitted user to execute a command as the
superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy.
sudo
https://www.sudo.ws/
The invoking user's real (not effective) user ID is used to determine the user name
with which to query the security policy.
sudo
supports a plug-in architecture for security policies and input/output logging. Third
parties can develop and distribute their own policy and I/O logging plug-ins to work
seamlessly with the
sudo
front end. The default security policy is
sudoers
, which is configured via the file
/etc/sudoers
and any entries in
/etc/sudoers.d
.
pkexec
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/polkit/docs/0.105/pkexec.1.html
Pass5.2.1 Ensure sudo is installed
Description:
sudo
allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as
specified by the security policy. The invoking user's real (not effective) user ID
is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy.
sudo
supports a plug-in architecture for security policies and input/output logging. Third
parties can develop and distribute their own policy and I/O logging plug-ins to work
seamlessly with the
sudo
front end. The default security policy is
sudoers
, which is configured via the file
/etc/sudoers
and any entries in
/etc/sudoers.d
.
The security policy determines what privileges, if any, a user has to run
sudo
. The policy may require that users authenticate themselves with a password or another
authentication mechanism. If authentication is required,
sudo
will exit if the user's password is not entered within a configurable time limit.
This limit is policy-specific.
Run the following command to install sudo
# dnf install sudo
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'sudo' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
sudo |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
10.el9_3 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
1.9.5p2 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_3 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
sudo-0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_3.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6(2), AC-6(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670971"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670971">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670971"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'sudo' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sudo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>10.el9_3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1.9.5p2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sudo-0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_3.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SUDO(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6(2), AC-6(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts |
| Description: |
Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary
account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative
activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.4 |
| Label: |
Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts |
| Description: |
Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise
assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and
productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.2.2 Ensure sudo commands use pty
Description:
sudo
can be configured to run only from a pseudo terminal (
pseudo-pty
).
Attackers can run a malicious program using
sudo
which would fork a background process that remains even when the main program has
finished executing.
Edit the file
/etc/sudoers
with
visudo
or a file in
/etc/sudoers.d/
with
visudo -f <PATH TO FILE>
and add the following line:
Defaults use_pty
Edit the file
/etc/sudoers
with
visudo
and any files in
/etc/sudoers.d/
with
visudo -f <PATH TO FILE>
and remove any occurrence of
!use_pty
Note:
-
sudo will read each file in
/etc/sudoers.d
, skipping file names that end in
~
or contain a
.
character to avoid causing problems with package manager or editor temporary/backup
files.
-
Files are parsed in sorted lexical order. That is,
/etc/sudoers.d/01_first
will be parsed before
/etc/sudoers.d/10_second
.
-
Be aware that because the sorting is lexical, not numeric,
/etc/sudoers.d/1_whoops
would be loaded after
/etc/sudoers.d/10_second
.
- Using a consistent number of leading zeroes in the file names can be used to avoid
such problems.
Impact:
WARNING:
Editing the
sudo
configuration incorrectly can cause
sudo
to stop functioning. Always use
visudo
to modify
sudo
configuration files.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,\h*)?use_pty\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,\h*)?use_pty\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,\h*)?\!use_pty\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,\h*)?\!use_pty\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.353+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">VISUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">sudoers(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670975"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670975">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670975"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,\h*)?use_pty\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670978"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670978">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670978"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,\h*)?use_pty\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670982"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670982">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670982"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,\h*)?\!use_pty\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670985"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670985">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670985"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,\h*)?\!use_pty\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SUDO(8)
- URL: VISUDO(8)
- URL: sudoers(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security
configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous
configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers
from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. |
| Subcontrol: |
5.1 |
| Label: |
Establish Secure Configurations |
| Description: |
Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized
operating systems and software. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.4 |
| Label: |
Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts |
| Description: |
Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise
assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and
productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.2.3 Ensure sudo log file exists
Description:
The Defaults logfile
entry sets the path to the sudo log file. Setting a path turns on logging to a file;
negating this option turns it off. By default, sudo logs via syslog.
Defining a dedicated log file for sudo simplifies auditing of sudo commands and creation
of auditd rules for sudo.
Edit the file
/etc/sudoers
or a file in
/etc/sudoers.d/
with
visudo -f <PATH TO FILE>
and add the following line:
Defaults logfile="<PATH TO CUSTOM LOG FILE>"
Example
Defaults logfile="/var/log/sudo.log"
Notes:
-
sudo will read each file in
/etc/sudoers.d
, skipping file names that end in
~
or contain a
.
character to avoid causing problems with package manager or editor temporary/backup
files.
-
Files are parsed in sorted lexical order. That is,
/etc/sudoers.d/01_first
will be parsed before
/etc/sudoers.d/10_second
.
-
Be aware that because the sorting is lexical, not numeric,
/etc/sudoers.d/1_whoops
would be loaded after
/etc/sudoers.d/10_second
.
- Using a consistent number of leading zeroes in the file names can be used to avoid
such problems.
Impact:
WARNING:
Editing the
sudo
configuration incorrectly can cause
sudo
to stop functioning. Always use
visudo
to modify
sudo
configuration files.
Creation of additional log files can cause disk space exhaustion if not correctly
managed. You should configure
logrotate
to manage the sudo log in accordance with your local policy.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#]+,\h*)?logfile\h*=\h*(\"|\')?\H+(\"|\')?(,\h*\H+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d exists and matches pattern
^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#]+,\h*)?logfile\h*=\h*(\"|\')?\H+(\"|\')?(,\h*\H+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.355+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">VISUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">sudoers(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670990"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670990">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670990"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#]+,\h*)?logfile\h*=\h*(\"|\')?\H+(\"|\')?(,\h*\H+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670994"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670994">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670994"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#]+,\h*)?logfile\h*=\h*(\"|\')?\H+(\"|\')?(,\h*\H+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: SUDO(8)
- URL: VISUDO(8)
- URL: sudoers(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail5.2.4 Ensure users must provide password for escalation
Description:
The operating system must be configured so that users must provide a password for
privilege escalation.
Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they
do not have authorization.
When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability,
it is critical the user re-authenticate.
Based on the outcome of the audit procedure, use
visudo -f <PATH TO FILE>
to edit the relevant sudoers file.
Remove any line with occurrences of
NOPASSWD
tags in the file.
Impact:
This will prevent automated processes from being able to elevate privileges.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\b(.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/sudoers |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
sudoers |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\b(.*)?$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
ALL ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/aide --check |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
ALL ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/aide --check |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
ALL ALL=(ALL) |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
: /usr/sbin/aide --check |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\h*(\h+.*)$ |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/sudoers.d/90-cloud-init-users |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/sudoers.d |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
90-cloud-init-users |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\b(.*)?$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
ec2-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
ec2-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
ec2-user ALL=(ALL) |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
:ALL |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/sudoers.d/ssm-agent-users |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/sudoers.d |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
ssm-agent-users |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\b(.*)?$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
ssm-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
ssm-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
ssm-user ALL=(ALL) |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
:ALL |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4_Ensure_users_must_provide_password_for_escalation"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.355+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670998"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670998">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670998"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\b(.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sudoers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sudoers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\b(.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ALL ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/aide --check</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ALL ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/aide --check</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ALL ALL=(ALL) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>: /usr/sbin/aide --check</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671001"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671001">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671001"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\h*(\h+.*)$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sudoers.d/90-cloud-init-users</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sudoers.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>90-cloud-init-users</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\b(.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ec2-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ec2-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ec2-user ALL=(ALL) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>:ALL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sudoers.d/ssm-agent-users</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/sudoers.d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssm-agent-users</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?NOPASSWD\b(.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssm-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssm-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ssm-user ALL=(ALL) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>:ALL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts |
| Description: |
Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary
account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative
activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.4 |
| Label: |
Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts |
| Description: |
Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise
assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and
productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.2.5 Ensure re-authentication for privilege escalation is not disabled globally
Description:
The operating system must be configured so that users must re-authenticate for privilege
escalation.
Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they
do not have authorization.
When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability,
it is critical the user re-authenticate.
Configure the operating system to require users to reauthenticate for privilege escalation.
Based on the outcome of the audit procedure, use
visudo -f <PATH TO FILE>
to edit the relevant sudoers file.
Remove any occurrences of
!authenticate
tags in the file(s).
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\!authenticate\b(\.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\!authenticate\b(\.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.5_Ensure_re-authentication_for_privilege_escalation_is_not_disabled_globally"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.355+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671008"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671008">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671008"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\!authenticate\b(\.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671011"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671011">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671011"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\!authenticate\b(\.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts |
| Description: |
Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary
account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative
activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.4 |
| Label: |
Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts |
| Description: |
Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise
assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and
productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.2.6 Ensure sudo authentication timeout is configured correctly
Description:
sudo
caches used credentials for a default of 5 minutes. This is for ease of use when there
are multiple administrative tasks to perform. The timeout can be modified to suit
local security policies.
Setting a timeout value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized privileged
access to another user.
If the currently configured timeout is larger than 15 minutes, edit the file listed
in the audit section with
visudo -f <PATH TO FILE>
and modify the entry
timestamp_timeout=
to 15 minutes or less as per your site policy. The value is in minutes. This particular
entry may appear on its own, or on the same line as
env_reset
. See the following two examples:
Defaults env_reset, timestamp_timeout=15
Defaults timestamp_timeout=15
Defaults env_reset
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*defaults\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h*,\h*)?timestamp_timeout=(-1|1[6-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b(\h*,\h*.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*defaults\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h*,\h*)?timestamp_timeout=(-1|1[6-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b(\h*,\h*.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.6_Ensure_sudo_authentication_timeout_is_configured_correctly"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.355+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.sudo.ws/man/1.9.0/sudoers.man.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671017"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671017">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671017"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*defaults\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h*,\h*)?timestamp_timeout=(-1|1[6-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b(\h*,\h*.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671020"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671020">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671020"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*defaults\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h*,\h*)?timestamp_timeout=(-1|1[6-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b(\h*,\h*.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://www.sudo.ws/man/1.9.0/sudoers.man.html
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts |
| Description: |
Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary
account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative
activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.4 |
| Label: |
Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts |
| Description: |
Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise
assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and
productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.2.7 Ensure access to the su command is restricted
Description:
The su
command allows a user to run a command or shell as another user. The program has been
superseded by
sudo
, which allows for more granular control over privileged access. Normally, the
su
command can be executed by any user. By uncommenting the
pam_wheel.so
statement in
/etc/pam.d/su
, the
su
command will only allow users in a specific groups to execute
su
. This group should be empty to reinforce the use of
sudo
for privileged access.
Restricting the use of
su
, and using
sudo
in its place, provides system administrators better control of the escalation of user
privileges to execute privileged commands. The sudo utility also provides a better
logging and audit mechanism, as it can log each command executed via
sudo
, whereas
su
can only record that a user executed the
su
program.
Create an empty group that will be specified for use of the
su
command. The group should be named according to site policy.
Example:
# groupadd sugroup
Add the following line to the
/etc/pam.d/su
file, specifying the empty group:
auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid group=sugroup
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/su exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(?:required|requisite)\h+pam_wheel\.so\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)?((?!\2)(use_uid\b|group=\H+\b))\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)?((?!\1)(use_uid\b|group=\H+\b))(\h+.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.355+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671027"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671027">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671027"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/su exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(?:required|requisite)\h+pam_wheel\.so\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)?((?!\2)(use_uid\b|group=\H+\b))\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)?((?!\1)(use_uid\b|group=\H+\b))(\h+.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security
configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous
configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers
from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. |
| Subcontrol: |
5.1 |
| Label: |
Establish Secure Configurations |
| Description: |
Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized
operating systems and software. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5.3 Pluggable Authentication Modules
Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) is a service that implements modular authentication
modules on UNIX systems. PAM is implemented as a set of shared objects that are loaded
and executed when a program needs to authenticate a user. Files for PAM are typically
located in the /etc/pam.d
directory. PAM must be carefully configured to secure system authentication. While
this section covers some of PAM, please consult other PAM resources to fully understand
the configuration capabilities.
5.3.1 Configure PAM software packages
Updated versions of PAM and authselect include additional functionality
Pass5.3.1.1 Ensure latest version of pam is installed
Description:
Updated versions of PAM include additional functionality
To ensure the system has full functionality and access to the options covered by this
Benchmark, pam-1.5.1-19 or latter is required
- IF -
the version of
PAM
on the system is less that version
pam-1.5.1-19
:
Run the following command to update to the latest version of
PAM
:
# dnf upgrade pam
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "pam" is version: "1.5.1-19" which is newer or equal to required version: "1.5.1-19"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1.1_Ensure_latest_version_of_pam_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.355+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671032_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "pam" is version: "1.5.1-19" which is newer or equal to required version: "1.5.1-19"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "pam" is version: "1.5.1-19" which is newer or equal to required version: "1.5.1-19"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
Pass5.3.1.2 Ensure latest version of authselect is installed
Description:
Authselect is a utility that simplifies the configuration of user authentication.
Authselect offers ready-made profiles that can be universally used with all modern
identity management systems
You can create and deploy a custom profile by customizing one of the default profiles,
the sssd, winbind, or the nis profile. This is particularly useful if Modifying a
ready-made authselect profile is not enough for your needs. When you deploy a custom
profile, the profile is applied to every user logging into the given host. This would
be the recommended method, so that the existing profiles can remain unmodified.
Updated versions of
authselect
include additional functionality
Authselect makes testing and troubleshooting easy because it only modifies files in
these directories:
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- /etc/pam.d/*
- /etc/dconf/db/distro.d/*
To ensure the system has full functionality and access to the options covered by this
Benchmark,
authselect-1.2.6-2
or latter is required
Run the following command to install
authselect
:
# dnf install authselect
- IF -
the version of
authselect
on the system is less that version
authselect-1.2.6-2
:
Run the following command to update to the latest version of
authselect
:
# dnf upgrade authselect
Impact:
If local site customizations have been made to an authselect default or custom profile
created with the
--symlink-pam
option, these customizations may be over-written by updating authselect.
WARNING:
Do not use authselect if:
- your host is part of Linux Identity Management. Joining your host to an IdM domain
with the ipa-client-install command automatically configures SSSD authentication on
your host.
- Your host is part of Active Directory via SSSD. Calling the realm join command to
join your host to an Active Directory domain automatically configures SSSD authentication
on your host.
It is
not
recommended to change the authselect profiles configured by ipa-client-install or
realm join. If you need to modify them, display the current settings before making
any modifications, so you can revert back to them if necessary
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "authselect" is version: "1.2.6-2" which is newer or equal to required version:
"1.2.6-2"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1.2_Ensure_latest_version_of_authselect_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.355+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671037_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "authselect" is version: "1.2.6-2" which is newer or equal to required version: "1.2.6-2"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "authselect" is version: "1.2.6-2" which is newer or equal to required version: "1.2.6-2"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
Pass5.3.1.3 Ensure latest version of libpwquality is installed
Description:
libpwquality
provides common functions for password quality checking and scoring them based on
their apparent randomness. The library also provides a function for generating random
passwords with good pronounceability.
This module can be plugged into the password stack of a given service to provide some
plug-in strength-checking for passwords. The code was originally based on
pam_cracklib
module and the module is backwards compatible with its options.
Strong passwords reduce the risk of systems being hacked through brute force methods.
Run the following command to install
libpwquality
:
# dnf install libpwquality
- IF -
the version of
libpwquality
on the system is less that version
libpwquality-1.4.4-8
:
Run the following command to update to the latest version of
libpwquality
:
# dnf upgrade libpwquality
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "libpwquality" is version: "1.4.4-8" which is newer or equal to required version:
"1.4.4-8"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.1.3_Ensure_latest_version_of_libpwquality_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.355+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671041_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "libpwquality" is version: "1.4.4-8" which is newer or equal to required version: "1.4.4-8"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_rpm_package_version_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "libpwquality" is version: "1.4.4-8" which is newer or equal to required version: "1.4.4-8"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
5.3.2 Configure authselect
Authselect is a utility that simplifies the configuration of user authentication.
Authselect offers ready-made profiles that can be universally used with all modern
identity management systems
Authselect makes testing and troubleshooting easy because it only modifies files in
these directories:
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- /etc/pam.d/* files
- /etc/dconf/db/distro.d/* files
You can create and deploy a custom profile by customizing one of the default profiles,
the sssd, winbind, or the nis profile. This is particularly useful if Modifying a
ready-made authselect profile is not enough for your needs. When you deploy a custom
profile, the profile is applied to every user logging into the given host. This would
be the recommended method, so that the existing profiles can remain unmodified.
Profile Directories - Profiles can be found in one of three directories:
- /usr/share/authselect/default
- Read-only directory containing profiles shipped together with authselect.
- /usr/share/authselect/vendor
- Read-only directory for vendor-specific profiles that can override the ones in default
directory.
- /etc/authselect/custom
- Place for administrator-defined profiles.
Profile Files - Each profile consists of one or more of these files which provide
a mandatory profile description and describe the changes that are done to the system:
- README
- Description of the profile. The first line must be a name of the profile.
- system-auth
- PAM stack that is included from nearly all individual service configuration files.
- password-auth
,
smartcard-auth
,
fingerprint-auth
- These PAM stacks are for applications which handle authentication from different
types of devices via simultaneously running individual conversations instead
of one aggregate conversation.
- postlogin
- The purpose of this PAM stack is to provide a common place for all PAM modules which
should be called after the stack configured in
system-auth
or the other common PAM configuration files. It is included from all individual service
configuration files that provide login service with shell or file access.
Note:
the modules in the postlogin configuration file are executed regardless of the success
or failure of the modules in the
system-auth
configuration file.
- nsswitch.conf
- Name Service Switch configuration file. Only maps relevant to the profile must be
set. Maps that are not specified by the profile are included from
/etc/authselect/user-nsswitch.conf
.
- dconf-db
- Changes to dconf database. The main uses case of this file is to set changes for
gnome login screen in order to enable or disable smartcard and fingerprint authentication.
- dconf-locks
- This file define locks on values set in dconf database.
Conditional lines - Each of these files serves as a template. A template is a plain
text file with optional usage of several operators that can be used to provide some
optional profile features.
- {continue if "feature"}
- Immediately stop processing of the file unless "feature" is defined (the rest of
the file content will be removed). If "feature" is defined, the whole line with this
operator will be removed and the rest of the template will be processed.
- {stop if "feature"}
- Opposite of "continue if". Immediately stop processing of the file if "feature"
is defined (the rest of the file content will be removed). If "feature" is not defined,
the whole line with this operator will be removed and the rest of the template will
be processed.
- {include if "feature"}
- Include the line where this operator is placed only if "feature" is defined.
- {exclude if "feature"}
- Opposite to "include-if". Include the line where this operator is placed only if
"feature" is not defined.
- {imply "implied-feature" if "feature"}
- Enable feature "implied-feature" if feature "feature" is enabled. The whole line
with this operator is removed, thus it is not possible to add anything else around
this operator at the same line.
- {if "feature":true|false}
- If "feature" is defined, replace this operator with string "true", otherwise with
string "false".
- {if "feature":true}
- If "feature" is defined, replace this operator with string "true", otherwise with
an empty string.
Example of creating a custom authselect profile called custom-profile
# authselect create-profile custom-profile -b sssd
WARNING:
Do not use authselect if:
- your host is part of Linux Identity Management. Joining your host to an IdM domain
with the ipa-client-install command automatically configures SSSD authentication on
your host.
- Your host is part of Active Directory via SSSD. Calling the realm join command to
join your host to an Active Directory domain automatically configures SSSD authentication
on your host.
- It is not recommended to change the authselect profiles configured by ipa-client-install
or realm join. If you need to modify them, display the current settings before making
any modifications, so you can revert back to them if necessary
Pass5.3.2.1 Ensure active authselect profile includes pam modules
Description:
A custom profile can be created by copying and customizing one of the default profiles.
The default profiles include: sssd, winbind, or the nis. This profile can then be
customized to follow site specific requirements.
You can select a profile for the authselect utility for a specific host. The profile
will be applied to every user logging into the host.
A custom profile is required to customize many of the pam options.
Modifications made to a default profile may be overwritten during an update.
When you deploy a profile, the profile is applied to every user logging into the given
host
Perform the following to create a custom authselect profile, with the modules covered
in this Benchmark correctly included in the custom profile template files
Run the following command to create a custom authselect profile:
# authselect create-profile <custom-profile name> <options>
Example:
# authselect create-profile custom-profile -b sssd
Run the following command to select a custom authselect profile:
# authselect select custom/<CUSTOM PROFILE NAME> {with-<OPTIONS>} {--force}
Example:
# authselect select custom/custom-profile --backup=PAM_CONFIG_BACKUP --force
Notes:
-
The PAM and authselect packages must be versions
pam-1.3.1-25
and
authselect-1.2.6-1
or newer
-
The example is based on a custom profile built (copied) from the the
SSSD
default authselect profile.
-
The example does not include the
symlink
option for the
PAM
or
Metadata
files. This is due to the fact that by linking the
PAM
files future updates to
authselect
may overwrite local site customizations to the custom profile
-
The
--backup=PAM_CONFIG_BACKUP
option will create a backup of the current config. The backup will be stored at
/var/lib/authselect/backups/PAM_CONFIG_BACKUP
-
The
--force
option will force the overwrite of the existing files and automatically backup system
files before writing any change unless the
--nobackup
option is set.
-
On a new system where authselect has not been configured. In this case, the
--force
option will force the selected authselect profile to be active and overwrite the existing
files with files generated from the selected authselect profile's templates
-
On an existing system with a custom configuration. The
--force
option may be used, but
ensure that you note the backup location included as your custom files will be overwritten.
This will allow you to review the changes and add any necessary customizations to
the template files for the authselect profile. After updating the templates, run the
command
authselect apply-changes
to add these custom entries to the files in
/etc/pam.d/
- IF -
you receive an error ending with a message similar to:
[error] Refusing to activate profile unless those changes are removed or overwrite
is requested.
Some unexpected changes to the configuration were detected. Use 'select' command instead.
This error is caused when the previous configuration was not created by authselect
but by other tool or by manual changes and the
--force
option will be required to enable the authselect profile.
Impact:
If local site customizations have been made to the authselect template or files in
/etc/pam.d
these custom entries should be added to the newly created custom profile before it's
applied to the system.
Note:
The order within the pam stacks is important when adding these entries. Specifically
for the password stack, the
use_authtok
option is important, and should appear on all modules except for the first entry.
Example:
password requisite pam_pwquality.so local_users_only #<-- Top of password stack,
doesn't include use_authtok
password required pam_pwhistory.so use_authtok #<-- subsequent entry in password
stack, includes use_authtok
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_authselect_profile_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly set * :
- - "pam_faillock" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"
- - "pam_unix" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"
- - "pam_pwquality" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"
- - "pam_pwhistory" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"
- - "pam_faillock" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"
- - "pam_unix" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"
- - "pam_pwquality" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"
- - "pam_pwhistory" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2.1_Ensure_active_authselect_profile_includes_pam_modules"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/7"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/16/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">authselect(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/configuring_authentication_and_authorization_in_rhel/configuring-user-authentication-using-authselect_configuring-authentication-and-authorization-in-rhel#creating-and-deploying-your-own-authselect-profile_configuring-user-authentication-using-authselect</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://docs.oracle.com/en/operating-systems/oracle-linux/9/userauth/OL9-USERAUTH.pdf</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_authselect_profile_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_authselect_profile_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_authselect_profile_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - "pam_faillock" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"</l>
<l> - "pam_unix" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"</l>
<l> - "pam_pwquality" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"</l>
<l> - "pam_pwhistory" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"</l>
<l> - "pam_faillock" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"</l>
<l> - "pam_unix" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"</l>
<l> - "pam_pwquality" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"</l>
<l> - "pam_pwhistory" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_authselect_profile_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - "pam_faillock" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"</li>
<li> - "pam_unix" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"</li>
<li> - "pam_pwquality" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"</li>
<li> - "pam_pwhistory" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/password-auth"</li>
<li> - "pam_faillock" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"</li>
<li> - "pam_unix" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"</li>
<li> - "pam_pwquality" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"</li>
<li> - "pam_pwhistory" is correctly listed in: "/usr/share/authselect/default/sssd/system-auth"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: authselect(8)
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/configuring_authentication_and_authorization_in_rhel/configuring-user-authentication-using-authselect_configuring-authentication-and-authorization-in-rhel#creating-and-deploying-your-own-authselect-profile_configuring-user-authentication-using-authselect
- URL: https://docs.oracle.com/en/operating-systems/oracle-linux/9/userauth/OL9-USERAUTH.pdf
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.7 |
| Label: |
Establish Process for Revoking Access |
| Description: |
Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling
accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee
or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation
of audit trails. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 16: Application Software Security: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage the security life cycle of in-house developed, hosted, or acquired software
to prevent, detect, and remediate security weaknesses before they can impact the enterprise. |
| Safeguard: |
16.2 |
| Label: |
Establish and Maintain a Process to Accept and Address Software Vulnerabilities |
| Description: |
Establish and maintain a process to accept and address reports of software vulnerabilities,
including providing a means for external entities to report.The process is to include
such items as: a vulnerability handling policy that identifies reporting process,
responsible party for handling vulnerability reports, and a process for intake, assignment,
remediation, and remediation testing. As part of the process, use a vulnerability
tracking system that includes severity ratings, and metrics for measuring timing for
identification, analysis, and remediation of vulnerabilities. Review and update documentation
annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
Third-party application developers need to consider this an externally-facing policy
that helps to set expectations for outside stakeholders. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.2.2 Ensure pam_faillock module is enabled
Description:
The
pam_faillock.so
module maintains a list of failed authentication attempts per user during a specified
interval and locks the account in case there were more than the configured number
of consecutive failed authentications (this is defined by the
deny
parameter in the faillock configuration). It stores the failure records into per-user
files in the tally directory.
Locking out user IDs after n unsuccessful consecutive login attempts mitigates brute
force password attacks against your systems.
Run the following script to verify the
pam_faillock.so
lines exist in the profile templates:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_module_name="faillock"
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
grep -P -- "\bpam_$l_module_name\.so\b" "$l_pam_profile_path"/{password,system}-auth
}
Example Output with a custom profile named "custom-profile":
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:auth required pam_faillock.so
preauth silent {include if "with-faillock"}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:auth required pam_faillock.so
authfail {include if "with-faillock"}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:account required pam_faillock.so
{include if "with-faillock"}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:auth required pam_faillock.so
preauth silent {include if "with-faillock"}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:auth required pam_faillock.so
authfail {include if "with-faillock"}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:account required pam_faillock.so
{include if "with-faillock"}
Note:
The lines may not include
{include if "with-faillock"}
- IF -
the lines shown above are not returned, refer to the Recommendation "Ensure active
authselect profile includes pam modules" to update the authselect profile template
files to include the
pam_faillock
entries before continuing this remediation.
- IF -
the lines include
{include if "with-faillock"}
, run the following command to enable the authselect
with-faillock
feature and update the files in
/etc/pam.d
to include
pam_faillock.so
:
# authselect enable-feature with-faillock
- IF -
any of the
pam_faillock
lines exist without
{include if "with-faillock"}
, run the following command to update the files in
/etc/pam.d
to include
pam_faillock.so
:
# authselect apply-changes
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?preauth\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?authfail\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?preauth\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?authfail\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2.2_Ensure_pam_faillock_module_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/7"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">faillock(8) - Linux man page</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">pam_faillock(8) - Linux man page</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671051"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671051">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671051"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?preauth\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671053"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671053">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671053"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?authfail\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671057"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671057">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671057"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671062"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671062">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671062"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?preauth\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671066"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671066">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671066"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?authfail\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671069"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671069">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671069"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+([^#\r\n]+\h+)?pam_faillock\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: faillock(8) - Linux man page
- URL: pam_faillock(8) - Linux man page
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.7 |
| Label: |
Establish Process for Revoking Access |
| Description: |
Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling
accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee
or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation
of audit trails. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.1 |
| Label: |
Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process |
| Description: |
Establish and maintain a secure configuration process for enterprise assets (end-user
devices, including portable and mobile, non-computing/IoT devices, and servers) and
software (operating systems and applications). Review and update documentation annually,
or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.3.2.3 Ensure pam_pwquality module is enabled
Description:
The
pam_pwquality.so
module performs password quality checking. This module can be plugged into the password
stack of a given service to provide strength-checking for passwords. The code was
originally based on pam_cracklib module and the module is backwards compatible with
its options.
The action of this module is to prompt the user for a password and check its strength
against a system dictionary and a set of rules for identifying poor choices.
The first action is to prompt for a single password, check its strength and then,
if it is considered strong, prompt for the password a second time (to verify that
it was typed correctly on the first occasion). All being well, the password is passed
on to subsequent modules to be installed as the new authentication token.
Use of a unique, complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required
to compromise the password.
Review the authselect profile templates:
Run the following script to verify the
pam_pwquality.so
lines exist in the active profile templates:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_module_name="pwquality"
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
grep -P -- "\bpam_$l_module_name\.so\b" "$l_pam_profile_path"/{password,system}-auth
}
Example Output with a custom profile named "custom-profile":
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:password requisite pam_pwquality.so
local_users_only {include if "with-pwquality"}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:password requisite pam_pwquality.so
local_users_only {include if "with-pwquality"}
Note:
The lines may not include
{include if "with-pwquality"}
- IF -
the lines shown above are not returned, refer to the Recommendation "Ensure active
authselect profile includes pam modules" to update the authselect profile template
files to include the
pam_pwquality
entries before continuing this remediation.
- IF -
any of the
pam_pwquality
lines include
{include if "with-pwquality"}
, run the following command to enable the authselect
with-pwquality
feature and update the files in
/etc/pam.d
to include `pam_pwquality:
# authselect enable-feature with-pwquality
- IF -
any of the
pam_pwquality
lines exist without
{include if "with-pwquality"}
, run the following command to update the files in
/etc/pam.d
to include
pam_pwquality.so
:
# authselect apply-changes
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
requisite |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect/system-auth |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
system-auth |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
requisite |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2.3_Ensure_pam_pwquality_module_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5(1)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671074"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671074">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671074"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>requisite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671078"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671078">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671078"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect/system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>requisite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5(1)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.2.4 Ensure pam_pwhistory module is enabled
Description:
The
pam_history.so
module saves the last passwords for each user in order to force password change history
and keep the user from alternating between the same password too frequently.
Requiring users not to reuse their passwords make it less likely that an attacker
will be able to guess the password or use a compromised password.
Run the following script to verify the
pam_pwhistory.so
lines exist in the profile templates:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_module_name="pwhistory"
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
grep -P -- "\bpam_$l_module_name\.so\b" "$l_pam_profile_path"/{password,system}-auth
}
Example Output with a custom profile named "custom-profile":
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:password required pam_pwhistory.so
use_authtok {include if "with-pwhistory"}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:password required pam_pwhistory.so
use_authtok {include if "with-pwhistory"}
Note:
The lines may not include
{include if "with-pwhistory"}
- IF -
the lines shown above are not returned, refer to the Recommendation "Ensure active
authselect profile includes pam modules" to update the authselect profile template
files to include the
pam_pwhistory
entries before continuing this remediation.
- IF -
the lines include
{include if "with-pwhistory"}
, run the following command to enable the authselect
with-pwhistory
feature and update the files in
/etc/pam.d
to include
pam_faillock.so
:
# authselect enable-feature with-pwhistory
- IF -
any of the
pam_pwhistory
lines exist without
{include if "with-pwhistory"}
, run the following command to update the files in
/etc/pam.d
to include
pam_pwhistory.so
:
# authselect apply-changes
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2.4_Ensure_pam_pwhistory_module_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5(1)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671083"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671083">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671083"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671085"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671085">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671085"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5(1)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.3.2.5 Ensure pam_unix module is enabled
Description:
The
pam_unix.so
module is the standard Unix authentication module. It uses standard calls from the
system's libraries to retrieve and set account information as well as authentication.
Usually this is obtained from the
/etc/passwd
and the
/etc/shadow
file as well if shadow is enabled.
Requiring users to use authentication make it less likely that an attacker will be
able to access the system.
Run the following script to verify the
pam_unix.so
lines exist in the profile templates:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_module_name="unix"
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
grep -P -- "\bpam_$l_module_name\.so\b" "$l_pam_profile_path"/{password,system}-auth
}
Example Output with a custom profile named "custom-profile":
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:auth sufficient pam_unix.so
{if not "without-nullok":nullok}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:account required pam_unix.so
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok remember=5
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:session required pam_unix.so
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:auth sufficient pam_unix.so
{if not "without-nullok":nullok}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:account required pam_unix.so
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:session required pam_unix.so
- IF -
the lines shown above are not returned, refer to the Recommendation "Ensure active
authselect profile includes pam modules" to update the authselect profile template
files to include the
pam_unix
entries before continuing this remediation.
Note:
Arguments following
pam_unix.so
may be different than the example output
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
auth sufficient pam_unix.so |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
auth sufficient pam_unix.so |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
account required pam_unix.so |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
account required pam_unix.so |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
required |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
^\h*password\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
^\h*session\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\h*session\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
session required pam_unix.so |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
session required pam_unix.so |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
required |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect/system-auth |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
system-auth |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
auth sufficient pam_unix.so |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
auth sufficient pam_unix.so |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect/system-auth |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
system-auth |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
account required pam_unix.so |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
account required pam_unix.so |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
required |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect/system-auth |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
system-auth |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*session\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect/system-auth |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
system-auth |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\h*session\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
session required pam_unix.so |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
session required pam_unix.so |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
required |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.2.5_Ensure_pam_unix_module_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5(1)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671091"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671091">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671091"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth sufficient pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth sufficient pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671094"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671094">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671094"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>account required pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>account required pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>required</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671098"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671098">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671098"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671100"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671100">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671100"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*session\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\h*session\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>session required pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>session required pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>required</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671104"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671104">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671104"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect/system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\h*auth\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth sufficient pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth sufficient pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671106"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671106">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671106"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect/system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\h*account\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>account required pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>account required pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>required</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671109"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671109">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671109"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+(required|requisite|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect/system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671113"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671113">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671113"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern ^\h*session\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect/system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\h*session\h+(required|requisite)\h+pam_unix\.so\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>session required pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>session required pam_unix.so</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>required</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5(1)
5.3.3 Configure PAM Arguments
Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) uses arguments to pass information to a pluggable
module during authentication for a particular module type. These arguments allow the
PAM configuration files for particular programs to use a common PAM module but in
different ways.
Invalid arguments are ignored and do not otherwise affect the success or failure of
the PAM module. When an invalid argument is passed, an error is usually written to
/var/log/messages
file. However, since the reporting method is controlled by the PAM module, the module
must be written correctly to log the error to this file.
5.3.3.1 Configure pam_faillock module
faillock.conf provides a way to configure the default settings for locking the user
after multiple failed authentication attempts. This file is read by the pam_faillock
module and is the preferred method over configuring pam_faillock directly.
The file has a very simple name = value format with possible comments starting with
# character. The whitespace at the beginning of line, end of line, and around the
=
sign is ignored.
Options:
- <dir=/path/to/tally-directory>
- The directory where the user files with the failure records are kept. The default
is /var/run/faillock. Note: These files will disappear after reboot on systems configured
with directory /var/run/faillock mounted on virtual memory.
- audit
- Will log the user name into the system log if the user is not found.
- silent
- Don't print informative messages to the user. Please note that when this option
is not used there will be difference in the authentication behavior for users which
exist on the system and non-existing users.
- no_log_info
- Don't log informative messages via syslog(3).
- local_users_only
- Only track failed user authentications attempts for local users in /etc/passwd and
ignore centralized (AD, IdM, LDAP, etc.) users. The faillock(8) command will also
no longer track user failed authentication attempts. Enabling this option will prevent
a double-lockout scenario where a user is locked out locally and in the centralized
mechanism.
- nodelay
- Don't enforce a delay after authentication failures.
- deny=<n>
- Deny access if the number of consecutive authentication failures for this user during
the recent interval exceeds
. The default is 3.
- fail_interval=n
- The length of the interval during which the consecutive authentication failures
must happen for the user account lock out is n seconds. The default is 900 (15 minutes).
- unlock_time=n
- The access will be re-enabled after n seconds after the lock out. The value 0 has
the same meaning as value never - the access will not be re-enabled without resetting
the faillock entries by the faillock(8) command. The default is 600 (10 minutes).
Note that the default directory that pam_faillock uses is usually cleared on system
boot so the access will be also re-enabled after system reboot. If that is undesirable
a different tally directory must be set with the dir option. Also note that it is
usually undesirable to permanently lock out users as they can become easily a target
of denial of service attack unless the usernames are random and kept secret to potential
attackers.
- even_deny_root
- Root account can become locked as well as regular accounts.
- root_unlock_time=n
- This option implies even_deny_root option. Allow access after n seconds to root
account after the account is locked. In case the option is not specified the value
is the same as of the unlock_time option.
- admin_group=name
- If a group name is specified with this option, members of the group will be handled
by this module the same as the root account (the options even_deny_root and root_unlock_time
will apply to them. By default the option is not set.
Example
/etc/security/faillock.conf
file:
deny=5
unlock_time=900
even_deny_root
Fail5.3.3.1.1 Ensure password failed attempts lockout is configured
Description:
The
deny=<n>
option will deny access if the number of consecutive authentication failures for this
user during the recent interval exceeds
.
Locking out user IDs after
n
unsuccessful consecutive login attempts mitigates brute force password attacks against
your systems.
Create or edit the following line in
/etc/security/faillock.conf
setting the
deny
option to
5
or less:
deny = 5
Run the following script to remove the
deny
argument from the
pam_faillock.so
module in the PAM files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*auth\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_faillock\.so.*)(\s+deny\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/faillock.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*deny\h*=\h*[1-5]\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?deny\h*=\h*(0|[6-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?deny\h*=\h*(0|[6-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.1.1_Ensure_password_failed_attempts_lockout_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/7"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671118"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671118">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671118"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/faillock.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*deny\h*=\h*[1-5]\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671122"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671122">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671122"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?deny\h*=\h*(0|[6-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671125"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671125">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671125"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?deny\h*=\h*(0|[6-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.7 |
| Label: |
Establish Process for Revoking Access |
| Description: |
Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling
accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee
or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation
of audit trails. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 6: Access Control Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to create, assign, manage, and revoke access credentials and
privileges for user, administrator, and service accounts for enterprise assets and
software. |
| Safeguard: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Establish an Access Revoking Process |
| Description: |
Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to enterprise
assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights revocation,
or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting accounts, may be
necessary to preserve audit trails. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.3.1.2 Ensure password unlock time is configured
Description:
unlock_time=<n>
- The access will be re-enabled after
seconds after the lock out. The value
0
has the same meaning as value never - the access will not be re-enabled without resetting
the faillock entries by the faillock(8) command.
Notes:
- The default directory that pam_faillock uses is usually cleared on system boot so
the access will be also re-enabled after system reboot. If that is undesirable a different
tally directory must be set with the dir option.
- It is usually undesirable to permanently lock out users as they can become easily
a target of denial of service attack unless the usernames are random and kept secret
to potential attackers.
-
The maximum configurable value for
unlock_time
is
604800
Locking out user IDs after
n
unsuccessful consecutive login attempts mitigates brute force password attacks against
your systems.
Set password unlock time to conform to site policy.
unlock_time
should be
0
(never), or
900
seconds or greater.
Edit
/etc/security/faillock.conf
and update or add the following line:
unlock_time = 900
Run the following script to remove the
unlock_time
argument from the
pam_faillock.so
module in the PAM files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*auth\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_faillock\.so.*)(\s+unlock_time\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
``
Impact:
Use of
unlock_time=0
may allow an attacker to cause denial of service to legitimate users. This will also
require a systems administrator with elevated privileges to unlock the account.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/faillock.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*unlock_time\h*=\h*(0|9[0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{3,})\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[1-8][0-9][0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[1-8][0-9][0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.1.2_Ensure_password_unlock_time_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/7"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671127"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671127">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671127"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/faillock.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*unlock_time\h*=\h*(0|9[0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{3,})\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671130"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671130">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671130"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[1-8][0-9][0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671134"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671134">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671134"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[1-8][0-9][0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.7 |
| Label: |
Establish Process for Revoking Access |
| Description: |
Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling
accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee
or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation
of audit trails. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 6: Access Control Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to create, assign, manage, and revoke access credentials and
privileges for user, administrator, and service accounts for enterprise assets and
software. |
| Safeguard: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Establish an Access Revoking Process |
| Description: |
Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to enterprise
assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights revocation,
or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting accounts, may be
necessary to preserve audit trails. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.3.1.3 Ensure password failed attempts lockout includes root account
Description:
even_deny_root
- Root account can become locked as well as regular accounts
root_unlock_time=n
- This option implies even_deny_root option. Allow access after n seconds to root
account after the account is locked. In case the option is not specified the value
is the same as of the unlock_time option.
Locking out user IDs after n unsuccessful consecutive login attempts mitigates brute
force password attacks against your systems.
Edit
/etc/security/faillock.conf
:
-
Remove or update any line containing
root_unlock_time
,
- OR -
set it to a value of
60
or more
- Update or add the following line:
even_deny_root
Run the following script to remove the
even_deny_root
and
root_unlock_time
arguments from the
pam_faillock.so
module in the PAM files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*auth\s+(.*)\s+pam_faillock\.so.*)(\s+even_deny_root)(.*$)/\1\4/' "$l_authselect_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*auth\s+(.*)\s+pam_faillock\.so.*)(\s+root_unlock_time\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
``
Impact:
Use of
unlock_time=0
or
root_unlock_time=0
may allow an attacker to cause denial of service to legitimate users.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/faillock.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*(even_deny_root|root_unlock_time\h*=\h*\d+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/security/faillock.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*root_unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-5][0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?root_unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-5][0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?root_unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-5][0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.1.3_Ensure_password_failed_attempts_lockout_includes_root_account"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/7"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671140"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671140">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671140"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/faillock.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(even_deny_root|root_unlock_time\h*=\h*\d+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671143"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671143">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671143"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/security/faillock.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*root_unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-5][0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671147"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671147">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671147"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?root_unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-5][0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671150"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671150">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671150"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_faillock\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?root_unlock_time\h*=\h*([1-9]|[1-5][0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.7 |
| Label: |
Establish Process for Revoking Access |
| Description: |
Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling
accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee
or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation
of audit trails. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 6: Access Control Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to create, assign, manage, and revoke access credentials and
privileges for user, administrator, and service accounts for enterprise assets and
software. |
| Safeguard: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Establish an Access Revoking Process |
| Description: |
Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to enterprise
assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights revocation,
or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting accounts, may be
necessary to preserve audit trails. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5.3.3.2 Configure pam_pwquality module
The
pam_pwquality.so
module checks the strength of passwords. It performs checks such as making sure a
password is not a dictionary word, it is a certain length, contains a mix of characters
(e.g. alphabet, numeric, other) and more.
These checks are configurable by either:
- use of the module arguments
-
modifying the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
configuration file
-
creating a
.conf
file in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/
directory.
Note:
The module arguments override the settings in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
configuration file. Settings in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
configuration file override settings in a
.conf
file in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/
directory.
Fail5.3.3.2.1 Ensure password number of changed characters is configured
Description:
The
pwqualitydifok
option sets the number of characters in a password that must not be present in the
old password.
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise
the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness
of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to
crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible
combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Create or modify a file ending in
.conf
in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/
directory or the file
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
and add or modify the following line to set
difok
to
2
or more. Ensure setting conforms to local site policy:
difok = 2
Example:
# sed -ri 's/^\s*difok\s*=/# &/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf
# printf '\n%s' "difok = 2" >> /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/50-pwdifok.conf
Run the following script to remove setting
difok
on the
pam_pwquality.so
module in the PAM files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+difok\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([0-1])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([0-1])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?difok\h*=\h*([0-1])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?difok\h*=\h*([0-1])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists
and matches pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.2.1_Ensure_password_number_of_changed_characters_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671161"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671161">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671161"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([0-1])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671166"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671166">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671166"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([0-1])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671170"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671170">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671170"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?difok\h*=\h*([0-1])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671173"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671173">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671173"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?difok\h*=\h*([0-1])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671155"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671155">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671155"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671158"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671158">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671158"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.3.2.2 Ensure password length is configured
Description:
minlen
- Minimum acceptable size for the new password (plus one if credits are not disabled
which is the default). Cannot be set to lower value than 6.
Strong passwords protect systems from being hacked through brute force methods.
Create or modify a file ending in
.conf
in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/
directory or the file
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
and add or modify the following line to set password length of
14
or more characters. Ensure that password length conforms to local site policy:
Example:
# sed -ri 's/^\s*minlen\s*=/# &/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf
# printf '\n%s' "minlen = 14" >> /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/50-pwlength.conf
Run the following script to remove setting
minlen
on the
pam_pwquality.so
module in the PAM files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+minlen\s*=\s*[0-9]+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*minlen\h*=\h*(1[0-3]|[0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*minlen\h*=\h*(1[0-3]|[0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?minlen\h*=\h*([0-9]|1[0-3])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?minlen\h*=\h*([0-9]|1[0-3])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*minlen\h*=\h*(1[4-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,})\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists
and matches pattern (?i)^\h*minlen\h*=\h*(1[4-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,})\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.2.2_Ensure_password_length_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">pam_pwquality(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671185"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671185">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671185"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*minlen\h*=\h*(1[0-3]|[0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671187"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671187">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671187"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*minlen\h*=\h*(1[0-3]|[0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671191"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671191">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671191"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?minlen\h*=\h*([0-9]|1[0-3])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671194"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671194">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671194"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?minlen\h*=\h*([0-9]|1[0-3])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671177"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671177">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671177"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*minlen\h*=\h*(1[4-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,})\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671180"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671180">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671180"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*minlen\h*=\h*(1[4-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,})\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: pam_pwquality(8)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual5.3.3.2.3 Ensure password complexity is configured
Description:
Password complexity can be set through:
- minclass
- The minimum number of classes of characters required in a new password. (digits,
uppercase, lowercase, others). e.g.
minclass = 4
requires digits, uppercase, lower case, and special characters.
- dcredit
- The maximum credit for having digits in the new password. If less than
0
it is the minimum number of digits in the new password. e.g.
dcredit = -1
requires at least one digit
- ucredit
- The maximum credit for having uppercase characters in the new password. If less
than 0 it is the minimum number of uppercase characters in the new password. e.g.
ucredit = -1
requires at least one uppercase character
- ocredit
- The maximum credit for having other characters in the new password. If less than
0 it is the minimum number of other characters in the new password. e.g.
ocredit = -1
requires at least one special character
- lcredit
- The maximum credit for having lowercase characters in the new password. If less
than 0 it is the minimum number of lowercase characters in the new password. e.g.
lcredit = -1
requires at least one lowercase character
Strong passwords protect systems from being hacked through brute force methods.
Create or modify a file ending in
.conf
in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/
directory or the file
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
and add or modify the following line to set:
--AND/OR--
- dcredit = -_N_
- ucredit = -_N_
- ocredit = -_N_
- lcredit = -_N_
Example:
# sed -ri 's/^\s*minclass\s*=/# &/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf
# printf '\n%s' "minclass = 4" >> /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/50-pwcomplexity.conf
--AND/OR--
# sed -ri 's/^\s*[dulo]credit\s*=/# &/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf
# printf '%s\n' "dcredit = -1" "ucredit = -1" "ocredit = -1" "lcredit = -1" > /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/50-pwcomplexity.conf
Run the following script to remove setting
minclass
,
dcredit
,
ucredit
,
lcredit
, and
ocredit
on the
pam_pwquality.so
module in the PAM files
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+minclass\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+dcredit\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+ucredit\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+lcredit\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+ocredit\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_pwquality_complexity_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "dcredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file
- - "ucredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file
- - "lcredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file
- - "ocredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file
- - "minclass" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.2.3_Ensure_password_complexity_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.356+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">pam_pwquality(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">PWQUALITY.CONF(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_pwquality_complexity_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_pwquality_complexity_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_pwquality_complexity_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l/>
<l> - "dcredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</l>
<l> - "ucredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</l>
<l> - "lcredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</l>
<l> - "ocredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</l>
<l> - "minclass" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_pwquality_complexity_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li/>
<li> - "dcredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</li>
<li> - "ucredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</li>
<li> - "lcredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</li>
<li> - "ocredit" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</li>
<li> - "minclass" is not set in a pwquality configuration file or a PAM file</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: pam_pwquality(8)
- URL: PWQUALITY.CONF(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.3.2.4 Ensure password same consecutive characters is configured
Description:
The
pwqualitymaxrepeat
option sets the maximum number of allowed same consecutive characters in a new password.
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise
the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness
of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to
crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible
combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Create or modify a file ending in
.conf
in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/
directory or the file
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
and add or modify the following line to set
maxrepeat
to
3
or less and not
0
. Ensure setting conforms to local site policy:
Example:
# sed -ri 's/^\s*maxrepeat\s*=/# &/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf
# printf '\n%s' "maxrepeat = 3" >> /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/50-pwrepeat.conf
Run the following script to remove setting
maxrepeat
on the
pam_pwquality.so
module in the PAM files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+maxrepeat\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+]\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?maxrepeat\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?maxrepeat\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*[1-3]\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists
and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*[1-3]\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.2.4_Ensure_password_same_consecutive_characters_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671211"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671211">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671211"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671214"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671214">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671214"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+]\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671219"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671219">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671219"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?maxrepeat\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671222"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671222">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671222"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?maxrepeat\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671203"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671203">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671203"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*[1-3]\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671206"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671206">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671206"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*[1-3]\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.3.2.5 Ensure password maximum sequential characters is configured
Description:
The
pwqualitymaxsequence
option sets the maximum length of monotonic character sequences in the new password.
Examples of such sequence are
12345
or
fedcb
. The check is disabled if the value is
0
.
Note:
Most such passwords will not pass the simplicity check unless the sequence is only
a minor part of the password.
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise
the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness
of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to
crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible
combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Create or modify a file ending in
.conf
in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/
directory or the file
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
and add or modify the following line to set
maxsequence
to
3
or less and not
0
. Ensure setting conforms to local site policy:
Example:
# sed -ri 's/^\s*maxsequence\s*=/# &/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf
# printf '\n%s' "maxsequence = 3" >> /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/50-pwmaxsequence.conf
Run the following script to remove setting
maxsequence
on the
pam_pwquality.so
module in the PAM files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+maxsequence\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxsequence\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*maxsequence\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?maxsequence\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?maxsequence\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*maxsequence\h*=\h*[1-3]\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists
and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxsequence\h*=\h*[1-3]\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.2.5_Ensure_password_maximum_sequential_characters_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671236"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671236">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671236"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxsequence\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671239"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671239">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671239"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxsequence\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671244"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671244">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671244"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?maxsequence\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671248"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671248">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671248"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?maxsequence\h*=\h*(0|[4-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671227"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671227">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671227"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxsequence\h*=\h*[1-3]\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671230"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671230">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671230"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxsequence\h*=\h*[1-3]\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.3.3.2.6 Ensure password dictionary check is enabled
Description:
The
pwqualitydictcheck
option sets whether to check for the words from the
cracklib
dictionary.
If the operating system allows the user to select passwords based on dictionary words,
this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the opportunity for
successful guesses, and brute-force attacks.
Edit any file ending in
.conf
in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/
directory and/or the file
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
and comment out or remove any instance of
dictcheck = 0
:
Example:
# sed -ri 's/^\s*dictcheck\s*=/# &/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/*.conf
Run the following script to remove setting
dictcheck
on the
pam_pwquality.so
module in the PAM files:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwquality\.so.*)(\s+dictcheck\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*dictcheck\h*=\h*0\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches
pattern (?i)^\h*dictcheck\h*=\h*0\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?dictcheck\h*=\h*0\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?dictcheck\h*=\h*0\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.2.6_Ensure_password_dictionary_check_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671252"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671252">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671252"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*dictcheck\h*=\h*0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671255"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671255">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671255"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*dictcheck\h*=\h*0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671258"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671258">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671258"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?dictcheck\h*=\h*0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671260"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671260">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671260"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwquality\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?dictcheck\h*=\h*0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.3.2.7 Ensure password quality is enforced for the root user
Description:
If the
pwqualityenforce_for_root
option is enabled, the module will return error on failed check even if the user changing
the password is root.
This option is off by default which means that just the message about the failed check
is printed but root can change the password anyway.
Note:
The root is not asked for an old password so the checks that compare the old and new
password are not performed.
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise
the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness
of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to
crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible
combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Edit or add the following line in a
*.conf
file in
/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d
or in
/etc/security/pwquality.conf
:
Example:
printf '\n%s\n' "enforce_for_root" >> /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/50-pwroot.conf
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*enforce_for_root\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists
and matches pattern (?i)^\h*enforce_for_root\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.2.7_Ensure_password_quality_is_enforced_for_the_root_user"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671263"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671263">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671263"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*enforce_for_root\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671266"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671266">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671266"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*enforce_for_root\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5.3.3.3 Configure pam_pwhistory module
pam_pwhistory
- PAM module to remember last passwords
pam_history.so
module - This module saves the last passwords for each user in order to force password
change history and keep the user from alternating between the same password too frequently.
This module does not work together with kerberos. In general, it does not make much
sense to use this module in conjunction with
NIS
or
LDAP
, since the old passwords are stored on the local machine and are not available on
another machine for password history checking.
Options:
- debug
- Turns on debugging via syslog(3).
- use_authtok
- When password changing enforce the module to use the new password provided by a
previously stacked password module (this is used in the example of the stacking of
the
pam_passwdqc module
documented below).
- enforce_for_root
- If this option is set, the check is enforced for root, too.
- remember=<N>
- The last
<N>
passwords for each user are saved. The default is
10
. Value of
0
makes the module to keep the existing contents of the opasswd file unchanged.
- retry=<N>
- Prompt user at most
<N>
times before returning with error. The default is
1
.
- authtok_type=<STRING>
- See pam_get_authtok(3) for more details.
- conf=</path/to/config-file>
- Use another configuration file instead of the default
/etc/security/pwhistory.conf
.
Examples:
An example password section would be:
#%PAM-1.0
password required pam_pwhistory.so
password required pam_unix.so use_authtok
In combination with pam_passwdqc:
#%PAM-1.0
password required pam_passwdqc.so config=/etc/passwdqc.conf
password required pam_pwhistory.so use_authtok
password required pam_unix.so use_authtok
The options for configuring the module behavior are described in the pwhistory.conf(5)
manual page. The options specified on the module command line override the values
from the configuration file.
pwhistory.conf
provides a way to configure the default settings for saving the last passwords for
each user. This file is read by the pam_pwhistory module and is the preferred method
over configuring pam_pwhistory directly.
The file has a very simple name = value format with possible comments starting with
# character. The whitespace at the beginning of line, end of line, and around the
=
sign is ignored.
Options:
- debug
- Turns on debugging via syslog(3).
- enforce_for_root
- If this option is set, the check is enforced for root, too.
- remember=<N>
- The last
<N>
passwords for each user are saved. The default is
10
. Value of
0
makes the module to keep the existing contents of the opasswd file unchanged.
- retry=<N>
- Prompt user at most
<N>
times before returning with error. The default is
1
.
- file=</path/filename>
- Store password history in file
</path/filename>
rather than the default location. The default location is
/etc/security/opasswd
.
Fail5.3.3.3.1 Ensure password history remember is configured
Description:
The
/etc/security/opasswd
file stores the users' old passwords and can be checked to ensure that users are not
recycling recent passwords. The number of passwords remembered is set via the remember
argument value in set for the
pam_pwhistory
module.
-
remember=<N> -
<N>
is the number of old passwords to remember
Requiring users not to reuse their passwords make it less likely that an attacker
will be able to guess the password or use a compromised password.
Note:
These change only apply to accounts configured on the local system.
Edit or add the following line in
/etc/security/pwhistory.conf
:
remember = 24
Run the following script to remove the
remember
argument from the
pam_pwhistory.so
module in
/etc/pam.d/system-auth
and
/etc/pam.d/password-auth
:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_authselect_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep
'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwhistory\.so.*)(\s+remember\s*=\s*\S+)(.*$)/\1\4/'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
authselect apply-changes
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwhistory.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*remember\h*=\h*(2[4-9]|[3-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,})\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=(2[0-3]|1[0-9]|[0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=(2[0-3]|1[0-9]|[0-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.3.1_Ensure_password_history_remember_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5(1)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671271"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671271">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671271"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwhistory.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*remember\h*=\h*(2[4-9]|[3-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,})\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671274"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671274">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671274"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=(2[0-3]|1[0-9]|[0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671277"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671277">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671277"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=(2[0-3]|1[0-9]|[0-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5(1)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.3.3.2 Ensure password history is enforced for the root user
Description:
If the
pwhistoryenforce_for_root
option is enabled, the module will enforce password history for the root user as well
Requiring users not to reuse their passwords make it less likely that an attacker
will be able to guess the password or use a compromised password
Note:
These change only apply to accounts configured on the local system.
Edit or add the following line in
/etc/security/pwhistory.conf
:
enforce_for_root
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwhistory.conf exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*enforce_for_root\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.3.2_Ensure_password_history_is_enforced_for_the_root_user"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671280"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671280">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671280"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwhistory.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*enforce_for_root\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.3.3.3.3 Ensure pam_pwhistory includes use_authtok
Description:
use_authtok
- When password changing enforce the module to set the new password to the one provided
by a previously stacked password module
use_authtok
allows multiple pam modules to confirm a new password before it is accepted.
Run the following script to verify the active authselect profile includes
use_authtok
on the password stack's
pam_pwhistory.so
module lines:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
grep -P -- '^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?use_authtok\b'
"$l_pam_profile_path"/{password,system}-auth
}
Example output:
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:password required pam_pwhistory.so
use_authtok
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:password required pam_pwhistory.so
use_authtok
- IF -
the output does not include
use_authtok
, run the following script:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
for l_authselect_file in "$l_pam_profile_path"/password-auth "$l_pam_profile_path"/system-auth;
do
if grep -Pq '^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?use_authtok\b'
"$l_authselect_file"; then
echo "- \"use_authtok\" is already set"
else
echo "- \"use_authtok\" is not set. Updating template"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_pwhistory\.so\s+.*)$/&
use_authtok/g' "$l_authselect_file"
fi
done
}
Run the following command to update the
password-auth
and
system-auth
files in
/etc/pam.d
to include the
use_authtok
argument on the password stack's
pam_pwhistory.so
lines:
# authselect apply-changes
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+use_authtok\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+use_authtok\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.3.3_Ensure_pam_pwhistory_includes_use_authtok"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671282"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671282">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671282"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+use_authtok\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671284"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671284">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671284"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_pwhistory\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+use_authtok\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials |
| Description: |
Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.11 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption, meets
the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods may include
application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption, where access to
the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text data. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5.3.3.4 Configure pam_unix module
The
pam_unix.so
module is the standard Unix authentication module. It uses standard calls from the
system's libraries to retrieve and set account information as well as authentication.
Usually this is obtained from the
/etc/passwd
and the
/etc/shadow
file as well if shadow is enabled.
Fail5.3.3.4.1 Ensure pam_unix does not include nullok
Description:
The
nullok
argument overrides the default action of
pam_unix.so
to not permit the user access to a service if their official password is blank.
Using a strong password is essential to helping protect personal and sensitive information
from unauthorized access
Run the following script to verify that the active authselect profile's
system-auth
and
password-auth
files include
{if not "without-nullok":nullok}- OR -
don't include the
nullok
option on the
pam_unix.so
module:
{
l_module_name="unix"
l_profile_name="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if [[ ! "$l_profile_name" =~ ^custom\/ ]]; then
echo " - Follow Recommendation \"Ensure custom authselect profile is used\" and then
return to this Recommendation"
else
grep -P -- "\bpam_$l_module_name\.so\b" /etc/authselect/$l_profile_name/{password,system}-auth
fi
}
Example output with a custom profile named "custom-profile":
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:auth sufficient pam_unix.so
{if not "without-nullok":nullok}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:account required pam_unix.so
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:session required pam_unix.so
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:auth sufficient pam_unix.so
{if not "without-nullok":nullok}
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:account required pam_unix.so
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:session required pam_unix.so
- IF -
any line is returned with
nullok
that doesn't also include
{if not "without-nullok":nullok}
, run the following script:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
for l_pam_file in system-auth password-auth; do
l_file="/etc/authselect/$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf | grep 'custom/')/$l_pam_file"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_unix\.so\s+.*)(nullok)(\s*.*)$/\1\2\4/g'
$l_file
done
}
- IF -
any line is returned with
{if not "without-nullok":nullok}
, run the following command to enable the authselect
without-nullok
feature:
# authselect enable-feature without-nullok
Run the following command to update the files in
/etc/pam.d
to include
pam_unix.so
without the
nullok
argument:
# authselect apply-changes
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(auth|account|password|session)\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?nullok\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect/system-auth |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
system-auth |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
auth |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(auth|account|password|session)\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?nullok\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
auth |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.4.1_Ensure_pam_unix_does_not_include_nullok"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671287"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671287">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671287"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(auth|account|password|session)\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?nullok\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect/system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671289"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671289">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671289"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*(auth|account|password|session)\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?nullok\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.3.3.4.2 Ensure pam_unix does not include remember
Description:
The
remember=n
argument saves the last n passwords for each user in
/etc/security/opasswd
in order to force password change history and keep the user from alternating between
the same password too frequently. The MD5 password hash algorithm is used for storing
the old passwords. Instead of this option the
pam_pwhistory
module should be used. The
pam_pwhistory
module saves the last n passwords for each user in
/etc/security/opasswd
using the password hash algorithm set on the
pam_unix
module. This allows for the
sha512
hash algorithm to be used.
The
remember=n
argument should be removed to ensure a strong password hashing algorithm is being
used. A stronger hash provides additional protection to the system by increasing the
level of effort needed for an attacker to successfully determine local user's old
passwords stored in
/etc/security/opasswd
.
Run the following script to verify the active authselect profile doesn't include the
remember
argument on the
pam_unix.so
module lines:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
grep -P -- '^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_unix\.so\b' "$l_pam_profile_path"/{password,system}-auth
}
Output should be similar to:
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
- IF -
any line includes
remember=
, run the following script to remove the
remember=
from the
pam_unix.so
lines in the active authselect profile
password-auth
and system-auth` templates:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
for l_authselect_file in "$l_pam_profile_path"/password-auth "$l_pam_profile_path"/system-auth;
do
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_unix\.so\s+.*)(remember=[1-9][0-9]*)(\s*.*)$/\1\4/g'
"$l_authselect_file"
done
}
Run the following command to update the
password-auth
and system-auth
files in
/etc/pam.d
to include pam_unix.so without the remember
argument:
# authselect apply-changes
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.4.2_Ensure_pam_unix_does_not_include_remember"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671291"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671291">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671291"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671293"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671293">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671293"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.3.3.4.3 Ensure pam_unix includes a strong password hashing algorithm
Description:
A cryptographic hash function converts an arbitrary-length input into a fixed length
output. Password hashing performs a one-way transformation of a password, turning
the password into another string, called the hashed password.
The
SHA-512
and
yescrypt
algorithms provide a stronger hash than other algorithms used by Linux for password
hash generation. A stronger hash provides additional protection to the system by increasing
the level of effort needed for an attacker to successfully determine local user passwords.
Note:
These changes only apply to the local system.
Note:
-
It is highly recommended that the chosen hashing algorithm is consistent across
/etc/libuser.conf
,
/etc/login.defs
,
/etc/pam.d/password-auth
, and
/etc/pam.d/system-auth
.
-
This only effects local users and passwords created after updating the files to use
sha512
or
yescrypt
. If it is determined that the password algorithm being used is not
sha512
or
yescrypt
, once it is changed, it is recommended that all user ID's be immediately expired
and forced to change their passwords on next login.
Run the following script to verify the active authselect profile includes a strong
password hashing algorithm on the password stack's pam_unix.so module lines:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
grep -P -- '^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(sha512|yescrypt)\b'
"$l_pam_profile_path"/{password,system}-auth
}
Example output:
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
- IF -
the output does not include either
sha512- OR -yescrypt
, or includes a different hashing algorithm, run the following script:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
for l_authselect_file in "$l_pam_profile_path"/password-auth "$l_pam_profile_path"/system-auth;
do
if grep -Pq '^\h*password\h+()\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(sha512|yescrypt)\b'
"$l_authselect_file"; then
echo "- A strong password hashing algorithm is correctly set"
elif grep -Pq '^\h*password\h+()\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(md5|bigcrypt|sha256|blowfish)\b'
"$l_authselect_file"; then
echo "- A weak password hashing algorithm is set, updating to \"sha512\""
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_unix\.so\s+.*)(md5|bigcrypt|sha256|blowfish)(\s*.*)$/\1\4
sha512/g' "$l_authselect_file"
else
echo "No password hashing algorithm is set, updating to \"sha512\""
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_unix\.so\s+.*)$/&
sha512/g' "$l_authselect_file"
fi
done
}
Run the following command to update the
password-auth
and
system-auth
files in
/etc/pam.d
to include
pam_unix.so
with a strong password hashing algorithm argument:
# authselect apply-changes
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+(sha512|yescrypt)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sha512 |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+(sha512|yescrypt)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect/system-auth |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
system-auth |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sha512 |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.4.3_Ensure_pam_unix_includes_a_strong_password_hashing_algorithm"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671295"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671295">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671295"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+(sha512|yescrypt)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sha512</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671297"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671297">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671297"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+(sha512|yescrypt)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect/system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sha512</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials |
| Description: |
Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.11 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption, meets
the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods may include
application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption, where access to
the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text data. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.3.3.4.4 Ensure pam_unix includes use_authtok
Description:
use_authtok
- When password changing enforce the module to set the new password to the one provided
by a previously stacked password module
use_authtok
allows multiple pam modules to confirm a new password before it is accepted.
Run the following script to verify the active authselect profile includes
use_authtok
on the password stack's
pam_unix.so
module lines:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
grep -P -- '^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?use_authtok\b'
"$l_pam_profile_path"/{password,system}-auth
}
Example output:
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/password-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
/etc/authselect/custom/custom-profile/system-auth:password sufficient pam_unix.so
sha512 shadow {if not "without-nullok":nullok} use_authtok
- IF -
the output does not include
use_authtok
, run the following script:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_pam_profile="$(head -1 /etc/authselect/authselect.conf)"
if grep -Pq -- '^custom\/' <<< "$l_pam_profile"; then
l_pam_profile_path="/etc/authselect/$l_pam_profile"
else
l_pam_profile_path="/usr/share/authselect/default/$l_pam_profile"
fi
for l_authselect_file in "$l_pam_profile_path"/password-auth "$l_pam_profile_path"/system-auth;
do
if grep -Pq '^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+)\h+pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?use_authtok\b'
"$l_authselect_file"; then
echo "- \"use_authtok\" is already set"
else
echo "- \"use_authtok\" is not set. Updating template"
sed -ri 's/(^\s*password\s+(requisite|required|sufficient)\s+pam_unix\.so\s+.*)$/&
use_authtok/g' "$l_authselect_file"
fi
done
}
Run the following command to update the
password-auth
and
system-auth
files in
/etc/pam.d
to include the
use_authtok
argument on the password stack's
pam_unix.so
lines:
# authselect apply-changes
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+use_authtok\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sha512 shadow nullok |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+use_authtok\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect/system-auth |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/authselect |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
system-auth |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
OBFUSCATED [PWD] |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sufficient |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
sha512 shadow nullok |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.3.3.4.4_Ensure_pam_unix_includes_use_authtok"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671298"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671298">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671298"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/password-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+use_authtok\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> sha512 shadow nullok</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671299"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671299">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671299"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+(requisite|required|sufficient)\h+pam_unix\.so(\h+[^#\n\r]+)?\h+use_authtok\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect/system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/authselect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>system-auth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>sufficient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td> sha512 shadow nullok</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials |
| Description: |
Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.11 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption, meets
the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods may include
application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption, where access to
the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text data. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5.4 User Accounts and Environment
This section provides guidance on setting up secure defaults for system and user accounts
and their environment.
5.4.1 Configure shadow password suite parameters
While a majority of the password control parameters have been moved to PAM, some parameters
are still available through the shadow password suite. Any changes made to
/etc/login.defs
will only be applied if the
usermod
command is used. If user IDs are added a different way, use the
chage
command to effect changes to individual user IDs.
Fail5.4.1.1 Ensure password expiration is configured
Description:
The
PASS_MAX_DAYS
parameter in
/etc/login.defs
allows an administrator to force passwords to expire once they reach a defined age.
PASS_MAX_DAYS<N>
- The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is older than
this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 will be assumed (which
disables the restriction).
The window of opportunity for an attacker to leverage compromised credentials or successfully
compromise credentials via an online brute force attack is limited by the age of the
password. Therefore, reducing the maximum age of a password also reduces an attacker's
window of opportunity.
We recommend a yearly password change. This is primarily because for all their good
intentions users will share credentials across accounts. Therefore, even if a breach
is publicly identified, the user may not see this notification, or forget they have
an account on that site. This could leave a shared credential vulnerable indefinitely.
Having an organizational policy of a 1-year (annual) password expiration is a reasonable
compromise to mitigate this with minimal user burden.
Set the
PASS_MAX_DAYS
parameter to conform to site policy in
/etc/login.defs
:
PASS_MAX_DAYS 365
Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:
# chage --maxdays 365 <user>
Edit
/etc/login.defs
and set
PASS_MAX_DAYS
to a value greater than
0
that follows local site policy:
Example:
PASS_MAX_DAYS 365
Run the following command to modify user parameters for all users with a password
set to a maximum age no greater than
365
or less than
1
that follows local site policy:
# chage --maxdays <N> <user>
Example:
# awk -F: '($2~/^\$.+\$/) {if($5 > 365 || $5 < 1)system ("chage --maxdays 365 " $1)}'
/etc/shadow
Warning:
If a password has been set at system install or kickstart, the
last change date
field is not set, In this case, setting
PASS_MAX_DAYS
will immediately expire the password. One possible solution is to populate the
last change date
field through a command like:
chage -d "$(date +%Y-%m-%d)" root
Impact:
The password expiration must be greater than the minimum days between password changes
or users will be unable to change their password.
Excessive password expiration requirements do more harm than good, because these requirements
make users select predictable passwords, composed of sequential words and numbers
that are closely related to each other. In these cases, the next password can be predicted
based on the previous one (incrementing a number used in the password for
example). Also, password expiration requirements offer no containment benefits because
attackers will often use credentials as soon as they compromise them. Instead, immediate
password changes should be based on key events including, but not limited to:
- Indication of compromise
- Change of user roles
- When a user leaves the organization.
Not only does changing passwords every few weeks or months frustrate the user, it’s
been suggested that it does more harm than good, because it could lead to bad practices
by the user such as adding a character to the end of their existing password.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_MAX_DAYS\h+(36[0-5]|3[0-5][0-9]|[1-2][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All local users "PASS_MAX_DAYS" is not ">" than "365"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All local users "PASS_MAX_DAYS" is not "<" than "1"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1.1_Ensure_password_expiration_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">CIS Password Policy Guide</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5678215"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5678215">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5678215"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_MAX_DAYS\h+(36[0-5]|3[0-5][0-9]|[1-2][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5678216_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - All local users "PASS_MAX_DAYS" is not ">" than "365"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - All local users "PASS_MAX_DAYS" is not ">" than "365"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5678217_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - All local users "PASS_MAX_DAYS" is not "<" than "1"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - All local users "PASS_MAX_DAYS" is not "<" than "1"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: CIS Password Policy Guide
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual5.4.1.2 Ensure minimum password days is configured
Description:
PASS_MIN_DAYS
<
N
> - The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password changes
attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, 0 will be assumed (which
disables the restriction).
Users may have favorite passwords that they like to use because they are easy to remember
and they believe that their password choice is secure from compromise. Unfortunately,
passwords are compromised and if an attacker is targeting a specific individual user
account, with foreknowledge of data about that user, reuse of old, potentially compromised
passwords, may cause a security breach.
By restricting the frequency of password changes, an administrator can prevent users
from repeatedly changing their password in an attempt to circumvent password reuse
controls
Edit
/etc/login.defs
and set
PASS_MIN_DAYS
to a value greater than
0
that follows local site policy:
Example:
PASS_MIN_DAYS 1
Run the following command to modify user parameters for all users with a password
set to a minimum days greater than zero that follows local site policy:
# chage --mindays <N> <user>
Example:
# awk -F: '($2~/^\$.+\$/) {if($4 < 1)system ("chage --mindays 1 " $1)}' /etc/shadow
Impact:
If a users password is set by other personnel as a procedure in dealing with a lost
or expired password, the user should be forced to update this "set" password with
their own password. e.g. force "change at next logon".
If it is not possible to have a user set their own password immediately, and this
recommendation or local site procedure may cause a user to continue using a third
party generated password,
PASS_MIN_DAYS
for the effected user should be temporally changed to
0
, to allow a user to change their password immediately.
For applications where the user is not using the password at console, the ability
to "change at next logon" may be limited. This may cause a user to continue to use
a password created by other personnel.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_MIN_DAYS\h+[1-9][0-9]*\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All local users "PASS_MIN_DAYS" is not "<" than "1"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1.2_Ensure_minimum_password_days_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">CIS Password Policy Guide</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671303"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671303">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671303"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_MIN_DAYS\h+[1-9][0-9]*\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671304_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - All local users "PASS_MIN_DAYS" is not "<" than "1"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - All local users "PASS_MIN_DAYS" is not "<" than "1"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: CIS Password Policy Guide
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.4.1.3 Ensure password expiration warning days is configured
Description:
The
PASS_WARN_AGE
parameter in
/etc/login.defs
allows an administrator to notify users that their password will expire in a defined
number of days.
PASS_WARN_AGE<N>
- The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means warning
is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given.
If not specified, no warning will be provided.
Providing an advance warning that a password will be expiring gives users time to
think of a secure password. Users caught unaware may choose a simple password or write
it down where it may be discovered.
Edit
/etc/login.defs
and set
PASS_WARN_AGE
to a value of
7
or more that follows local site policy:
Example:
PASS_WARN_AGE 7
Run the following command to modify user parameters for all users with a password
set to a minimum warning to
7
or more days that follows local site policy:
# chage --warndays <N> <user>
Example:
# awk -F: '($2~/^\$.+\$/) {if($6 < 7)system ("chage --warndays 7 " $1)}' /etc/shadow
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_WARN_AGE\h+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/login.defs |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
login.defs |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*PASS_WARN_AGE\h+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
PASS_WARN_AGE 7 |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
PASS_WARN_AGE 7 |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
7 |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Script: |
sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All local users "PASS_WARN_AGE" is not "<" than "7"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671305"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671305">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671305"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_WARN_AGE\h+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*PASS_WARN_AGE\h+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>PASS_WARN_AGE 7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>PASS_WARN_AGE 7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671306_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - All local users "PASS_WARN_AGE" is not "<" than "7"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - All local users "PASS_WARN_AGE" is not "<" than "7"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.1 |
| Label: |
Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process |
| Description: |
Establish and maintain a secure configuration process for enterprise assets (end-user
devices, including portable and mobile, non-computing/IoT devices, and servers) and
software (operating systems and applications). Review and update documentation annually,
or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.4.1.4 Ensure strong password hashing algorithm is configured
Description:
A cryptographic hash function converts an arbitrary-length input into a fixed length
output. Password hashing performs a one-way transformation of a password, turning
the password into another string, called the hashed password.
ENCRYPT_METHOD
(string) - This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords
(if no algorithm are specified on the command line). It can take one of these values:
- MD5
- MD5-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password
- SHA256
- SHA256-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password
- SHA512
- SHA512-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password
- BCRYPT
- BCRYPT-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password
- YESCRYPT
- YESCRYPT-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password
- DES
- DES-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password (default)
Note:
-
This parameter overrides the deprecated
MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
variable.
- This parameter will only affect the generation of group passwords.
- The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration.
- It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.
The
SHA-512
and
yescrypt
algorithms provide a stronger hash than other algorithms used by Linux for password
hash generation. A stronger hash provides additional protection to the system by increasing
the level of effort needed for an attacker to successfully determine local group passwords.
Edit
/etc/login.defs
and set the
ENCRYPT_METHOD
to
SHA512
or
YESCRYPT
:
ENCRYPT_METHOD <HASHING_ALGORITHM>
Example:
ENCRYPT_METHOD YESCRYPT
Note:
-
This only effects local groups' passwords created after updating the file to use
sha512
or
yescrypt
.
-
If it is determined that the password algorithm being used is not
sha512
or
yescrypt
, once it is changed, it is recommended that all group passwords be updated to use
the stronger hashing algorithm.
-
It is recommended that the chosen hashing algorithm is consistent across
/etc/login.defs
and the PAM configuration
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ENCRYPT_METHOD\h+(SHA512|YESCRYPT)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/login.defs |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
login.defs |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
(?i)^\h*ENCRYPT_METHOD\h+(SHA512|YESCRYPT)\b |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512 |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512 |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
SHA512 |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1.4_Ensure_strong_password_hashing_algorithm_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.357+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671307"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671307">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671307"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ENCRYPT_METHOD\h+(SHA512|YESCRYPT)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>login.defs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(?i)^\h*ENCRYPT_METHOD\h+(SHA512|YESCRYPT)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>SHA512</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials |
| Description: |
Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.11 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption, meets
the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods may include
application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption, where access to
the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text data. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.4.1.5 Ensure inactive password lock is configured
Description:
User accounts that have been inactive for over a given period of time can be automatically
disabled.
INACTIVE
- Defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the
user is expected to replace this password.
The value is stored in the shadow password file. An input of
0
will disable an expired password with no delay. An input of
-1
will blank the respective field in the shadow password file.
Inactive accounts pose a threat to system security since the users are not logging
in to notice failed login attempts or other anomalies.
Run the following command to set the default password inactivity period to 45 days
or less that meets local site policy:
# useradd -D -f <N>
Example:
# useradd -D -f 45
Run the following command to modify user parameters for all users with a password
set to a inactive age of
45
days or less that follows local site policy:
# chage --inactive <N> <user>
Example:
# awk -F: '($2~/^\$.+\$/) {if($7 > 45 || $7 < 0)system ("chage --inactive 45 " $1)}'
/etc/shadow
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/useradd exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*INACTIVE\h*=\h*(4[0-5]|[1-3][0-9]|[1-9])\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All local users "INACTIVE" is not ">" than "45"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All local users "INACTIVE" is not "<" than "1"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1.5_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">CIS Password Policy Guide</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671308"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671308">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671308"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/useradd exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*INACTIVE\h*=\h*(4[0-5]|[1-3][0-9]|[1-9])\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671309_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - All local users "INACTIVE" is not ">" than "45"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - All local users "INACTIVE" is not ">" than "45"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671310_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - All local users "INACTIVE" is not "<" than "1"</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_shadow_field_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - All local users "INACTIVE" is not "<" than "1"</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: CIS Password Policy Guide
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.4.1.6 Ensure all users last password change date is in the past
Description:
All users should have a password change date in the past.
If a user's recorded password change date is in the future, then they could bypass
any set password expiration.
Investigate any users with a password change date in the future and correct them.
Locking the account, expiring the password, or resetting the password manually may
be appropriate.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_password_change_past.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All user password changes are in the past
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.1.6_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_password_change_past.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_password_change_past.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_password_change_past.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All user password changes are in the past </l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_password_change_past.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All user password changes are in the past </li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5.4.2 Configure root and system accounts and environment
Pass5.4.2.1 Ensure root is the only UID 0 account
Description:
Any account with UID 0 has superuser privileges on the system.
This access must be limited to only the default
root
account and only from the system console. Administrative access must be through an
unprivileged account using an approved mechanism as noted in the Recommendation "Ensure
access to the su command is restricted".
Run the following command to change the
root
account UID to
0
:
# usermod -u 0 root
Modify any users other than
root
with UID
0
and assign them a new UID.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_user_uid_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No unauthorized user's UID is: "0"
- - User "root" UID is correctly set to: "0"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2.1_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5739522_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_user_uid_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_user_uid_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_user_uid_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No unauthorized user's UID is: "0"</l>
<l> - User "root" UID is correctly set to: "0"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_user_uid_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No unauthorized user's UID is: "0"</li>
<li> - User "root" UID is correctly set to: "0"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass5.4.2.2 Ensure root is the only GID 0 account
Description:
The
usermod
command can be used to specify which group the
root
account belongs to. This affects permissions of files that are created by the
root
account.
Using GID 0 for the
root
account helps prevent
root
-owned files from accidentally becoming accessible to non-privileged users.
Run the following command to set the
root
user's GID to
0
:
# usermod -g 0 root
Run the following command to set the
root
group's GID to
0
:
# groupmod -g 0 root
Remove any users other than the
root
user with GID 0 or assign them a new GID if appropriate.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_user_gid_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No unauthorized user's GID is: "0"
- - User "root" GID is correctly set to: "0"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2.2_Ensure_root_is_the_only_GID_0_account"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671313_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_user_gid_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_user_gid_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_user_gid_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No unauthorized user's GID is: "0"</l>
<l> - User "root" GID is correctly set to: "0"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_user_gid_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No unauthorized user's GID is: "0"</li>
<li> - User "root" GID is correctly set to: "0"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.4.2.3 Ensure group root is the only GID 0 group
Description:
The
groupmod
command can be used to specify which group the
root
group belongs to. This affects permissions of files that are group owned by the
root
group.
Using GID 0 for the
root
group helps prevent
root
group owned files from accidentally becoming accessible to non-privileged users.
Run the following command to set the
root
group's GID to
0
:
# groupmod -g 0 root
Remove any groups other than the
root
group with GID 0 or assign them a new GID if appropriate.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_gid_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No unauthorized group's GID is: "0"
- - Group "root" GID is correctly set to: "0"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2.3_Ensure_group_root_is_the_only_GID_0_group"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671314_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_gid_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_gid_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_gid_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No unauthorized group's GID is: "0"</l>
<l> - Group "root" GID is correctly set to: "0"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_gid_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No unauthorized group's GID is: "0"</li>
<li> - Group "root" GID is correctly set to: "0"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.4.2.4 Ensure root account access is controlled
Description:
There are a number of methods to access the root account directly. Without a password
set any user would be able to gain access and thus control over the entire system.
Access to
root
should be secured at all times.
Run the following command to set a password for the
root
user:
# passwd root
- OR -
Run the following command to lock the
root
user account:
# usermod -L root
Impact:
If there are any automated processes that relies on access to the root account without
authentication, they will fail after remediation.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\$.+\$
(string) |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\! (string) |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2.4_Ensure_root_account_access_is_controlled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671315"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671315_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671315"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671315">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671315"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\$.+\$ (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5671316"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671316_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671316"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671316">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671316"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\! (string)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.4.2.5 Ensure root path integrity
Description:
The
root
user can execute any command on the system and could be fooled into executing programs
unintentionally if the
PATH
is not set correctly.
Including the current working directory (.) or other writable directory in
root
's executable path makes it likely that an attacker can gain superuser access by forcing
an administrator operating as
root
to execute a Trojan horse program.
Correct or justify any:
- Locations that are not directories
-
Empty directories (
::
)
-
Trailing (
:
)
-
Current working directory (
.
)
-
Non
root
owned directories
-
Directories that less restrictive than mode
0755
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_root_path_integrity_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - "/root/.local/bin" is not a directory
- - "/root/bin" is not a directory
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - root's path doesn't contain an empty directory (::)
- - root's path doesn't contain a trailing (:)
- - root's path doesn't contain current working directory (.)
- - Directory: "/usr/local/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"
- - Directory: "/usr/local/sbin" is correctly mode: "0755" and should be mode: "755"
or more restrictive
- - Directory: "/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"
- - Directory: "/sbin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more
restrictive
- - Directory: "/bin" is correctly owned by: "root"
- - Directory: "/bin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive
- - Directory: "/usr/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"
- - Directory: "/usr/sbin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more
restrictive
- - Directory: "/usr/bin" is correctly owned by: "root"
- - Directory: "/usr/bin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more
restrictive
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2.5_Ensure_root_path_integrity"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_root_path_integrity_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_root_path_integrity_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_root_path_integrity_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - "/root/.local/bin" is not a directory</l>
<l> - "/root/bin" is not a directory</l>
<l/>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - root's path doesn't contain an empty directory (::)</l>
<l> - root's path doesn't contain a trailing (:)</l>
<l> - root's path doesn't contain current working directory (.)</l>
<l> - Directory: "/usr/local/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"</l>
<l> - Directory: "/usr/local/sbin" is correctly mode: "0755" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Directory: "/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"</l>
<l> - Directory: "/sbin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Directory: "/bin" is correctly owned by: "root"</l>
<l> - Directory: "/bin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Directory: "/usr/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"</l>
<l> - Directory: "/usr/sbin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</l>
<l> - Directory: "/usr/bin" is correctly owned by: "root"</l>
<l> - Directory: "/usr/bin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_root_path_integrity_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - "/root/.local/bin" is not a directory</li>
<li> - "/root/bin" is not a directory</li>
<li/>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - root's path doesn't contain an empty directory (::)</li>
<li> - root's path doesn't contain a trailing (:)</li>
<li> - root's path doesn't contain current working directory (.)</li>
<li> - Directory: "/usr/local/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"</li>
<li> - Directory: "/usr/local/sbin" is correctly mode: "0755" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Directory: "/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"</li>
<li> - Directory: "/sbin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Directory: "/bin" is correctly owned by: "root"</li>
<li> - Directory: "/bin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Directory: "/usr/sbin" is correctly owned by: "root"</li>
<li> - Directory: "/usr/sbin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</li>
<li> - Directory: "/usr/bin" is correctly owned by: "root"</li>
<li> - Directory: "/usr/bin" is correctly mode: "0555" and should be mode: "755" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass5.4.2.6 Ensure root user umask is configured
Description:
The user file-creation mode mask (
umask
) is used to determine the file permission for newly created directories and files.
In Linux, the default permissions for any newly created directory is 0777 (
rwxrwxrwx
), and for any newly created file it is 0666 (
rw-rw-rw-
). The
umask
modifies the default Linux permissions by restricting (masking) these permissions.
The
umask
is not simply subtracted, but is processed bitwise. Bits set in the
umask
are cleared in the resulting file mode.
umask
can be set with either
Octal
or
Symbolic
values:
- Octal
(Numeric) Value - Represented by either three or four digits. ie
umask 0027
or
umask 027
. If a four digit umask is used, the first digit is ignored. The remaining three
digits effect the resulting permissions for user, group, and world/other respectively.
- Symbolic
Value - Represented by a comma separated list for User
u
, group
g
, and world/other
o
. The permissions listed are not masked by
umask
. ie a
umask
set by
umask u=rwx,g=rx,o=
is the
Symbolic
equivalent of the
Octalumask 027
. This
umask
would set a newly created directory with file mode
drwxr-x---
and a newly created file with file mode
rw-r-----
.
root user Shell Configuration Files:
- /root/.bash_profile
- Is executed to configure the root users' shell before the initial command prompt.
Is only read by login shells.
- /root/.bashrc
- Is executed for interactive shells.
only read by a shell that's both interactive and non-login
umask
is set by order of precedence. If
umask
is set in multiple locations, this order of precedence will determine the system's
default
umask
.
Order of precedence:
- /root/.bash_profile
- /root/.bashrc
- The system default umask
Setting a secure value for
umask
ensures that users make a conscious choice about their file permissions. A permissive
umask
value could result in directories or files with excessive permissions that can be
read and/or written to by unauthorized users.
Edit
/root/.bash_profile
and
/root/.bashrc
and remove, comment out, or update any line with
umask
to be
0027
or more restrictive.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /root/.bash_profile exists and matches pattern ^\h*umask\h+(([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|([0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?(((g=[rx]?[rx]?w[rx]?[rx]?\b)(,o=[rwx]{1,3})?)|((g=[wrx]{1,3},)?o=[wrx]{1, |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /root/.bashrc exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*umask\h+(([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|([0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?(((g=[rx]?[rx]?w[rx]?[rx]?\b)(,o=[rwx]{1,3})?)|((g=[wrx]{1,3},)?o=[wrx]{1,3} |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2.6_Ensure_root_user_umask_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671318"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671318">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671318"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /root/.bash_profile exists and matches pattern ^\h*umask\h+(([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|([0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?(((g=[rx]?[rx]?w[rx]?[rx]?\b)(,o=[rwx]{1,3})?)|((g=[wrx]{1,3},)?o=[wrx]{1,</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671319"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671319">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671319"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /root/.bashrc exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*umask\h+(([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|([0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?(((g=[rx]?[rx]?w[rx]?[rx]?\b)(,o=[rwx]{1,3})?)|((g=[wrx]{1,3},)?o=[wrx]{1,3}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.4.2.7 Ensure system accounts do not have a valid login shell
Description:
There are a number of accounts provided with most distributions that are used to manage
applications and are not intended to provide an interactive shell. Furthermore, a
user may add special accounts that are not intended to provide an interactive shell.
It is important to make sure that accounts that are not being used by regular users
are prevented from being used to provide an interactive shell. By default, most distributions
set the password field for these accounts to an invalid string, but it is also recommended
that the shell field in the password file be set to the
nologin
shell. This prevents the account from potentially being used to run any commands.
Run the following command to set the shell for any service accounts returned by the
audit to
nologin
:
# usermod -s $(command -v nologin) <user>
Example script:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_valid_shells="^($( awk -F\/ '$NF != "nologin" {print}' /etc/shells | sed -rn '/^\//{s,/,\\\\/,g;p}'
| paste -s -d '|' - ))$"
awk -v pat="$l_valid_shells" -F: '($1!~/^(root|halt|sync|shutdown|nfsnobody)$/ &&
($3<'"$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)"' || $3 == 65534) && $(NF)
~ pat) {system ("usermod -s '"$(command -v nologin)"' " $1)}' /etc/passwd
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_system_account_no_login_shell_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All service accounts are locked
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2.7_Ensure_system_accounts_do_not_have_a_valid_login_shell"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2(5), AC-3, AC-11, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_system_account_no_login_shell_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_system_account_no_login_shell_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_system_account_no_login_shell_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All service accounts are locked</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_system_account_no_login_shell_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All service accounts are locked</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2(5), AC-3, AC-11, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass5.4.2.8 Ensure accounts without a valid login shell are locked
Description:
There are a number of accounts provided with most distributions that are used to manage
applications and are not intended to provide an interactive shell. Furthermore, a
user may add special accounts that are not intended to provide an interactive shell.
It is important to make sure that accounts that are not being used by regular users
are prevented from being used to provide an interactive shell. By default, most distributions
set the password field for these accounts to an invalid string, but it is also recommended
that the shell field in the password file be set to the
nologin
shell. This prevents the account from potentially being used to run any commands.
Run the following command to lock any non-root accounts without a valid login shell
returned by the audit:
# usermod -L <user>
Example script:
:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_valid_shells="^($(awk -F\/ '$NF != "nologin" {print}' /etc/shells | sed -rn '/^\//{s,/,\\\\/,g;p}'
| paste -s -d '|' - ))$"
while IFS= read -r l_user; do
passwd -S "$l_user" | awk '$2 !~ /^L/ {system ("usermod -L " $1)}'
done < <(awk -v pat="$l_valid_shells" -F: '($1 != "root" && $(NF) !~ pat) {print $1}'
/etc/passwd)
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_account_no_login_shell_locked_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All accounts without a valid login shell are locked
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.2.8_Ensure_accounts_without_a_valid_login_shell_are_locked"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2(5), AC-3, AC-11, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_account_no_login_shell_locked_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_account_no_login_shell_locked_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_account_no_login_shell_locked_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All accounts without a valid login shell are locked</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_account_no_login_shell_locked_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All accounts without a valid login shell are locked</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2(5), AC-3, AC-11, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
5.4.3 Configure user default environment
Pass5.4.3.1 Ensure nologin is not listed in /etc/shells
Description:
/etc/shells
is a text file which contains the full pathnames of valid login shells. This file
is consulted by
chsh
and available to be queried by other programs.
Be aware that there are programs which consult this file to find out if a user is
a normal user; for example, FTP daemons traditionally disallow access to users with
shells not included in this file.
A user can use
chsh
to change their configured shell.
If a user has a shell configured that isn't in in
/etc/shells
, then the system assumes that they're somehow restricted. In the case of
chsh
it means that the user cannot change that value.
Other programs might query that list and apply similar restrictions.
By putting
nologin
in
/etc/shells
, any user that has
nologin
as its shell is considered a full, unrestricted user. This is not the expected behavior
for
nologin
.
Edit
/etc/shells
and remove any lines that include
nologin
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/shells exists and matches pattern ^\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\/nologin\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3.1_Ensure_nologin_is_not_listed_in_etcshells"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">shells(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671322"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5671322">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5671322"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/shells exists and matches pattern ^\h*([^#\n\r]+)?\/nologin\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: shells(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Fail5.4.3.2 Ensure default user shell timeout is configured
Description:
TMOUT
is an environmental setting that determines the timeout of a shell in seconds.
-
TMOUT=
n
- Sets the shell timeout to
n
seconds. A setting of
TMOUT=0
disables timeout.
- readonly TMOUT- Sets the TMOUT environmental variable as readonly, preventing unwanted
modification during run-time.
- export TMOUT - exports the TMOUT variable
System Wide Shell Configuration Files:
- /etc/profile
- used to set system wide environmental variables on users shells. The variables are
sometimes the same ones that are in the
.bash_profile
, however this file is used to set an initial PATH or PS1 for all shell users of the
system.
is only executed for interactive
login
shells, or shells executed with the --login parameter.
- /etc/profile.d
-
/etc/profile
will execute the scripts within
/etc/profile.d/*.sh
. It is recommended to place your configuration in a shell script within
/etc/profile.d
to set your own system wide environmental variables.
- /etc/bashrc
- System wide version of
.bashrc
. In Fedora derived distributions,
/etc/bashrc
also invokes /etc/profile.d/*.sh if
non-login
shell, but redirects output to
/dev/null
if
non-interactive.
Is only executed for
interactive
shells or if
BASH_ENV
is set to
/etc/bashrc
.
Setting a timeout value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized user access
to another user's shell session that has been left unattended. It also ends the inactive
session and releases the resources associated with that session.
Review
/etc/bashrc
,
/etc/profile
, and all files ending in
*.sh
in the
/etc/profile.d/
directory and remove or edit all
TMOUT=_n_
entries to follow local site policy.
TMOUT
should not exceed 900 or be equal to
0
.
Configure
TMOUT
in
one
of the following files:
-
A file in the
/etc/profile.d/
directory ending in
.sh
- /etc/profile
- /etc/bashrc
Example command to set TMOUT to
900
seconds in a file in
/etc/profile.d/
:
# printf '%s\n' "# Set TMOUT to 900 seconds" "typeset -xr TMOUT=900" > /etc/profile.d/50-tmout.sh
TMOUT
configuration examples:
typeset -xr TMOUT=900
Deprecated methods:
TMOUT=900
readonly TMOUT
export TMOUT
readonly TMOUT=900 ; export TMOUT
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_tmout_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- * Reasons for audit failure *
- - TMOUT is not configured
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3.2_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671323_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_tmout_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_tmout_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_tmout_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> * Reasons for audit failure *</l>
<l> - TMOUT is not configured</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_tmout_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> * Reasons for audit failure *</li>
<li> - TMOUT is not configured</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.11 |
| Label: |
Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity |
| Description: |
Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Automatic Session Locking on Enterprise Assets |
| Description: |
Configure automatic session locking on enterprise assets after a defined period of
inactivity. For general purpose operating systems, the period must not exceed 15 minutes.
For mobile end-user devices, the period must not exceed 2 minutes. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail5.4.3.3 Ensure default user umask is configured
Description:
The user file-creation mode mask (
umask
) is used to determine the file permission for newly created directories and files.
In Linux, the default permissions for any newly created directory is 0777 (
rwxrwxrwx
), and for any newly created file it is 0666 (
rw-rw-rw-
). The
umask
modifies the default Linux permissions by restricting (masking) these permissions.
The
umask
is not simply subtracted, but is processed bitwise. Bits set in the
umask
are cleared in the resulting file mode.
umask
can be set with either
Octal
or
Symbolic
values:
- Octal
(Numeric) Value - Represented by either three or four digits. ie
umask 0027
or
umask 027
. If a four digit umask is used, the first digit is ignored. The remaining three
digits effect the resulting permissions for user, group, and world/other respectively.
- Symbolic
Value - Represented by a comma separated list for User
u
, group
g
, and world/other
o
. The permissions listed are not masked by
umask
. ie a
umask
set by
umask u=rwx,g=rx,o=
is the
Symbolic
equivalent of the
Octalumask 027
. This
umask
would set a newly created directory with file mode
drwxr-x---
and a newly created file with file mode
rw-r-----
.
The default
umask
can be set to use the
pam_umask
module or in a
System Wide Shell Configuration File
. The user creating the directories or files has the discretion of changing the permissions
via the chmod command, or choosing a different default
umask
by adding the
umask
command into a
User Shell Configuration File
, (
.bash_profile
or
.bashrc
), in their home directory.
Setting the default umask:
-
pam_umask module:
-
will set the umask according to the system default in
/etc/login.defs
and user settings, solving the problem of different
umask
settings with different shells, display managers, remote sessions etc.
- umask=<mask>
value in the
/etc/login.defs
file is interpreted as Octal
-
Setting
USERGROUPS_ENAB
to yes in
/etc/login.defs
(default):
-
will enable setting of the
umask
group bits to be the same as owner bits. (examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007) for non-root
users, if the
uid
is the same as
gid
, and
username
is the same as the
<primary group name>
- userdel will remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and useradd will
create by default a group with the name of the user
- System Wide Shell Configuration File
:
- /etc/profile
- used to set system wide environmental variables on users shells. The variables are
sometimes the same ones that are in the
.bash_profile
, however this file is used to set an initial PATH or PS1 for all shell users of the
system.
is only executed for interactive
login
shells, or shells executed with the --login parameter.
- /etc/profile.d
-
/etc/profile
will execute the scripts within
/etc/profile.d/*.sh
. It is recommended to place your configuration in a shell script within
/etc/profile.d
to set your own system wide environmental variables.
- /etc/bashrc
- System wide version of
.bashrc
. In Fedora derived distributions,
etc/bashrc
also invokes /etc/profile.d/*.sh if
non-login
shell, but redirects output to
/dev/null
if
non-interactive.
Is only executed for
interactive
shells or if
BASH_ENV
is set to
/etc/bashrc
.
User Shell Configuration Files:
- ~/.bash_profile
- Is executed to configure your shell before the initial command prompt.
Is only read by login shells.
- ~/.bashrc
- Is executed for interactive shells.
only read by a shell that's both interactive and non-login
umask
is set by order of precedence. If
umask
is set in multiple locations, this order of precedence will determine the system's
default
umask
.
Order of precedence:
-
A file in
/etc/profile.d/
ending in
.sh
- This will override any other system-wide
umask
setting
-
In the file
/etc/profile
-
On the
pam_umask.so
module in
/etc/pam.d/postlogin
-
In the file
/etc/login.defs
-
In the file
/etc/default/login
Setting a secure default value for
umask
ensures that users make a conscious choice about their file permissions. A permissive
umask
value could result in directories or files with excessive permissions that can be
read and/or written to by unauthorized users.
Run the following script and perform the instructions in the output to set the default
umask to
027
or more restrictive:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_output="" l_output2="" l_out=""
file_umask_chk()
{
if grep -Psiq -- '^\h*umask\h+(0?[0-7][2-7]7|u(=[rwx]{0,3}),g=([rx]{0,2}),o=)(\h*#.*)?$'
"$l_file"; then
l_out="$l_out\n - umask is set correctly in \"$l_file\""
elif grep -Psiq -- '^\h*umask\h+(([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|([0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?(((g=[rx]?[rx]?w[rx]?[rx]?\b)(,o=[rwx]{1,3})?)|((g=[wrx]{1,3},)?o=[wrx]{1,3}\b)))'
"$l_file"; then
l_output2="$l_output2\n - \"$l_file\""
fi
}
while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do
file_umask_chk
done < <(find /etc/profile.d/ -type f -name '*.sh' -print0)
[ -n "$l_out" ] && l_output="$l_out"
l_file="/etc/profile" && file_umask_chk
l_file="/etc/bashrc" && file_umask_chk
l_file="/etc/bash.bashrc" && file_umask_chk
l_file="/etc/pam.d/postlogin"
if grep -Psiq '^\h*session\h+[^#\n\r]+\h+pam_umask\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?umask=(([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b)|([0-7][01][0-7]\b))'
"$l_file"; then
l_output2="$l_output2\n - \"$l_file\""
fi
l_file="/etc/login.defs" && file_umask_chk
l_file="/etc/default/login" && file_umask_chk
if [ -z "$l_output2" ]; then
echo -e " - No files contain a UMASK that is not restrictive enough\n No UMASK updates
required to existing files"
else
echo -e "\n - UMASK is not restrictive enough in the following file(s):$l_output2\n\n-
Remediation Procedure:\n - Update these files and comment out the UMASK line\n or
update umask to be \"0027\" or more restrictive"
fi
if [ -n "$l_output" ]; then
echo -e "$l_output"
else
echo -e " - Configure UMASK in a file in the \"/etc/profile.d/\" directory ending
in \".sh\"\n\n Example Command (Hash to represent being run at a root prompt):\n\n#
printf '%s\\\n' \"umask 027\" > /etc/profile.d/50-systemwide_umask.sh\n"
fi
}
Notes:
- This method only applies to bash and shell. If other shells are supported on the system,
it is recommended that their configuration files also are checked
-
If the
pam_umask.so
module is going to be used to set
umask
, ensure that it's not being overridden by another setting. Refer to the PAM_UMASK(8)
man page for more information
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_umask_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - umask is incorrectly set in "/etc/login.defs"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.4.3.3_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_umask_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_umask_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_umask_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - umask is incorrectly set in "/etc/login.defs"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_umask_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - umask is incorrectly set in "/etc/login.defs"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
6 Logging and Auditing
The items in this section describe how to configure logging, log monitoring, and auditing,
using tools included in most distributions.
It is recommended that rsyslog
be used for logging (with
logwatch
providing summarization) and
auditd
be used for auditing (with
aureport
providing summarization) to automatically monitor logs for intrusion attempts and
other suspicious system behavior.
In addition to the local log files created by the steps in this section, it is also
recommended that sites collect copies of their system logs on a secure, centralized
log server via an encrypted connection. Not only does centralized logging help sites
correlate events that may be occurring on multiple systems, but having a second copy
of the system log information may be critical after a system compromise where the
attacker has modified the local log files on the affected system(s). If a log correlation
system is deployed, configure it to process the logs described in this section.
Because it is often necessary to correlate log information from many different systems
(particularly after a security incident) it is recommended that the time be synchronized
among systems and devices connected to the local network. The standard Internet protocol
for time synchronization is the Network Time Protocol (NTP), which is supported by
most network-ready devices. Reference <
http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/
> manual page for more information on configuring chrony.
It is important that all logs described in this section be monitored on a regular
basis and correlated to determine trends. A seemingly innocuous entry in one log could
be more significant when compared to an entry in another log.
Note on log file permissions:
There really isn't a "one size fits all" solution to the permissions on log files.
Many sites utilize group permissions so that administrators who are in a defined security
group, such as "wheel" do not have to elevate privileges to root in order to read
log files. Also, if a third party log aggregation tool is used, it may need to have
group permissions to read the log files, which is preferable to having it run setuid
to root. Therefore, there are two remediation and audit steps for log file permissions.
One is for systems that do not have a secured group method implemented that only permits
root to read the log files (
root:root 600
). The other is for sites that do have such a setup and are designated as
root:securegrp 640
where securegrp
is the defined security group (in some cases
wheel
).
6.1 Configure Integrity Checking
AIDE is a file integrity checking tool, similar in nature to Tripwire. While it cannot
prevent intrusions, it can detect unauthorized changes to configuration files by alerting
when the files are changed. When setting up AIDE, decide internally what the site
policy will be concerning integrity checking. Review the AIDE quick start guide and
AIDE documentation before proceeding.
Pass6.1.1 Ensure AIDE is installed
Description:
Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment (AIDE) is a intrusion detection tool that
uses predefined rules to check the integrity of files and directories in the Linux
operating system. AIDE has its own database to check the integrity of files and directories.
aide
takes a snapshot of files and directories including modification times, permissions,
and file hashes which can then be used to compare against the current state of the
filesystem to detect modifications to the system.
By monitoring the filesystem state compromised files can be detected to prevent or
limit the exposure of accidental or malicious misconfigurations or modified binaries.
Run the following command to install
aide
:
# dnf install aide
Configure
aide
as appropriate for your environment. Consult the
aide
documentation for options.
Initialize
aide
:
Run the following commands:
# aide --init
# mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'aide' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
aide |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
100.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
0.16 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:0.16-100.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
aide-0:0.16-100.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/14"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AIDE stable manual: http://aide.sourceforge.net/stable/manual.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670632"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670632">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670632"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'aide' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aide</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>100.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0.16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:0.16-100.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aide-0:0.16-100.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: AIDE stable manual: http://aide.sourceforge.net/stable/manual.html
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.9 |
| Label: |
Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data |
| Description: |
Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive
data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and
Event Monitoring). |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.14 |
| Label: |
Log Sensitive Data Access |
| Description: |
Log sensitive data access, including modification and disposal. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-3 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass6.1.2 Ensure filesystem integrity is regularly checked
Description:
Periodic checking of the filesystem integrity is needed to detect changes to the filesystem.
Periodic file checking allows the system administrator to determine on a regular basis
if critical files have been changed in an unauthorized fashion.
- IF -cron
will be used to schedule and run aide check
Run the following command:
# crontab -u root -e
Add the following line to the crontab:
0 5 * * * /usr/sbin/aide --check
- OR -
- IF -aidecheck.service
and
aidecheck.timer
will be used to schedule and run aide check:
Create or edit the file
/etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.service
and add the following lines:
[Unit]
Description=Aide Check
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/aide --check
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Create or edit the file
/etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.timer
and add the following lines:
[Unit]
Description=Aide check every day at 5AM
[Timer]
OnCalendar=*-*-* 05:00:00
Unit=aidecheck.service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Run the following commands:
# chown root:root /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.*
# chmod 0644 /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.*
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable aidecheck.service
# systemctl --now enable aidecheck.timer
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /var/spool/cron/ exists and matches pattern
^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/var/spool/cron/root |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/var/spool/cron |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
root |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/aide --check |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/aide --check |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
* |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Subexpression |
String |
Exists |
check |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.d exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.hourly exists and matches pattern
^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\s([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily exists and matches pattern
^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\s([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.weekly exists and matches pattern
^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\s([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.monthly exists and matches pattern
^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\s([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
aidecheck.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
aidecheck.timer |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'Unit' property equals 'aidecheck.service' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
aidecheck.timer |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
Unit |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /etc/systemd/system/ exists
and matches pattern ^\h*ExecStart=\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /usr/lib/systemd/system/ exists
and matches pattern ^\h*ExecStart=\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/14"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.service</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.timer</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670633"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670633">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670633"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /var/spool/cron/ exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/spool/cron/root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/var/spool/cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/aide --check</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/aide --check</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>* </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>check</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670634"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670634">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670634"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670635"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670635">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670635"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.d exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670636"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670636">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670636"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.hourly exists and matches pattern ^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\s([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670637"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670637">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670637"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily exists and matches pattern ^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\s([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670638"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670638">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670638"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.weekly exists and matches pattern ^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\s([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670639"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670639">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670639"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.monthly exists and matches pattern ^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\/usr\/sbin\/aide\s([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670641"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670641_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670641"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670641">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670641"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aidecheck.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670643"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670643_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670643"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670643">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670643"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aidecheck.timer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670645"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670645_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670645"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670645">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670645"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'Unit' property equals 'aidecheck.service'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>aidecheck.timer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670647"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670647">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670647"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /etc/systemd/system/ exists and matches pattern ^\h*ExecStart=\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670649"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670649">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670649"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /usr/lib/systemd/system/ exists and matches pattern ^\h*ExecStart=\/usr\/sbin\/aide\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?--(check|update)\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.service
- URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.timer
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.9 |
| Label: |
Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data |
| Description: |
Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive
data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and
Event Monitoring). |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.14 |
| Label: |
Log Sensitive Data Access |
| Description: |
Log sensitive data access, including modification and disposal. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-3 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.1.3 Ensure cryptographic mechanisms are used to protect the integrity of audit tools
Description:
Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit
tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity
and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.
Protecting the integrity of the tools used for auditing purposes is a critical step
toward ensuring the integrity of audit information. Audit information includes all
information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully
audit information system activity.
Attackers may replace the audit tools or inject code into the existing tools with
the purpose of providing the capability to hide or erase system activity from the
audit logs.
Audit tools should be cryptographically signed in order to provide the capability
to identify when the audit tools have been modified, manipulated, or replaced. An
example is a checksum hash of the file or files.
Run the following command to determine the absolute path to the non-symlinked version
on the audit tools:
# readlink -f /sbin
The output will be either
/usr/sbin- OR -/sbin
. Ensure the correct path is used.
Edit
/etc/aide.conf
and add or update the following selection lines replacing
<PATH>
with the correct path returned in the command above:
# Audit Tools
<PATH>/auditctl p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512
<PATH>/auditd p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512
<PATH>/ausearch p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512
<PATH>/aureport p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512
<PATH>/autrace p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512
<PATH>/augenrules p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512
Example
# printf '\n%s' "# Audit Tools" "$(readlink -f /sbin/auditctl) p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512"
\
"$(readlink -f /sbin/auditd) p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512" \
"$(readlink -f /sbin/ausearch) p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512" \
"$(readlink -f /sbin/aureport) p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512" \
"$(readlink -f /sbin/autrace) p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512" \
"$(readlink -f /sbin/augenrules) p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512" >> /etc/aide.conf
Note: - IF -/etc/aide.conf
includes a
@@x_include
statement:
Example:
@@x_include /etc/aide.conf.d ^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$
- @@x_include
FILE
- @@x_include
DIRECTORY REGEX
- @x_include
is identical to
@@include
, except that if a config file is executable it is run and the output is used as config.
- If the executable file exits with status greater than zero or writes to stderr aide
stops with an error.
- For security reasons DIRECTORY and each executable config file must be owned by the
current user and must not be group or world-writable.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_audit_tool_aide_chk_v3.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- * Reasons for audit failure *
- - No audit tool files are configured in an AIDE configuration file
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_cryptographic_mechanisms_are_used_to_protect_the_integrity_of_audit_tools"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AIDE.CONF(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_audit_tool_aide_chk_v3.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_audit_tool_aide_chk_v3.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_audit_tool_aide_chk_v3.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> * Reasons for audit failure *</l>
<l> - No audit tool files are configured in an AIDE configuration file</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_audit_tool_aide_chk_v3.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> * Reasons for audit failure *</li>
<li> - No audit tool files are configured in an AIDE configuration file</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
6.2 System Logging
Logging services should be configured to prevent information leaks and to aggregate
logs on a remote server so that they can be reviewed in the event of a system compromise.
A centralized log server provides a single point of entry for further analysis, monitoring
and filtering.
Security principals for logging
- Ensure transport layer security is implemented between the client and the log server.
- Ensure that logs are rotated as per the environment requirements.
- Ensure all locally generated logs have the appropriate permissions.
- Ensure all security logs are sent to a remote log server.
- Ensure the required events are logged.
What is covered
This section will cover the minimum best practices for the usage of
eitherrsyslogorjournald
. The recommendations are written such that each is wholly independent of each other
and only one is implemented
.
-
If your organization makes use of an enterprise wide logging system completely outside
of rsyslog
or journald
, then the following recommendations do not directly apply. However, the principals
of the recommendations should be followed regardless of what solution is implemented.
If the enterprise solution incorporates either of these tools, careful consideration
should be given to the following recommendations to determine exactly what applies.
-
Should your organization make use of both
rsyslog
and journald
, take care how the recommendations may or may not apply to you.
What is not covered
-
Enterprise logging systems not utilizing
rsyslog
or journald
.
As logging is very situational and dependent on the local environment, not everything
can be covered here.
-
Transport layer security should be applied to all remote logging functionality. Both
rsyslog
and journald
supports secure transport and should be configured as such.
- The log server. There are a multitude of reasons for a centralized log server (and
keeping a short period of logging on the local system), but the log server is out
of scope for these recommendations.
6.2.1 Configure systemd-journald service
systemd-journald
is a system service that collects and stores logging data. It creates and maintains
structured, indexed journals based on logging information that is received from a
variety of sources:
- Kernel log messages, via kmsg
- Simple system log messages, via the libc syslog call
- Structured system log messages via the native Journal API
- Standard output and standard error of service units
- Audit records, originating from the kernel audit subsystem
The daemon will implicitly collect numerous metadata fields for each log messages
in a secure and unfakeable way. See systemd.journal-fields man page for more information
about the collected metadata.
The journal service stores log data either persistently below
/var/log/journal
or in a volatile way below
/run/log/journal/
. By default, log data is stored persistently if
/var/log/journal/
exists during boot, with an implicit fallback to volatile storage. Use
Storage=
in journald.conf
to configure where log data is placed, independently of the existence of
/var/log/journal/
.
On systems where
/var/log/journal/
does not exist but where persistent logging is desired, and the default
journald.conf
is used, it is sufficient to create the directory and ensure it has the correct access
modes and ownership.
Note:systemd-journald.service
must be configured appropriately for either
journald- OR -rsyslog
to operate effectively.
Pass6.2.1.1 Ensure journald service is enabled and active
Description:
Ensure that the
systemd-journald
service is enabled to allow capturing of logging events.
If the
systemd-journald
service is not enabled to start on boot, the system will not capture logging events.
Run the following commands to unmask and start
systemd-journald.service
# systemctl unmask systemd-journald.service
# systemctl start systemd-journald.service
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'systemd-journald.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'static' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
systemd-journald.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
static |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'systemd-journald.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
systemd-journald.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1.1_Ensure_journald_service_is_enabled_and_active"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7 AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670657"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670657_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670657"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670657">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670657"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journald.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'static'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-journald.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>static</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670659"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670659_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670659"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670659">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670659"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journald.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-journald.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7 AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Manual6.2.1.2 Ensure journald log file access is configured
Description:
Journald will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system. This setting
controls what permissions will be applied to these newly created files.
It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that
sensitive data is archived and protected.
If the default configuration is not appropriate for the site specific requirements,
copy
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/systemd.conf
to
/etc/tmpfiles.d/systemd.conf
and modify as required. Requirements is either
0640
or site policy if that is less restrictive.
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1.2_Ensure_journald_log_file_access_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-2, AU-12, MP-2, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-2, AU-12, MP-2, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual6.2.1.3 Ensure journald log file rotation is configured
Description:
Journald includes the capability of rotating log files regularly to avoid filling
up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large. The file
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
is the configuration file used to specify how logs generated by Journald should be
rotated.
By keeping the log files smaller and more manageable, a system administrator can easily
archive these files to another system and spend less time looking through inordinately
large log files.
Edit
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
or a file ending in
.conf
the
/etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/
directory. Set the following parameters in the
[Journal]
section to ensure logs are rotated according to site policy. The settings should be
carefully understood as there are specific edge cases and prioritization of parameters.
Example Configuration
[Journal]
SystemMaxUse=1G
SystemKeepFree=500M
RuntimeMaxUse=200M
RuntimeKeepFree=50M
MaxFileSec=1month
Note:
If these settings appear in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, the
setting will be overwritten
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1.3_Ensure_journald_log_file_rotation_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/journald.conf.5.html</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12
- URL: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/journald.conf.5.html
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass6.2.1.4 Ensure only one logging system is in use
Description:
Best practices recommend that a single centralized logging system be used for log
management, choose a single service either
rsyslog- OR -journald
to be used as a single centralized logging system.
Configuring only one logging service either
rsyslog- OR -journald
avoids redundancy, optimizes resources, simplifies configuration and management, and
ensures consistency.
-
Determine whether to use
journald- OR -rsyslog
depending on site needs
-
Configure
systemd-jounald.service
-
Configure only
ONE
either
journald- OR -rsyslog
and complete the recommendations in that subsection
- Return to this recommendation to ensure only one logging system is in use
Impact:
Transitioning from one logging service to another can be complex and time consuming,
it involves reconfiguration and may result in data loss if not managed and reconfigured
correctly.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_fed34_ensure_only_one_logging_system_in_use.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - rsyslog is in use
- - follow the recommendations in Configure rsyslog subsection only
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1.4_Ensure_only_one_logging_system_is_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.358+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_only_one_logging_system_in_use.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_only_one_logging_system_in_use.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_fed34_ensure_only_one_logging_system_in_use.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - rsyslog is in use</l>
<l>- follow the recommendations in Configure rsyslog subsection only</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_fed34_ensure_only_one_logging_system_in_use.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - rsyslog is in use</li>
<li>- follow the recommendations in Configure rsyslog subsection only</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
6.2.2 Configure journald
Included in the systemd suite is a journaling service called systemd-journald.service
for the collection and storage of logging data. It creates and maintains structured,
indexed journals based on logging information that is received from a variety of sources
such as:
Classic RFC3164 BSD syslog via the /dev/log socket
STDOUT/STDERR of programs via StandardOutput=journal + StandardError=journal in service
files (both of which are default settings)
Kernel log messages via the /dev/kmsg device node
Audit records via the kernel’s audit subsystem
Structured log messages via journald’s native protocol
Any changes made to the systemd-journald configuration will require a re-start of
systemd-journald
Note:
- IF -rsyslog
will be used for remote logging on the system this subsection can be skipped
6.2.2.1 Configure systemd-journal-remote
The
systemd-journal-remote
package includes
systemd-journal-upload
.
systemd-journal-upload
will upload journal entries to the URL specified with --url=. This program reads journal
entries from one or more journal files, similarly to journalctl.
systemd-journal-upload
transfers the raw content of journal file and uses HTTP as a transport protocol.
systemd-journal-upload.service
is a system service that uses
systemd-journal-upload
to upload journal entries to a server. It uses the configuration in
journal-upload.conf
.
Note:- IF -rsyslog
is in use this subsection can be skipped.
Pass6.2.2.1.1 Ensure systemd-journal-remote is installed
Description:
Journald
systemd-journal-remote
supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host or to receive
messages from remote hosts, thus enabling centralized log management.
Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an
attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log
data that is stored on the local system.
Note:
This recommendation
only applies if
journald
is the chosen method for client side logging
. Do not apply this recommendation if
rsyslog
is used.
Run the following command to install
systemd-journal-remote
:
# dnf install systemd-journal-remote
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
4.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.2310.0 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.2310.0-4.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'systemd-journal-remote' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2.1.1_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7 AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670673"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670673">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670673"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2310.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.2310.0-4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670677"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670677_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670677"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670677">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670677"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670682"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670682_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670682"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670682">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670682"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670670"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670670">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670670"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'systemd-journal-remote' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7 AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Manual6.2.2.1.2 Ensure systemd-journal-upload authentication is configured
Description:
Journald
systemd-journal-upload
supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host.
Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an
attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log
data that is stored on the local system.
Note:
This recommendation
only applies if
journald
is the chosen method for client side logging
. Do not apply this recommendation if
rsyslog
is used.
Edit the
/etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf
file or a file in
/etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf.d
ending in
.conf
and ensure the following lines are set in the
[Upload]
section per your environment:
[Upload]
URL=192.168.50.42
ServerKeyFile=/etc/ssl/private/journal-upload.pem
ServerCertificateFile=/etc/ssl/certs/journal-upload.pem
TrustedCertificateFile=/etc/ssl/ca/trusted.pem
Restart the service:
# systemctl restart systemd-journal-upload
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2.1.2_Ensure_systemd-journal-upload_authentication_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass6.2.2.1.3 Ensure systemd-journal-upload is enabled and active
Description:
Journald
systemd-journal-upload
supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host.
Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an
attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log
data that is stored on the local system.
Note:
This recommendation
only applies if
journald
is the chosen method for client side logging
. Do not apply this recommendation if
rsyslog
is used.
Run the following commands to unmask, enable and start
systemd-journal-upload
:
# systemctl unmask systemd-journal-upload.service
# systemctl --now enable systemd-journal-upload.service
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-upload.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals
'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
systemd-journal-upload.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-upload.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals
'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
systemd-journal-upload.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2.1.3_Ensure_systemd-journal-upload_is_enabled_and_active"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670690"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670690_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670690"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670690">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670690"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-upload.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-journal-upload.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670696"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670696_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670696"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670696">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670696"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-upload.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-journal-upload.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670701"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670701_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670701"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670701">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670701"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670706"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670706_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670706"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670706">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670706"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass6.2.2.1.4 Ensure systemd-journal-remote service is not in use
Description:
Journald
systemd-journal-remote
supports the ability to receive messages from remote hosts, thus acting as a log server.
Clients should not receive data from other hosts.
Note:
-
The same package,
systemd-journal-remote
, is used for both sending logs to remote hosts and receiving incoming logs.
-
With regards to receiving logs, there are two services;
systemd-journal-remote.socket
and
systemd-journal-remote.service
.
If a client is configured to also receive data, thus turning it into a server, the
client system is acting outside it's operational boundary.
Note:
This recommendation
only applies if
journald
is the chosen method for client side logging
. Do not apply this recommendation if
rsyslog
is used.
Run the following commands to stop and mask
systemd-journal-remote.socket
and systemd-journal-remote.service:
# systemctl stop systemd-journal-remote.socket systemd-journal-remote.service
# systemctl mask systemd-journal-remote.socket systemd-journal-remote.service
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal
'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
systemd-journal-remote.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal
'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
systemd-journal-remote.socket |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not
equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
systemd-journal-remote.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
No Value |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal
'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
systemd-journal-remote.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
inactive |
|
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitStateState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2.1.4_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_service_is_not_in_use"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7 AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670712"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670712_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670712"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670712">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670712"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-journal-remote.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670716"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670716_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670716"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670716">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670716"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.socket' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-journal-remote.socket</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670721"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670721_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670721"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670721">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670721"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-journal-remote.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670724"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670724_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670724"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670724">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670724"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>systemd-journal-remote.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>inactive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670730"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670730_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670730"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670730">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670730"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitStateState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670734"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670734_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670734"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670734">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670734"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7 AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.2.2.2 Ensure journald ForwardToSyslog is disabled
Description:
Data from
journald
should be kept in the confines of the service and not forwarded to other services.
- IF -journald
is the method for capturing logs, all logs of the system should be handled by
journald
and not forwarded to other logging mechanisms.
Note:
This recommendation
only applies if
journald
is the chosen method for client side logging
. Do not apply this recommendation if
rsyslog
is used.
- IF -rsyslog
is the preferred method for capturing logs, this section and Recommendation should
be skipped and the "Configure rsyslog" section followed.
- IF -journald
is the preferred method for capturing logs:
Set the following parameter in the
[Journal]
section in
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
or a file in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ending in
.conf
:
ForwardToSyslog=no
Example:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
[ ! -d /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ] && mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/
if grep -Psq -- '^\h*\[Journal\]' /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf; then
printf '%s\n' "ForwardToSyslog=no" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf
else
printf '%s\n' "[Journal]" "ForwardToSyslog=no" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf
fi
}
Note:
If this setting appears in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, the
setting will be overwritten
Run to following command to update the parameters in the service:
# systemctl reload-or-restart systemd-journald
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - rsyslog is in use
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2.2_Ensure_journald_ForwardToSyslog_is_disabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670748"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670748_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670748"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670748">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670748"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670753"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670753_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670753"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670753">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670753"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670743_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- rsyslog is in use</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- rsyslog is in use</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass6.2.2.3 Ensure journald Compress is configured
Description:
The journald system includes the capability of compressing overly large files to avoid
filling up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large.
Uncompressed large files may unexpectedly fill a filesystem leading to resource unavailability.
Compressing logs prior to write can prevent sudden, unexpected filesystem impacts.
Note:
This recommendation
only applies if
journald
is the chosen method for client side logging
. Do not apply this recommendation if
rsyslog
is used.
Set the following parameter in the
[Journal]
section in
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
or a file in
/etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/
ending in
.conf
:
Compress=yes
Example:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
[ ! -d /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ] && mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/
if grep -Psq -- '^\h*\[Journal\]' /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf; then
printf '%s\n' "Compress=yes" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf
else
printf '%s\n' "[Journal]" "Compress=yes" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf
fi
}
Note:
If this setting appears in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, the
setting will be overwritten
Run to following command to update the parameters in the service:
# systemctl reload-or-restart systemd-journald
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - rsyslog is in use
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2.3_Ensure_journald_Compress_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-4</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670766"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670766_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670766"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670766">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670766"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670771"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670771_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670771"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670771">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670771"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670760_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- rsyslog is in use</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- rsyslog is in use</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-4
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.4 |
| Label: |
Ensure adequate storage for logs |
| Description: |
Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage |
| Description: |
Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's
audit log management process. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.2.2.4 Ensure journald Storage is configured
Description:
Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server.
Logs in memory will be lost upon a system reboot. By persisting logs to local disk
on the server they are protected from loss due to a reboot.
Writing log data to disk will provide the ability to forensically reconstruct events
which may have impacted the operations or security of a system even after a system
crash or reboot.
Note:
This recommendation
only applies if
journald
is the chosen method for client side logging
. Do not apply this recommendation if
rsyslog
is used.
Set the following parameter in the
[Journal]
section in
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
or a file in
/etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/
ending in
.conf
:
Storage=persistent
Example:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
[ ! -d /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ] && mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/
if grep -Psq -- '^\h*\[Journal\]' /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf; then
printf '%s\n' "Storage=persistent" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf
else
printf '%s\n' "[Journal]" "Storage=persistent" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf
fi
}
Note:
If this setting appears in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, the
setting will be overwritten
Run to following command to update the parameters in the service:
# systemctl reload-or-restart systemd-journald
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equal 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equal 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - rsyslog is in use
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2.4_Ensure_journald_Storage_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670781"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670781_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670781"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670781">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670781"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equal 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670786"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670786_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670786"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670786">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670786"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equal 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670790_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l>- rsyslog is in use</l>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_fed34_ensure_journald_parameter_ck.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li>- rsyslog is in use</li>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
6.2.3 Configure rsyslog
The rsyslog
software package may be used instead of the default
journald
logging mechanism.
Rsyslog has evolved over several decades. For this reason it supports three different
configuration formats (“languages”):
- basic
- previously known as the
sysklogd
format, this is the format best used to express basic things, such as where the statement
fits on a single line.
- It stems back to the original syslog.conf format, in use now for several decades.
- The most common use case is matching on facility/severity and writing matching messages
to a log file.
- advanced
- previously known as the
RainerScript
format, this format was first available in rsyslog v6 and is the current, best and
most precise format for non-trivial use cases where more than one line is needed.
- Prior to v7, there was a performance impact when using this format that encouraged
use of the basic format for best results. Current versions of rsyslog do not suffer
from this (historical) performance impact.
- This new style format is specifically targeted towards more advanced use cases like
forwarding to remote hosts that might be partially offline.
- obsolete legacy
- previously known simply as the
legacy
format, this format is exactly what its name implies: it is obsolete and should not
be used when writing new configurations. It was created in the early days (up to rsyslog
version 5) where we expected that rsyslog would extend sysklogd just mildly. Consequently,
it was primarily aimed at small additions to the original sysklogd format.
- Practice has shown that it was notoriously hard to use for more advanced use cases,
and thus we replaced it with the advanced format.
- In essence, everything that needs to be written on a single line that starts with
a dollar sign is legacy format. Users of this format are encouraged to migrate to
the basic or advanced formats.
Note:
This section only applies if
rsyslog
is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this section if
journald
is used.
Pass6.2.3.1 Ensure rsyslog is installed
Description:
The
rsyslog
software is recommended in environments where
journald
does not meet operation requirements.
The security enhancements of
rsyslog
such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to
database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server)
justify installing and configuring the package.
Note:
This recommendation only applies if
rsyslog
is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this recommendation if
journald
is used.
Run the following command to install
rsyslog
:
# dnf install rsyslog
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
4.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.2310.0 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.2310.0-4.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Script: |
sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file
- ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure
**
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670800"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670800">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670800"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2310.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.2310.0-4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670805_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file</l>
<l> ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file</li>
<li> ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass6.2.3.2 Ensure rsyslog service is enabled and active
Description:
Once the
rsyslog
package is installed, ensure that the service is enabled.
If the
rsyslog
service is not enabled to start on boot, the system will not capture logging events.
Note:
This recommendation only applies if
rsyslog
is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this recommendation if
journald
is used.
- IF -rsyslog
is being used for logging on the system:
Run the following commands to unmask, enable, and start
rsyslog.service
:
# systemctl unmask rsyslog.service
# systemctl enable rsyslog.service
# systemctl start rsyslog.service
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file
- ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure
**
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3.2_Ensure_rsyslog_service_is_enabled_and_active"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670815"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670815_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670815"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670815">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670815"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670822"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670822_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670822"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670822">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670822"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670826_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l/>
<l> - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file</l>
<l> ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_systemd_parameter_not_match_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li/>
<li> - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file</li>
<li> ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.2.3.3 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to rsyslog
Description:
Data from
systemd-journald
may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Utilities exist
to accept remote export of
systemd-journald
logs, however, use of the
rsyslog
service provides a consistent means of log collection and export.
- IF -rsyslog
is the preferred method for capturing logs, all logs of the system should be sent
to it for further processing.
- IF -rsyslog
is the preferred method for capturing logs:
Set the following parameter in the
[Journal]
section in
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
or a file in
/etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/
ending in
.conf
:
ForwardToSyslog=yes
Example:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
[ ! -d /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ] && mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/
if grep -Psq -- '^\h*\[Journal\]' /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf; then
printf '%s\n' "ForwardToSyslog=yes" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf
else
printf '%s\n' "[Journal]" "ForwardToSyslog=yes" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-journald.conf
fi
}
Note:
If this setting appears in a canonically later file, or later in the same file, the
setting will be overwritten
Run to following command to update the parameters in the service:
Restart
systemd-journald.service
:
# systemctl reload-or-restart systemd-journald.service
Impact:
- IF -Journald
is the preferred method for capturing logs, this section and Recommendation should
be skipped and the "Configure Journald" section followed.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
| Script: |
sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Reason(s) for audit failure:
- - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file
- ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure
**
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
4.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.2310.0 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.2310.0-4.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-2, AU-4, AU-12, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">SYSTEMD-JOURNALD.SERVICE(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">JOURNALD.CONF(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670837_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
<l/>
<l> - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file</l>
<l> ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_systemd_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
<li/>
<li> - "ForwardToSyslog" is not set in an included file</li>
<li> ** Note: "ForwardToSyslog" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670843"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670843">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670843"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2310.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.2310.0-4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-2, AU-4, AU-12, MP-2
- URL: SYSTEMD-JOURNALD.SERVICE(8)
- URL: JOURNALD.CONF(5)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.5 |
| Label: |
Central Log Management |
| Description: |
Ensure that appropriate logs are being aggregated to a central log management system
for analysis and review. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.9 |
| Label: |
Centralize Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Centralize, to the extent possible, audit log collection and retention across enterprise
assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.2.3.4 Ensure rsyslog log file creation mode is configured
Description:
rsyslog
will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system.
The
$FileCreateMode
parameter allows you to specify the creation mode with which
rsyslog
creates new files. If not specified, the value 0644 is used (which retains backward-compatibility
with earlier releases). The value given must always be a 4-digit octal number, with
the initial digit being zero.
Please note that the actual permission depend on rsyslogd’s process umask.
$FileCreateMode
may be specified multiple times. If so, it specifies the creation mode for all selector
lines that follow until the next $FileCreateMode parameter. Order of lines is vitally
important.
It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that
sensitive data is archived and protected.
Note:
This recommendation only applies if
rsyslog
is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this recommendation if
systemd-journald
is used.
Edit either
/etc/rsyslog.conf
or a dedicated
.conf
file in
/etc/rsyslog.d/
and set
$FileCreateMode
to
0640
or more restrictive:
$FileCreateMode 0640
Restart the service:
# systemctl restart rsyslog
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| OR |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern
(?i)^\h*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
At least one |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
4.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.2310.0 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.2310.0-4.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3.4_Ensure_rsyslog_log_file_creation_mode_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">RSYSLOG.CONF(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AC-6, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/configuration/action/rsconf1_filecreatemode.html#filecreatemode</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670851"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670851">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670851"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670855"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670855">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670855"
check="at least one"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>At least one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670863"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670863">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670863"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2310.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.2310.0-4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: RSYSLOG.CONF(5)
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AC-6, MP-2
- URL: https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/
- URL: https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/configuration/action/rsconf1_filecreatemode.html#filecreatemode
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security
configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous
configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers
from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. |
| Subcontrol: |
5.1 |
| Label: |
Establish Secure Configurations |
| Description: |
Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized
operating systems and software. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Manual6.2.3.5 Ensure rsyslog logging is configured
Description:
The
/etc/rsyslog.conf
and
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
files specifies rules for logging and which files are to be used to log certain classes
of messages.
A great deal of important security-related information is sent via
rsyslog
(e.g., successful and failed su attempts, failed login attempts, root login attempts,
etc.).
Note:
This recommendation only applies if
rsyslog
is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this recommendation if
journald
is used.
Edit the following lines in the
/etc/rsyslog.conf
and
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
files as appropriate for your environment.
Note:
The below configuration is shown for example purposes only. Due care should be given
to how the organization wishes to store log data.
*.emerg :omusrmsg:*
auth,authpriv.* /var/log/secure
mail.* -/var/log/mail
mail.info -/var/log/mail.info
mail.warning -/var/log/mail.warn
mail.err /var/log/mail.err
cron.* /var/log/cron
*.=warning;*.=err -/var/log/warn
*.crit /var/log/warn
*.*;mail.none;news.none -/var/log/messages
local0,local1.* -/var/log/localmessages
local2,local3.* -/var/log/localmessages
local4,local5.* -/var/log/localmessages
local6,local7.* -/var/log/localmessages
Run the following command to reload the
rsyslogd
configuration:
# systemctl restart rsyslog
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3.5_Ensure_rsyslog_logging_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Manual6.2.3.6 Ensure rsyslog is configured to send logs to a remote log host
Description:
rsyslog
supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host or to receive
messages from remote hosts, thus enabling centralized log management.
Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an
attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log
data that is stored on the local system.
Note:
This recommendation only applies if
rsyslog
is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this recommendation if
systemd-journald
is used.
Edit the
/etc/rsyslog.conf
and
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
files and add the following line (where
loghost.example.com
is the name of your central log host). The
target
directive may either be a fully qualified domain name or an IP address.
Example:
*.* action(type="omfwd" target="loghost.example.com" port="514" protocol="tcp"
action.resumeRetryCount="100"
queue.type="LinkedList" queue.size="1000")
Run the following command to reload
rsyslog.service
:
# systemctl reload-or-restart rsyslog.service
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3.6_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-6
- URL: https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass6.2.3.7 Ensure rsyslog is not configured to receive logs from a remote client
Description:
rsyslog
supports the ability to receive messages from remote hosts, thus acting as a log server.
Clients should not receive data from other hosts.
If a client is configured to also receive data, thus turning it into a server, the
client system is acting outside its operational boundary.
Note:
This recommendation only applies if
rsyslog
is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this recommendation if
systemd-journald
is used.
Should there be any active log server configuration found in the auditing section,
modify those files and remove the specific lines highlighted by the audit. Verify
none of the following entries are present in any of
/etc/rsyslog.conf
or
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
.
advanced format
module(load="imtcp")
input(type="imtcp" port="514")
deprecated legacy format
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun
Restart the service:
# systemctl restart rsyslog
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| OR |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*module\(load=\"?imtcp\"?\) |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*module\(load=\"?imtcp\"?\) |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*input\(type=\"?imtcp\"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*input\(type=\"?imtcp\"?\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$ModLoad\h+imtcp\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$ModLoad\h+imtcp\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$InputTCPServerRun\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$InputTCPServerRun\b |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is not installed |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
4.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
8.2310.0 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:8.2310.0-4.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3.7_Ensure_rsyslog_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/index.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670877"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670877">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670877"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*module\(load=\"?imtcp\"?\)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670882"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670882">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670882"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*module\(load=\"?imtcp\"?\)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670890"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670890">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670890"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*input\(type=\"?imtcp\"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670894"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670894">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670894"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*input\(type=\"?imtcp\"?\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670899"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670899">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670899"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$ModLoad\h+imtcp\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670906"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670906">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670906"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$ModLoad\h+imtcp\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670912"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670912">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670912"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$InputTCPServerRun\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670917"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670917">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670917"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*\$InputTCPServerRun\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670922"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670922">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670922"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is not installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>8.2310.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:8.2310.0-4.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>rsyslog-0:8.2310.0-4.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12, CM-6
- URL: https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/index.html
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and
services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available
to attackers. |
| Subcontrol: |
9.2 |
| Label: |
Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running |
| Description: |
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with
validated business needs are running on each system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices,
including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers)
and software (operating systems and applications). |
| Safeguard: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software |
| Description: |
Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such
as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual6.2.3.8 Ensure rsyslog logrotate is configured
Description:
The system includes the capability of rotating log files regularly to avoid filling
up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large. The file
/etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog
is the configuration file used to rotate log files created by
rsyslog
.
By keeping the log files smaller and more manageable, a system administrator can easily
archive these files to another system and spend less time looking through inordinately
large log files.
Note:
This recommendation only applies if
rsyslog
is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this recommendation if
systemd-journald
is used.
Edit
/etc/logrotate.conf
and
/etc/logrotate.d/*
to ensure logs are rotated according to site policy.
Example logrotate configuration that specifies log files be rotated weekly, keep 4
backlogs, compress old log files, ignores missing and empty log files, postrotate
to reload rsyslog service after logs are rotated
/var/log/rsyslog/*.log {
weekly
rotate 4
compress
missingok
notifempty
postrotate
/usr/bin/systemctl reload rsyslog.service >/dev/null || true
endscript
}
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3.8_Ensure_rsyslog_logrotate_is_configured"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/tutorials/log_rotation_fix_size.html</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8
- URL: https://www.rsyslog.com/doc/tutorials/log_rotation_fix_size.html
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.4 |
| Label: |
Ensure adequate storage for logs |
| Description: |
Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage |
| Description: |
Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's
audit log management process. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
6.2.4 Configure Logfiles
Fail6.2.4.1 Ensure access to all logfiles has been configured
Description:
Log files contain information from many services on the the local system, or in the
event of a centralized log server, others systems logs as well.
In general log files are found in
/var/log/
, although application can be configured to store logs elsewhere. Should your application
store logs in another, ensure to run the same test on that location.
It is important that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive
data is protected and that only the appropriate users / groups have access to them.
Run the following script to update permissions and ownership on files in
/var/log
.
Although the script is not destructive, ensure that the output is captured in the
event that the remediation causes issues.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_op2="" l_output2=""
l_uidmin="$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)"
file_test_fix()
{
l_op2=""
l_fuser="root"
l_fgroup="root"
if [ $(( $l_mode & $perm_mask )) -gt 0 ]; then
l_op2="$l_op2\n - Mode: \"$l_mode\" should be \"$maxperm\" or more restrictive\n
- Removing excess permissions"
chmod "$l_rperms" "$l_fname"
fi
if [[ ! "$l_user" =~ $l_auser ]]; then
l_op2="$l_op2\n - Owned by: \"$l_user\" and should be owned by \"${l_auser//|/ or
}\"\n - Changing ownership to: \"$l_fuser\""
chown "$l_fuser" "$l_fname"
fi
if [[ ! "$l_group" =~ $l_agroup ]]; then
l_op2="$l_op2\n - Group owned by: \"$l_group\" and should be group owned by \"${l_agroup//|/
or }\"\n - Changing group ownership to: \"$l_fgroup\""
chgrp "$l_fgroup" "$l_fname"
fi
[ -n "$l_op2" ] && l_output2="$l_output2\n - File: \"$l_fname\" is:$l_op2\n"
}
unset a_file && a_file=() # clear and initialize array
# Loop to create array with stat of files that could possibly fail one of the audits
while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do
[ -e "$l_file" ] && a_file+=("$(stat -Lc '%n^%#a^%U^%u^%G^%g' "$l_file")")
done < <(find -L /var/log -type f \( -perm /0137 -o ! -user root -o ! -group root
\) -print0)
while IFS="^" read -r l_fname l_mode l_user l_uid l_group l_gid; do
l_bname="$(basename "$l_fname")"
case "$l_bname" in
lastlog | lastlog.* | wtmp | wtmp.* | wtmp-* | btmp | btmp.* | btmp-* | README)
perm_mask='0113'
maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"
l_rperms="ug-x,o-wx"
l_auser="root"
l_agroup="(root|utmp)"
file_test_fix
;;
secure | auth.log | syslog | messages)
perm_mask='0137'
maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"
l_rperms="u-x,g-wx,o-rwx"
l_auser="(root|syslog)"
l_agroup="(root|adm)"
file_test_fix
;;
SSSD | sssd)
perm_mask='0117'
maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"
l_rperms="ug-x,o-rwx"
l_auser="(root|SSSD)"
l_agroup="(root|SSSD)"
file_test_fix
;;
gdm | gdm3)
perm_mask='0117'
l_rperms="ug-x,o-rwx"
maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"
l_auser="root"
l_agroup="(root|gdm|gdm3)"
file_test_fix
;;
*.journal | *.journal~)
perm_mask='0137'
maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"
l_rperms="u-x,g-wx,o-rwx"
l_auser="root"
l_agroup="(root|systemd-journal)"
file_test_fix
;;
*)
perm_mask='0137'
maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"
l_rperms="u-x,g-wx,o-rwx"
l_auser="(root|syslog)"
l_agroup="(root|adm)"
if [ "$l_uid" -lt "$l_uidmin" ] && [ -z "$(awk -v grp="$l_group" -F: '$1==grp {print
$4}' /etc/group)" ]; then
if [[ ! "$l_user" =~ $l_auser ]]; then
l_auser="(root|syslog|$l_user)"
fi
if [[ ! "$l_group" =~ $l_agroup ]]; then
l_tst=""
while l_out3="" read -r l_duid; do
[ "$l_duid" -ge "$l_uidmin" ] && l_tst=failed
done <<< "$(awk -F: '$4=='"$l_gid"' {print $3}' /etc/passwd)"
[ "$l_tst" != "failed" ] && l_agroup="(root|adm|$l_group)"
fi
fi
file_test_fix
;;
esac
done <<< "$(printf '%s\n' "${a_file[@]}")"
unset a_file # Clear array
# If all files passed, then we report no changes
if [ -z "$l_output2" ]; then
echo -e "- All files in \"/var/log/\" have appropriate permissions and ownership\n
- No changes required\n"
else
# print report of changes
echo -e "\n$l_output2"
fi
}
Note:
You may also need to change the configuration for your logging software or services
for any logs that had incorrect permissions.
If there are services that log to other locations, ensure that those log files have
the appropriate access configured.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Results:
- ** Fail **
- - File: "/var/log/amazon/ssm/amazon-ssm-agent.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/amazon/ssm/errors.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/rhsm/rhsm.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/rhsm/rhsmcertd.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/tuned/tuned.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/choose_repo.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/dnf.librepo.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/dnf.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/dnf.rpm.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
- - File: "/var/log/hawkey.log" is:
- - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4.1_Ensure_access_to_all_logfiles_has_been_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Results:</l>
<l> ** Fail **</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/amazon/ssm/amazon-ssm-agent.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/amazon/ssm/errors.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/rhsm/rhsm.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/rhsm/rhsmcertd.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/tuned/tuned.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/choose_repo.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/dnf.librepo.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/dnf.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/dnf.rpm.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
<l> - File: "/var/log/hawkey.log" is:</l>
<l> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Results:</li>
<li> ** Fail **</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/amazon/ssm/amazon-ssm-agent.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/amazon/ssm/errors.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/rhsm/rhsm.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/rhsm/rhsmcertd.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/tuned/tuned.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/choose_repo.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/dnf.librepo.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/dnf.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/dnf.rpm.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
<li> - File: "/var/log/hawkey.log" is:</li>
<li> - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
6.3 System Auditing
The Linux Auditing System operates on a set of rules that collects certain types of
system activity to facilitate incident investigation, detect unauthorized access or
modification of data. By default events will be logged to
/var/log/audit/audit.log
, which can be configured in
/etc/audit/auditd.conf
.
The following types of audit rules can be specified:
- Control rules: Configuration of the auditing system.
- File system rules: Allow the auditing of access to a particular file or a directory.
Also known as file watches.
- System call rules: Allow logging of system calls that any specified program makes.
Audit rules can be set:
-
On the command line using the
auditctl
utility. These rules are not persistent across reboots.
-
In /etc/audit/audit.rules
. These rules have to be merged and loaded before they are active.
Notes:
-
For 64 bit systems that have
arch
as a rule parameter, you will need two rules: one for 64 bit and one for 32 bit systems
calls. For 32 bit systems, only one rule is needed.
-
If the auditing system is configured to be locked (
-e 2
), a system reboot will be required in order to load any changes.
- Key names are optional on the rules and will not be used in compliance auditing. The
usage of key names is highly recommended as it facilitates organization and searching;
as such, all remediation steps will have key names supplied.
-
It is best practice to store the rules, in number prepended files, in
/etc/audit/rules.d/
. Rules must end in a
.rules
suffix. This then requires the use of
augenrules
to merge all the rules into
/etc/audit/audit.rules
based on their alphabetical (lexical) sort order. All benchmark recommendations follow
this best practice for remediation, specifically using the prefix of
50
which is center weighed if all rule sets make use of the number prepending naming
convention.
-
Your system may have been customized to change the default
UID_MIN
. All sample output uses
1000
, but this value will not be used in compliance auditing. To confirm the
UID_MIN
for your system, run the following command:
awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs
Normalization
The Audit system normalizes some entries, so when you look at the sample output keep
in mind that:
-
With regards to users whose login UID is not set, the values
-1
/ unset
/ 4294967295
are equivalent and normalized to
-1
.
-
When comparing field types and both sides of the comparison is valid fields types,
such as
euid!=uid
, then the auditing system may normalize such that the output is
uid!=euid
.
- Some parts of the rule may be rearranged whilst others are dependent on previous syntax.
For example, the following two statements are the same:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -C uid!=euid -F auid!=-1 -F key=user_emulation
and
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -C euid!=uid -F auid!=unset -S execve -k user_emulation
Capacity planning
The recommendations in this section implement auditing policies that not only produce
large quantities of logged data, but may also negatively impact system performance.
Capacity planning is critical in order not to adversely impact production environments.
- Disk space. If a significantly large set of events are captured, additional on system
or off system storage may need to be allocated. If the logs are not sent to a remote
log server, ensure that log rotation is implemented else the disk will fill up and
the system will halt. Even when logs are sent to a log server, ensure sufficient disk
space to allow caching of logs in the case of temporary network outages.
- Disk IO. It is not just the amount of data collected that should be considered, but
the rate at which logs are generated.
- CPU overhead. System call rules might incur considerable CPU overhead. Test the systems
open/close syscalls per second with and without the rules to gauge the impact of the
rules.
6.3.1 Configure auditd Service
The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to
allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.
Pass6.3.1.1 Ensure auditd packages are installed
Description:
auditd
is the userspace component to the Linux Auditing System. It's responsible for writing
audit records to the disk.
The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to
allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.
Run the following command to install
audit
and
audit-libs
:
# dnf install audit audit-libs
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'audit' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
audit |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
2.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
3.1.2 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:3.1.2-2.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
audit-0:3.1.2-2.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Criterion: |
Ensure package name equals 'audit-libs' is installed |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Rpminfo Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Name |
String |
Exists |
audit-libs |
| Arch |
String |
Exists |
x86_64 |
| Epoch |
String |
Exists |
(none) |
| Release |
String |
Exists |
2.el9 |
| Version |
String |
Exists |
3.1.2 |
| Evr |
Evr String |
Exists |
0:3.1.2-2.el9 |
| Signature Keyid |
String |
Exists |
199e2f91fd431d51 |
| Extended Name |
String |
Exists |
audit-libs-0:3.1.2-2.el9.x86_64 |
| Filepath |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.1.1_Ensure_auditd_packages_are_installed"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.359+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-3(1), AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670936"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670936">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670936"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'audit' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.1.2-2.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>audit-0:3.1.2-2.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670939"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670939">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670939"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure package name equals 'audit-libs' is installed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Rpminfo Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>audit-libs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Epoch</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>(none)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Release</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>2.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Version</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>3.1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Evr</td>
<td>Evr String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>0:3.1.2-2.el9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Signature Keyid</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>199e2f91fd431d51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extended Name</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>audit-libs-0:3.1.2-2.el9.x86_64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-3(1), AU-12, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.1.2 Ensure auditing for processes that start prior to auditd is enabled
Description:
Configure
grub2
so that processes that are capable of being audited can be audited even if they start
up prior to
auditd
startup.
Audit events need to be captured on processes that start up prior to
auditd
, so that potential malicious activity cannot go undetected.
Run the following command to update the
grub2
configuration with
audit=1
:
# grubby --update-kernel ALL --args 'audit=1'
Edit
/etc/default/grub
and add
audit=1
to the
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=
line between the opening and closing double quotes:
Example:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet audit=1"
Note:
Other parameters may also be listed
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Grub parameter: "audit=1" is not set
- *** Lines from grub config: ***
- args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295
crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"
- *** END ***
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/grub exists and matches pattern ^\h*GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"([^#\n\r]+\h+)?audit=1\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.1.2_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670943_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Grub parameter: "audit=1" is not set</l>
<l/>
<l>*** Lines from grub config: ***</l>
<l>args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"</l>
<l>*** END ***</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Grub parameter: "audit=1" is not set</li>
<li/>
<li>*** Lines from grub config: ***</li>
<li>args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"</li>
<li>*** END ***</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670947"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670947">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670947"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/grub exists and matches pattern ^\h*GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"([^#\n\r]+\h+)?audit=1\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.1.3 Ensure audit_backlog_limit is sufficient
Description:
The
audit_backlog_limit
parameter determines how auditd records can be held in the auditd backlog. The default
setting of 64 may be insufficient to store all audit events during boot.
During boot if
audit=1
, then the backlog will hold 64 records. If more than 64 records are created during
boot, auditd records will be lost and potential malicious activity could go undetected.
Run the following command to add
audit_backlog_limit=<BACKLOG SIZE>
to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX:
# grubby --update-kernel ALL --args 'audit_backlog_limit=<BACKLOG SIZE>'
Example:
# grubby --update-kernel ALL --args 'audit_backlog_limit=8192'
Edit
/etc/default/grub
and add
audit_backlog_limit=<BACKLOG SIZE>
to the
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=
line between the opening and closing double quotes:
Example:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet audit_backlog_limit=8192"
Note:
Other parameters may also be listed
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - Grub parameter: "audit_backlog_limit=\d+" is not set
- *** Lines from grub config: ***
- args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295
crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"
- *** END ***
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/grub exists and matches pattern ^\h*GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\baudit_backlog_limit=\d+\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.1.3_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670951_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - Grub parameter: "audit_backlog_limit=\d+" is not set</l>
<l/>
<l>*** Lines from grub config: ***</l>
<l>args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"</l>
<l>*** END ***</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_grubby_exist_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - Grub parameter: "audit_backlog_limit=\d+" is not set</li>
<li/>
<li>*** Lines from grub config: ***</li>
<li>args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params"</li>
<li>*** END ***</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670955"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670955">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670955"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/grub exists and matches pattern ^\h*GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\baudit_backlog_limit=\d+\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Pass6.3.1.4 Ensure auditd service is enabled and active
Description:
Turn on the
auditd
daemon to record system events.
The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to
allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.
Run the following commands to unmask, enable and start
auditd
:
# systemctl unmask auditd
# systemctl enable auditd
# systemctl start auditd
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'auditd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
auditd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
UnitFileState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
enabled |
| Criterion: |
Ensure systemd 'auditd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active' |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Systemdunitproperty Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Unit |
String |
Exists |
auditd.service |
| Property |
String |
Exists |
ActiveState |
| Value |
String |
Exists |
active |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.1.4_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled_and_active"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670959"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670959_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670959"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670959">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670959"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'auditd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>UnitFileState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>enabled</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:var:5670963"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670963_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670963"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670963">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670963"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure systemd 'auditd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Unit</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd.service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Property</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>ActiveState</td>
</tr>
<tr class="evaluated">
<td>Value</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>active</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
6.3.2 Configure Data Retention
When auditing, it is important to carefully configure the storage requirements for
audit logs. By default, auditd will max out the log files at 5MB and retain only 4
copies of them. Older versions will be deleted. It is possible on a system that the
20 MBs of audit logs may fill up the system causing loss of audit data. While the
recommendations here provide guidance, check your site policy for audit storage requirements.
Pass6.3.2.1 Ensure audit log storage size is configured
Description:
Configure the maximum size of the audit log file. Once the log reaches the maximum
size, it will be rotated and a new log file will be started.
It is important that an appropriate size is determined for log files so that they
do not impact the system and audit data is not lost.
Set the following parameter in
/etc/audit/auditd.conf
in accordance with site policy:
max_log_file = <MB>
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*max_log_file\h*=\h*\d+\b.*$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
Textfilecontent Item
| Name |
Type |
Status |
Value |
| Filepath |
String |
Exists |
/etc/audit/auditd.conf |
| Path |
String |
Exists |
/etc/audit |
| Filename |
String |
Exists |
auditd.conf |
| Pattern |
String |
Exists |
^\h*max_log_file\h*=\h*\d+\b.*$ |
| Instance |
Int |
Exists |
1 |
| Line |
String |
Exists |
max_log_file = 8 |
| Text |
String |
Exists |
max_log_file = 8 |
| Subexpression |
String |
Does not exist |
No Value |
| Windows View |
String |
Not collected |
No Value |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670967"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670967">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670967"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*max_log_file\h*=\h*\d+\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Name</th>
<th scope="col">Type</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>Filepath</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit/auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Path</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>/etc/audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filename</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>auditd.conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pattern</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>^\h*max_log_file\h*=\h*\d+\b.*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Instance</td>
<td>Int</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Line</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>max_log_file = 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Text</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Exists</td>
<td>max_log_file = 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subexpression</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Does not exist</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows View</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>Not collected</td>
<td>No Value</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.4 |
| Label: |
Ensure adequate storage for logs |
| Description: |
Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage |
| Description: |
Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's
audit log management process. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail6.3.2.2 Ensure audit logs are not automatically deleted
Description:
The
max_log_file_action
setting determines how to handle the audit log file reaching the max file size. A
value of
keep_logs
will rotate the logs but never delete old logs.
In high security contexts, the benefits of maintaining a long audit history exceed
the cost of storing the audit history.
Set the following parameter in
/etc/audit/auditd.conf:
max_log_file_action = keep_logs
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*max_log_file_action\s*=\s*keep_logs\s*(\s+#.*)?$ |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670972"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670972">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670972"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*max_log_file_action\s*=\s*keep_logs\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.4 |
| Label: |
Ensure adequate storage for logs |
| Description: |
Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage |
| Description: |
Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's
audit log management process. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail6.3.2.3 Ensure system is disabled when audit logs are full
Description:
The
auditd
daemon can be configured to halt the system or put the system in single user mode,
if no free space is available or an error is detected on the partition that holds
the audit log files.
The
disk_full_action
parameter tells the system what action to take when no free space is available on
the partition that holds the audit log files. Valid values are
ignore
,
syslog
,
rotate
,
exec
,
suspend
,
single
, and
halt
.
- ignore
, the audit daemon will issue a syslog message but no other action is taken
- syslog
, the audit daemon will issue a warning to syslog
- rotate
, the audit daemon will rotate logs, losing the oldest to free up space
- exec
, /path-to-script will execute the script. You cannot pass parameters to the script.
The script is also responsible for telling the auditd daemon to resume logging once
its completed its action
- suspend
, the audit daemon will stop writing records to the disk
- single
, the audit daemon will put the computer system in single user mode
- halt
, the audit daemon will shut down the system
The
disk_error_action
parameter tells the system what action to take when an error is detected on the partition
that holds the audit log files. Valid values are
ignore
,
syslog
,
exec
,
suspend
,
single
, and
halt
.
- ignore
, the audit daemon will not take any action
- syslog
, the audit daemon will issue no more than 5 consecutive warnings to syslog
- exec
, /path-to-script will execute the script. You cannot pass parameters to the script
- suspend
, the audit daemon will stop writing records to the disk
- single
, the audit daemon will put the computer system in single user mode
- halt
, the audit daemon will shut down the system
In high security contexts, the risk of detecting unauthorized access or nonrepudiation
exceeds the benefit of the system's availability.
Set one of the following parameters in
/etc/audit/auditd.conf
depending on your local security policies.
disk_full_action = <halt|single>
disk_error_action = <syslog|single|halt>
Example:
disk_full_action = halt
disk_error_action = halt
Impact:
disk_full_action
parameter:
-
Set to
halt
- the
auditd
daemon will shutdown the system when the disk partition containing the audit logs
becomes full.
-
Set to
single
- the
auditd
daemon will put the computer system in single user mode when the disk partition containing
the audit logs becomes full.
disk_error_action
parameter:
-
Set to
halt
- the
auditd
daemon will shutdown the system when an error is detected on the partition that holds
the audit log files.
-
Set to
single
- the
auditd
daemon will put the computer system in single user mode when an error is detected
on the partition that holds the audit log files.
-
Set to
syslog
- the
auditd
daemon will issue no more than 5 consecutive warnings to syslog when an error is detected
on the partition that holds the audit log files.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*disk_full_action\h*=\h*(halt|single)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*disk_error_action\h*=\h*(syslog|single|halt)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-8, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AUDITD.CONF(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/security_hardening/auditing-the-system_security-hardening#configuring-auditd-for-a-secure-environment_auditing-the-system</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670976"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670976">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670976"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*disk_full_action\h*=\h*(halt|single)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670980"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670980">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670980"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*disk_error_action\h*=\h*(syslog|single|halt)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-8, AU-12, SI-5
- URL: AUDITD.CONF(5)
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/security_hardening/auditing-the-system_security-hardening#configuring-auditd-for-a-secure-environment_auditing-the-system
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage |
| Description: |
Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's
audit log management process. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail6.3.2.4 Ensure system warns when audit logs are low on space
Description:
The
auditd
daemon can be configured to halt the system, put the system in single user mode or
send a warning message, if the partition that holds the audit log files is low on
space.
The
space_left_action
parameter tells the system what action to take when the system has detected that it
is starting to get low on disk space. Valid values are
ignore
,
syslog
,
rotate
,
email
,
exec
,
suspend
,
single
, and
halt
.
- ignore
, the audit daemon does nothing
- syslog
, the audit daemon will issue a warning to syslog
- rotate
, the audit daemon will rotate logs, losing the oldest to free up space
- email
, the audit daemon will send a warning to the email account specified in
action_mail_acct
as well as sending the message to syslog
- exec
, /path-to-script will execute the script. You cannot pass parameters to the script.
The script is also responsible for telling the auditd daemon to resume logging once
its completed its action
- suspend
, the audit daemon will stop writing records to the disk
- single
, the audit daemon will put the computer system in single user mode
- halt
, the audit daemon will shut down the system
The
admin_space_left_action
parameter tells the system what action to take when the system has detected that it
is low on disk space. Valid values are
ignore
,
syslog
,
rotate
,
email
,
exec
,
suspend
,
single
, and
halt
.
- ignore
, the audit daemon does nothing
- syslog
, the audit daemon will issue a warning to syslog
- rotate
, the audit daemon will rotate logs, losing the oldest to free up space
- email
, the audit daemon will send a warning to the email account specified in
action_mail_acct
as well as sending the message to syslog
- exec
, /path-to-script will execute the script. You cannot pass parameters to the script.
The script is also responsible for telling the auditd daemon to resume logging once
its completed its action
- suspend
, the audit daemon will stop writing records to the disk
- single
, the audit daemon will put the computer system in single user mode
- halt
, the audit daemon will shut down the system
In high security contexts, the risk of detecting unauthorized access or nonrepudiation
exceeds the benefit of the system's availability.
Set the
space_left_action
parameter in
/etc/audit/auditd.conf
to
email
,
exec
,
single
, or
halt
:
Example:
space_left_action = email
Set the
admin_space_left_action
parameter in
/etc/audit/auditd.conf
to
single
or
halt
:
Example:
admin_space_left_action = single
Note:
A Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) must be installed and configured properly to set
space_left_action = email
Impact:
If the
admin_space_left_action
is set to
single
the audit daemon will put the computer system in single user mode.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*space_left_action\h*=\h*(email|exec|single|halt)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
| Criterion: |
Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*admin_space_left_action\h*=\h*(single|halt)\b |
| Existence Check: |
At Least One Exists |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Fail |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.2.4_Ensure_system_warns_when_audit_logs_are_low_on_space"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-8, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">AUDITD.CONF(5)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/security_hardening/auditing-the-system_security-hardening#configuring-auditd-for-a-secure-environment_auditing-the-system</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670984"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670984">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670984"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*space_left_action\h*=\h*(email|exec|single|halt)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670987"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670987">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670987"
check="all"
check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*admin_space_left_action\h*=\h*(single|halt)\b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>At Least One Exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-8, AU-12, SI-5
- URL: AUDITD.CONF(5)
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/security_hardening/auditing-the-system_security-hardening#configuring-auditd-for-a-secure-environment_auditing-the-system
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.3 |
| Label: |
Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage |
| Description: |
Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's
audit log management process. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
6.3.3 Configure auditd Rules
The Audit system operates on a set of rules that define what is to be captured in
the log files.
The following types of Audit rules can be specified:
- Control rules: Allow the Audit system's behavior and some of its configuration to
be modified.
- File system rules: Allow the auditing of access to a particular file or a directory.
(Also known as file watches)
- System call rules: Allow logging of system calls that any specified program makes.
Audit rules can be set:
- on the command line using the auditctl utility. Note that these rules are not persistent
across reboots.
-
in a file ending in
.rules
in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory.
Fail6.3.3.1 Ensure changes to system administration scope (sudoers) is collected
Description:
Monitor scope changes for system administrators. If the system has been properly configured
to force system administrators to log in as themselves first and then use the
sudo
command to execute privileged commands, it is possible to monitor changes in scope.
The file
/etc/sudoers
, or files in
/etc/sudoers.d
, will be written to when the file(s) or related attributes have changed. The audit
records will be tagged with the identifier "scope".
Changes in the
/etc/sudoers
and
/etc/sudoers.d
files can indicate that an unauthorized change has been made to the scope of system
administrator activity.
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor scope changes for system administrators.
Example:
# printf '%s\n' "-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k scope" "-w /etc/sudoers.d -p wa -k scope"
>> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-scope.rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers.d" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers.d" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.1_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670993_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670995_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers.d" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers.d" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers.d" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sudoers.d" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Log and Alert on Changes to Administrative Group Membership |
| Description: |
Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert when an account is added to or removed
from any group assigned administrative privileges. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.2 Ensure actions as another user are always logged
Description:
sudo
provides users with temporary elevated privileges to perform operations, either as
the superuser or another user.
Creating an audit log of users with temporary elevated privileges and the operation(s)
they performed is essential to reporting. Administrators will want to correlate the
events written to the audit trail with the records written to
sudo
's logfile to verify if unauthorized commands have been executed.
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor elevated privileges.
Example:
# printf "
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -C euid!=uid -F auid!=unset -S execve -k user_emulation
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -C euid!=uid -F auid!=unset -S execve -k user_emulation
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-user_emulation.rules
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.2_Ensure_actions_as_another_user_are_always_logged"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670999_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671002_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "execve" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.9 |
| Label: |
Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login |
| Description: |
Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative
account. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.3 Ensure events that modify the sudo log file are collected
Description:
Monitor the
sudo
log file. If the system has been properly configured to disable the use of the
su
command and force all administrators to have to log in first and then use
sudo
to execute privileged commands, then all administrator commands will be logged to
/var/log/sudo.log
. Any time a command is executed, an audit event will be triggered as the
/var/log/sudo.log
file will be opened for write and the executed administration command will be written
to the log.
Changes in
/var/log/sudo.log
indicate that an administrator has executed a command or the log file itself has been
tampered with. Administrators will want to correlate the events written to the audit
trail with the records written to
/var/log/sudo.log
to verify if unauthorized commands have been executed.
Note:
This recommendation requires that the sudo logfile is configured. See guidance provided
in the recommendation "Ensure sudo log file exists"
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify the sudo log file.
Example:
# {
SUDO_LOG_FILE=$(grep -r logfile /etc/sudoers* | sed -e 's/.*logfile=//;s/,? .*//'
-e 's/"//g')
[ -n "${SUDO_LOG_FILE}" ] && printf "
-w ${SUDO_LOG_FILE} -p wa -k sudo_log_file
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-sudo.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'SUDO_LOG_FILE' is
unset.\n"
}
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Sudo logfile setting not found in a sudo configuration file
- ** Please refer to Recommendation: "Ensure sudo log file exists" **
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_sudo_log_file_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671005_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Sudo logfile setting not found in a sudo configuration file</l>
<l> ** Please refer to Recommendation: "Ensure sudo log file exists" **</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Sudo logfile setting not found in a sudo configuration file</li>
<li> ** Please refer to Recommendation: "Ensure sudo log file exists" **</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.9 |
| Label: |
Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login |
| Description: |
Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative
account. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.4 Ensure events that modify date and time information are collected
Description:
Capture events where the system date and/or time has been modified. The parameters
in this section are set to determine if the;
- adjtimex
- tune kernel clock
- settimeofday
- set time using
timeval
and
timezone
structures
- stime
- using seconds since 1/1/1970
- clock_settime
- allows for the setting of several internal clocks and timers
system calls have been executed. Further, ensure to write an audit record to the configured
audit log file upon exit, tagging the records with a unique identifier such as "time-change".
Unexpected changes in system date and/or time could be a sign of malicious activity
on the system.
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify date and time information.
Example:
# printf "
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex,settimeofday -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex,settimeofday -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -k time-change
-w /etc/localtime -p wa -k time-change
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/localtime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/localtime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5734048_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5734049_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5734050_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/localtime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/localtime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/localtime" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/localtime" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security
configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous
configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers
from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. |
| Subcontrol: |
5.5 |
| Label: |
Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems |
| Description: |
Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring
system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions,
and alert when unauthorized changes occur. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.5 Ensure events that modify the system's network environment are collected
Description:
Record changes to network environment files or system calls. The below parameters
monitors the following system calls, and write an audit event on system call exit:
- sethostname
- set the systems host name
- setdomainname
- set the systems domain name
The files being monitored are:
- /etc/issue
and
/etc/issue.net
- messages displayed pre-login
- /etc/hosts
- file containing host names and associated IP addresses
- /etc/hostname
- file contains the system's host name
- /etc/sysconfig/network
- additional information that is valid to all network interfaces
- /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
- directory containing network interface scripts and configurations files
- /etc/NetworkManager/
- directory contains configuration files and settings used by the
NetworkManager
Monitoring
sethostname
and
setdomainname
will identify potential unauthorized changes to host and domain name of a system.
The changing of these names could potentially break security parameters that are set
based on those names. The
/etc/hosts
file is monitored for changes that can indicate an unauthorized intruder is trying
to change machine associations with IP addresses and trick users and processes into
connecting to unintended machines. Monitoring
/etc/issue
and
/etc/issue.net
is important, as intruders could put disinformation into those files and trick users
into providing information to the intruder. Monitoring
/etc/sysconfig/network
is important as it can show if network interfaces or scripts are being modified in
a way that can lead to the machine becoming unavailable or compromised. All audit
records should have a relevant tag associated with them.
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify the system's network
environment.
Example:
# printf "
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S sethostname,setdomainname -k system-locale
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S sethostname,setdomainname -k system-locale
-w /etc/issue -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/hostname -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/sysconfig/network -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/NetworkManager -p wa -k system-locale
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-system_locale.rules
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue.net" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue.net" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hosts" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hosts" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network" doesn't exist in the auditd running
configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts" doesn't exist in an auditd
rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts" doesn't exist in the auditd
running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/NetworkManager" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/NetworkManager" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684405_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684406_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "sethostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684407_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684408_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue.net" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue.net" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue.net" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/issue.net" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684409_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hosts" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hosts" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hosts" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hosts" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684410_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684411_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684412_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hostname" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/hostname" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684413_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/NetworkManager" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/NetworkManager" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/NetworkManager" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/NetworkManager" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security
configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous
configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers
from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. |
| Subcontrol: |
5.5 |
| Label: |
Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems |
| Description: |
Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring
system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions,
and alert when unauthorized changes occur. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.6 Ensure use of privileged commands are collected
Description:
Monitor privileged programs, those that have the
setuid
and/or
setgid
bit set on execution, to determine if unprivileged users are running these commands.
Execution of privileged commands by non-privileged users could be an indication of
someone trying to gain unauthorized access to the system.
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor the use of privileged commands.
Example script:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
AUDIT_RULE_FILE="/etc/audit/rules.d/50-privileged.rules"
NEW_DATA=()
for PARTITION in $(findmnt -n -l -k -it $(awk '/nodev/ { print $2 }' /proc/filesystems
| paste -sd,) | grep -Pv "noexec|nosuid" | awk '{print $1}'); do
readarray -t DATA < <(find "${PARTITION}" -xdev -perm /6000 -type f | awk -v UID_MIN=${UID_MIN}
'{print "-a always,exit -F path=" $1 " -F perm=x -F auid>="UID_MIN" -F auid!=unset
-k privileged" }')
for ENTRY in "${DATA[@]}"; do
NEW_DATA+=("${ENTRY}")
done
done
readarray &> /dev/null -t OLD_DATA < "${AUDIT_RULE_FILE}"
COMBINED_DATA=( "${OLD_DATA[@]}" "${NEW_DATA[@]}" )
printf '%s\n' "${COMBINED_DATA[@]}" | sort -u > "${AUDIT_RULE_FILE}"
}
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Special mount points
If there are any special mount points that are not visible by default from just scanning
/
, change the
PARTITION
variable to the appropriate partition and re-run the remediation.
Impact:
Both the audit and remediation section of this recommendation will traverse all mounted
file systems that is not mounted with either
noexec
or
nosuid
mount options. If there are large file systems without these mount options,
such traversal will be significantly detrimental to the performance of the system.
Before running either the audit or remediation section, inspect the output of the
following command to determine exactly which file systems will be traversed:
# findmnt -n -l -k -it $(awk '/nodev/ { print $2 }' /proc/filesystems | paste -sd,)
| grep -Pv "noexec|nosuid"
To exclude a particular file system due to adverse performance impacts, update the
audit and remediation sections by adding a sufficiently unique string to the
grep
statement. The above command can be used to test the modified exclusions.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_privileged_commands_rule_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Privileged file: "/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-keysign":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/libexec/utempter/utempter":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/chage":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/gpasswd":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/newgrp":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/passwd":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/mount":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/umount":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/sudo":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/su":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/write":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/pkexec":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/crontab":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/fusermount":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/pam_timestamp_check":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/grub2-set-bootflag":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/userhelper":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Privileged file: "/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1":
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.6_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-3(1)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_privileged_commands_rule_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_privileged_commands_rule_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_privileged_commands_rule_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-keysign":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/libexec/utempter/utempter":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/chage":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/gpasswd":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/newgrp":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/passwd":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/mount":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/umount":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/sudo":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/su":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/write":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/pkexec":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/crontab":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/fusermount":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/pam_timestamp_check":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/grub2-set-bootflag":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/userhelper":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l> - Privileged file: "/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1":</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_privileged_commands_rule_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-keysign":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/libexec/utempter/utempter":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/chage":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/gpasswd":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/newgrp":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/passwd":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/mount":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/umount":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/sudo":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/su":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/write":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/pkexec":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/crontab":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/bin/fusermount":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/pam_timestamp_check":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/grub2-set-bootflag":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/sbin/userhelper":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li> - Privileged file: "/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1":</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - auditd rule doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-3(1)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.7 Ensure unsuccessful file access attempts are collected
Description:
Monitor for unsuccessful attempts to access files. The following parameters are associated
with system calls that control files:
-
creation -
creat
-
opening -
open
,
openat
-
truncation -
truncate
,
ftruncate
An audit log record will only be written if all of the following criteria is met for
the user when trying to access a file:
- a non-privileged user (auid>=UID_MIN)
- is not a Daemon event (auid=4294967295/unset/-1)
- if the system call returned EACCES (permission denied) or EPERM (some other permanent
error associated with the specific system call)
Failed attempts to open, create or truncate files could be an indication that an individual
or process is trying to gain unauthorized access to the system.
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor unsuccessful file access attempts.
Example:
# {
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES
-F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM
-F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES
-F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM
-F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k access
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.7_Ensure_unsuccessful_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671054_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671058_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671060_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671065_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "creat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "open" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "openat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "truncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "ftruncate" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.9 |
| Label: |
Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data |
| Description: |
Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive
data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and
Event Monitoring). |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.8 Ensure events that modify user/group information are collected
Description:
Record events affecting the modification of user or group information, including that
of passwords and old passwords if in use.
- /etc/group
- system groups
- /etc/passwd
- system users
- /etc/gshadow
- encrypted password for each group
- /etc/shadow
- system user passwords
- /etc/security/opasswd
- storage of old passwords if the relevant PAM module is in use
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- file configures how the system uses various databases and name resolution mechanisms
- /etc/pam.conf
- file determines the authentication services to be used, and the order in which the
services are used.
- /etc/pam.d
- directory contains the PAM configuration files for each PAM-aware application.
The parameters in this section will watch the files to see if they have been opened
for write or have had attribute changes (e.g. permissions) and tag them with the identifier
"identity" in the audit log file.
Unexpected changes to these files could be an indication that the system has been
compromised and that an unauthorized user is attempting to hide their activities or
compromise additional accounts.
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify user/group information.
Example:
# printf "
-w /etc/group -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/nsswitch.conf -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/pam.conf -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/pam.d -p wa -k identity
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/group" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/group" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/passwd" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/passwd" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/gshadow" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/gshadow" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/shadow" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/shadow" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/security/opasswd" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/security/opasswd" doesn't exist in the auditd running
configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/nsswitch.conf" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/nsswitch.conf" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.conf" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.conf" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.d" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.d" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.8_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/manpages/nsswitch.conf.5.en.html</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/managing_smart_cards/pam_configuration_files</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671070_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/group" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/group" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/group" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/group" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671072_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/passwd" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/passwd" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/passwd" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/passwd" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671076_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/gshadow" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/gshadow" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/gshadow" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/gshadow" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671079_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/shadow" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/shadow" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/shadow" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/shadow" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671081_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/security/opasswd" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/security/opasswd" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/security/opasswd" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/security/opasswd" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671084_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/nsswitch.conf" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/nsswitch.conf" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/nsswitch.conf" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/nsswitch.conf" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671087_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.conf" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.conf" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.conf" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.conf" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671089_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.d" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.d" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.d" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/pam.d" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
- URL: https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/manpages/nsswitch.conf.5.en.html
- URL: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/managing_smart_cards/pam_configuration_files
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.8 |
| Label: |
Log and Alert on Changes to Administrative Group Membership |
| Description: |
Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert when an account is added to or removed
from any group assigned administrative privileges. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.9 Ensure discretionary access control permission modification events are collected
Description:
Monitor changes to file permissions, attributes, ownership and group. The parameters
in this section track changes for system calls that affect file permissions and attributes.
The following commands and system calls effect the permissions, ownership and various
attributes of files.
- chmod
- fchmod
- fchmodat
- chown
- fchown
- fchownat
- lchown
- setxattr
- lsetxattr
- fsetxattr
- removexattr
- lremovexattr
- fremovexattr
In all cases, an audit record will only be written for non-system user ids and will
ignore Daemon events. All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "perm_mod."
Monitoring for changes in file attributes could alert a system administrator to activity
that could indicate intruder activity or policy violation.
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor discretionary access control permission
modification events.
Example:
# {
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset
-F key=perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown,fchown,lchown,fchownat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F
auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset
-F key=perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lchown,fchown,chown,fchownat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F
auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr,lsetxattr,fsetxattr,removexattr,lremovexattr,fremovexattr
-F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr,lsetxattr,fsetxattr,removexattr,lremovexattr,fremovexattr
-F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is
unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671095_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671097_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "chmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "chown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lchown" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fchownat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "setxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "removexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security
configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous
configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers
from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. |
| Subcontrol: |
5.5 |
| Label: |
Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems |
| Description: |
Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring
system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions,
and alert when unauthorized changes occur. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.10 Ensure successful file system mounts are collected
Description:
Monitor the use of the
mount
system call. The
mount
(and
umount
) system call controls the mounting and unmounting of file systems. The parameters
below configure the system to create an audit record when the mount system call is
used by a non-privileged user
It is highly unusual for a non privileged user to
mount
file systems to the system. While tracking
mount
commands gives the system administrator evidence that external media may have been
mounted (based on a review of the source of the mount and confirming it's an external
media type), it does not conclusively indicate that data was exported to the media.
System administrators who wish to determine if data were exported, would also have
to track successful
open
,
creat
and
truncate
system calls requiring write access to a file under the mount point of the external
media file system. This could give a fair indication that a write occurred. The only
way to truly prove it, would be to track successful writes to the external media.
Tracking write system calls could quickly fill up the audit log and is not recommended.
Recommendations on configuration options to track data export to media is beyond the
scope of this document.
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful file system mounts.
Example:
# {
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S mount -F auid>=$UID_MIN -F auid!=unset -k mounts
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S mount -F auid>=$UID_MIN -F auid!=unset -k mounts
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-mounts.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.10_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.360+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671102_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671105_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "mount" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.11 Ensure session initiation information is collected
Description:
Monitor session initiation events. The parameters in this section track changes to
the files associated with session events.
- /var/run/utmp
- tracks all currently logged in users.
- /var/log/wtmp
- file tracks logins, logouts, shutdown, and reboot events.
- /var/log/btmp
- keeps track of failed login attempts and can be read by entering the command
/usr/bin/last -f /var/log/btmp
.
All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "session."
Monitoring these files for changes could alert a system administrator to logins occurring
at unusual hours, which could indicate intruder activity (i.e. a user logging in at
a time when they do not normally log in).
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor session initiation information.
Example:
# printf "
-w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k session
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/utmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/utmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/wtmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/wtmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/btmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/btmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.11_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671111_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/utmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/utmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/utmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/utmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671114_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/wtmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/wtmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/wtmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/wtmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671116_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/btmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/btmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/btmp" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/btmp" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.9 |
| Label: |
Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login |
| Description: |
Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative
account. |
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.13 |
| Label: |
Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation |
| Description: |
Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation
location and duration. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.12 Ensure login and logout events are collected
Description:
Monitor login and logout events. The parameters below track changes to files associated
with login/logout events.
- /var/log/lastlog
- maintain records of the last time a user successfully logged in.
- /var/run/faillock
- directory maintains records of login failures via the
pam_faillock
module.
Monitoring login/logout events could provide a system administrator with information
associated with brute force attacks against user logins.
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor login and logout events.
Example:
# printf "
-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/run/faillock -p wa -k logins
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-login.rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/lastlog" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/lastlog" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/faillock" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/faillock" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.12_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671121_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/lastlog" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/lastlog" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/lastlog" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/log/lastlog" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671124_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/faillock" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/faillock" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/faillock" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /var/run/faillock" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.9 |
| Label: |
Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login |
| Description: |
Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative
account. |
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.11 |
| Label: |
Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity |
| Description: |
Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity. |
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.13 |
| Label: |
Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation |
| Description: |
Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation
location and duration. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.13 Ensure file deletion events by users are collected
Description:
Monitor the use of system calls associated with the deletion or renaming of files
and file attributes. This configuration statement sets up monitoring for:
- unlink
- remove a file
- unlinkat
- remove a file attribute
- rename
- rename a file
- renameat
rename a file attribute
system calls and tags them with the identifier "delete".
Monitoring these calls from non-privileged users could provide a system administrator
with evidence that inappropriate removal of files and file attributes associated with
protected files is occurring. While this audit option will look at all events, system
administrators will want to look for specific privileged files that are being deleted
or altered.
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor file deletion events by users.
Example:
# {
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S rename,unlink,unlinkat,renameat -F auid>=${UID_MIN}
-F auid!=unset -F key=delete
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S rename,unlink,unlinkat,renameat -F auid>=${UID_MIN}
-F auid!=unset -F key=delete
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-delete.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-12, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671128_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671131_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "rename" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "unlink" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "renameat" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-12, SC-7
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.14 Ensure events that modify the system's Mandatory Access Controls are collected
Description:
Monitor SELinux, an implementation of mandatory access controls. The parameters below
monitor any write access (potential additional, deletion or modification of files
in the directory) or attribute changes to the
/etc/selinux/
and
/usr/share/selinux/
directories.
Note:
If a different Mandatory Access Control method is used, changes to the corresponding
directories should be audited.
Changes to files in the
/etc/selinux/
and
/usr/share/selinux/
directories could indicate that an unauthorized user is attempting to modify access
controls and change security contexts, leading to a compromise of the system.
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify the system's Mandatory
Access Controls.
Example:
# printf "
-w /etc/selinux -p wa -k MAC-policy
-w /usr/share/selinux -p wa -k MAC-policy
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-MAC-policy.rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/selinux" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/selinux" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /usr/share/selinux" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-w /usr/share/selinux" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.14_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671136_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/selinux" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/selinux" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/selinux" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /etc/selinux" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671139_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /usr/share/selinux" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-w /usr/share/selinux" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /usr/share/selinux" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-w /usr/share/selinux" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops,
Workstations and Servers: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security
configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous
configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers
from exploiting vulnerable services and settings. |
| Subcontrol: |
5.5 |
| Label: |
Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems |
| Description: |
Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring
system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions,
and alert when unauthorized changes occur. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.15 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the chcon command are collected
Description:
The operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses
of the
chcon
command.
The
chcon
command is used to change file security context. Without generating audit records
that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would
be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident
or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system
(e.g., module or policy filter).
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful and unsuccessful attempts
to use the
chcon
command.
Example:
# {
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chcon -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset
-k perm_chng
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_chng.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is
unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chcon" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chcon" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.15_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_chcon_command_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671144_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chcon" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chcon" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chcon" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chcon" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.16 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the setfacl command are collected
Description:
The operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses
of the
setfacl
command
This utility sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. Without
generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the
organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events
relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system
(e.g., module or policy filter).
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful and unsuccessful attempts
to use the
setfacl
command.
Example:
# {
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/setfacl -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset
-k perm_chng
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_chng.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is
unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/setfacl" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/setfacl" doesn't exist in the auditd running
configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.16_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_setfacl_command_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671149_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/setfacl" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/setfacl" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/setfacl" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/setfacl" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.17 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the chacl command are collected
Description:
The operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses
of the
chacl
command.
chacl
is an IRIX-compatibility command, and is maintained for those users who are familiar
with its use from either XFS or IRIX.
chacl
changes the ACL(s) for a file or directory. Without generating audit records that
are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult
to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify
those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system
(e.g., module or policy filter).
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful and unsuccessful attempts
to use the
chacl
command.
Example:
# {
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chacl -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset
-k perm_chng
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_chng.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is
unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chacl" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chacl" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.17_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_chacl_command_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671153_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chacl" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chacl" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chacl" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/chacl" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.18 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the usermod command are collected
Description:
The operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses
of the
usermod
command.
The
usermod
command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified
on the command line. Without generating audit records that are specific to the security
and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate,
and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for
one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system
(e.g., module or policy filter).
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful and unsuccessful attempts
to use the
usermod
command.
Example:
# {
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/usermod -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset
-k usermod
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-usermod.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/sbin/usermod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/sbin/usermod" doesn't exist in the auditd running
configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.18_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_usermod_command_are_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671159_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/sbin/usermod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/sbin/usermod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/sbin/usermod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/sbin/usermod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.2 |
| Label: |
Collect Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management
process, has been enabled across enterprise assets. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.19 Ensure kernel module loading unloading and modification is collected
Description:
Monitor the loading and unloading of kernel modules. All the loading / listing / dependency
checking of modules is done by
kmod
via symbolic links.
The following system calls control loading and unloading of modules:
- init_module
- load a module
- finit_module
- load a module (used when the overhead of using cryptographically signed modules
to determine the authenticity of a module can be avoided)
- delete_module
- delete a module
- create_module
- create a loadable module entry
- query_module
- query the kernel for various bits pertaining to modules
Any execution of the loading and unloading module programs and system calls will trigger
an audit record with an identifier of
modules
.
Monitoring the use of all the various ways to manipulate kernel modules could provide
system administrators with evidence that an unauthorized change was made to a kernel
module, possibly compromising the security of the system.
Create audit rules
Edit or create a file in the
/etc/audit/rules.d/
directory, ending in
.rules
extension, with the relevant rules to monitor kernel module modification.
Example:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)
[ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module,finit_module,delete_module,create_module,query_module
-F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k kernel_modules
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/kmod -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset
-k kernel_modules
" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-kernel_modules.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN'
is unset.\n"
}
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "create_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "create_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "init_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "init_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "delete_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "delete_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "query_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "query_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
- - Auditd rule for: "finit_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "finit_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/kmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file
- - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/kmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.19_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_unloading_and_modification_is_collected"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684414_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "create_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "create_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "init_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "init_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "delete_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "delete_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "query_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "query_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "finit_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "finit_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "create_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "create_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "init_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "init_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "delete_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "delete_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "query_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "query_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "finit_module" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "finit_module" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5684415_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/kmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</l>
<l> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/kmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/kmod" doesn't exist in an auditd rules file</li>
<li> - Auditd rule for: "-F path=/usr/bin/kmod" doesn't exist in the auditd running configuration</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Fail6.3.3.20 Ensure the audit configuration is immutable
Description:
Set system audit so that audit rules cannot be modified with
auditctl
. Setting the flag "-e 2" forces audit to be put in immutable mode. Audit changes
can only be made on system reboot.
Note:
This setting will require the system to be rebooted to update the active
auditd
configuration settings.
In immutable mode, unauthorized users cannot execute changes to the audit system to
potentially hide malicious activity and then put the audit rules back. Users would
most likely notice a system reboot and that could alert administrators of an attempt
to make unauthorized audit changes.
Edit or create the file
/etc/audit/rules.d/99-finalize.rules
and add the line
-e 2
at the end of the file:
Example:
# printf '\n%s' "-e 2" >> /etc/audit/rules.d/99-finalize.rules
Load audit rules
Merge and load the rules into active configuration:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
# if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to
load rules\n"; fi
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - Auditd Immutable flag: "-e 2" not found in a rule file
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.20_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-3, AU-3(1), MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5697564_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l> - Auditd Immutable flag: "-e 2" not found in a rule file</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk_v2.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li> - Auditd Immutable flag: "-e 2" not found in a rule file</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-3, AU-3(1), MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.2 |
| Label: |
Activate audit logging |
| Description: |
Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices. |
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
Manual6.3.3.21 Ensure the running and on disk configuration is the same
Description:
The Audit system have both on disk and running configuration. It is possible for these
configuration settings to differ.
Note:
Due to the limitations of
augenrules
and
auditctl
, it is not absolutely guaranteed that loading the rule sets via
augenrules --load
will result in all rules being loaded or even that the user will be informed if there
was a problem loading the rules.
Configuration differences between what is currently running and what is on disk could
cause unexpected problems or may give a false impression of compliance requirements.
If the rules are not aligned across all three () areas, run the following command
to merge and load all rules:
# augenrules --load
Check if reboot is required.
if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then echo "Reboot required to load
rules"; fi
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.3.21_Ensure_the_running_and_on_disk_configuration_is_the_same"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Subcontrol: |
6.3 |
| Label: |
Enable Detailed Logging |
| Description: |
Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date,
user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand,
or recover from an attack. |
| Safeguard: |
8.5 |
| Label: |
Collect Detailed Audit Logs |
| Description: |
Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses,
and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Detect |
>
6.3.4 Configure auditd File Access
Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events
are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical
events.
Pass6.3.4.1 Ensure the audit log file directory mode is configured
Description:
The audit log directory contains audit log files.
Audit information includes all information including: audit records, audit settings
and audit reports. This information is needed to successfully audit system activity.
This information must be protected from unauthorized modification or deletion. If
this information were to be compromised, forensic analysis and discovery of the true
source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
Run the following command to configure the audit log directory to have a mode of "0750"
or less permissive:
# chmod g-w,o-rwx "$(dirname "$(awk -F= '/^\s*log_file\s*/{print $2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf
| xargs)")"
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_logfile_directory_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - Directory: "/var/log/audit" is mode: "(0700/drwx------)"
- (should be mode: "(750/-rwxr-x---)" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.1_Ensure_the_audit_log_file_directory_mode_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671178_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_logfile_directory_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_logfile_directory_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_logfile_directory_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - Directory: "/var/log/audit" is mode: "(0700/drwx------)"</l>
<l> (should be mode: "(750/-rwxr-x---)" or more restrictive)</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_logfile_directory_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - Directory: "/var/log/audit" is mode: "(0700/drwx------)"</li>
<li> (should be mode: "(750/-rwxr-x---)" or more restrictive)</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.2 Ensure audit log files mode is configured
Description:
Audit log files contain information about the system and system activity.
Access to audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, potentially
compromising its confidentiality.
Run the following command to remove more permissive mode than
0640
from audit log files:
# [ -f /etc/audit/auditd.conf ] && find "$(dirname $(awk -F "=" '/^\s*log_file/ {print
$2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf | xargs))" -type f -perm /0137 -exec chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx
{} +
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_logfile_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All files in "/var/log/audit" are mode: "(640/-rw-r-----)" or more restrictive
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.2_Ensure_audit_log_files_mode_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671182_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_logfile_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_logfile_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_logfile_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - All files in "/var/log/audit" are mode: "(640/-rw-r-----)" or more restrictive</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_logfile_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - All files in "/var/log/audit" are mode: "(640/-rw-r-----)" or more restrictive</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.3 Ensure audit log files owner is configured
Description:
Audit log files contain information about the system and system activity.
Access to audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, potentially
compromising its confidentiality.
Run the following command to configure the audit log files to be owned by the
root
user:
# [ -f /etc/audit/auditd.conf ] && find "$(dirname $(awk -F "=" '/^\s*log_file/ {print
$2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf | xargs))" -type f ! -user root -exec chown root {} +
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_log_files_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All files in: "/var/log/audit" are owned by: "root"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.3_Ensure_audit_log_files_owner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671186_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_log_files_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_log_files_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_log_files_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - All files in: "/var/log/audit" are owned by: "root"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_log_files_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - All files in: "/var/log/audit" are owned by: "root"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.4 Ensure audit log files group owner is configured
Description:
Audit log files contain information about the system and system activity.
Access to audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, potentially
compromising its confidentiality.
Run the following command to configure the audit log files to be owned by
adm
group:
# find $(dirname $(awk -F"=" '/^\s*log_file\s*=\s*/ {print $2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf
| xargs)) -type f \( ! -group adm -a ! -group root \) -exec chgrp adm {} +
Run the following command to configure the audit log files to be owned by the
adm
group:
# chgrp adm /var/log/audit/
Run the following command to set the
log_group
parameter in the audit configuration file to
log_group = adm
:
# sed -ri 's/^\s*#?\s*log_group\s*=\s*\S+(\s*#.*)?.*$/log_group = adm\1/' /etc/audit/auditd.conf
Run the following command to restart the audit daemon to reload the configuration
file:
# systemctl restart auditd
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_auditd_log_files_group_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - Log file group correctly set to: "root" in "/etc/audit/auditd.conf"
- - All files in: "/var/log/audit" are group owned by group: "(root or adm)"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.4_Ensure_audit_log_files_group_owner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5734051_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_log_files_group_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_log_files_group_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_log_files_group_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - Log file group correctly set to: "root" in "/etc/audit/auditd.conf"</l>
<l> - All files in: "/var/log/audit" are group owned by group: "(root or adm)"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_auditd_log_files_group_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - Log file group correctly set to: "root" in "/etc/audit/auditd.conf"</li>
<li> - All files in: "/var/log/audit" are group owned by group: "(root or adm)"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.5 Ensure audit configuration files mode is configured
Description:
Audit configuration files control auditd and what events are audited.
Access to the audit configuration files could allow unauthorized personnel to prevent
the auditing of critical events.
Misconfigured audit configuration files may prevent the auditing of critical events
or impact the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfiguration
of the audit configuration files may also make it more difficult to establish and
investigate events relating to an incident.
Run the following command to remove more permissive mode than 0640 from the audit
configuration files:
# find /etc/audit/ -type f \( -name '*.conf' -o -name '*.rules' \) -exec chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx
{} +
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are mode: "640" or more restrictive
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are mode: "640" or more restrictive
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.5_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_mode_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671198_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are mode: "640" or more restrictive</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are mode: "640" or more restrictive</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671202_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are mode: "640" or more restrictive</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are mode: "640" or more restrictive</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.6 Ensure audit configuration files owner is configured
Description:
Audit configuration files control auditd and what events are audited.
Access to the audit configuration files could allow unauthorized personnel to prevent
the auditing of critical events.
Misconfigured audit configuration files may prevent the auditing of critical events
or impact the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfiguration
of the audit configuration files may also make it more difficult to establish and
investigate events relating to an incident.
Run the following command to change ownership to
root
user:
# find /etc/audit/ -type f \( -name '*.conf' -o -name '*.rules' \) ! -user root -exec
chown root {} +
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are owned by: "root"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are owned by: "root"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.6_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_owner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671207_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are owned by: "root"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are owned by: "root"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671210_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are owned by: "root"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are owned by: "root"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.7 Ensure audit configuration files group owner is configured
Description:
Audit configuration files control auditd and what events are audited.
Access to the audit configuration files could allow unauthorized personnel to prevent
the auditing of critical events.
Misconfigured audit configuration files may prevent the auditing of critical events
or impact the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfiguration
of the audit configuration files may also make it more difficult to establish and
investigate events relating to an incident.
Run the following command to change group to
root
:
# find /etc/audit/ -type f \( -name '*.conf' -o -name '*.rules' \) ! -group root -exec
chgrp root {} +
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are group owned by: "root"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are group owned by: "root"
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.7_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_group_owner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671215_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are group owned by: "root"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.conf" in: "/etc/audit/" are group owned by: "root"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671218_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are group owned by: "root"</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_file_collection_group_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - All files ending in "*.rules" in: "/etc/audit/" are group owned by: "root"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.8 Ensure audit tools mode is configured
Description:
Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit
tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity
and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.
Protecting audit information includes identifying and protecting the tools used to
view and manipulate log data. Protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized
operation on audit information.
Run the following command to remove more permissive mode from the audit tools:
# chmod go-w /sbin/auditctl /sbin/aureport /sbin/ausearch /sbin/autrace /sbin/auditd
/sbin/augenrules
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/aureport" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/autrace" is mode: "0750" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/auditd" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.8_Ensure_audit_tools_mode_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671223_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671224_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/aureport" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/aureport" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671228_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671231_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/autrace" is mode: "0750" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/autrace" is mode: "0750" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671234_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/auditd" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/auditd" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671238_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is mode: "0755" (should be mode: "755" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.9 Ensure audit tools owner is configured
Description:
Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit
tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity
and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.
Protecting audit information includes identifying and protecting the tools used to
view and manipulate log data. Protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized
operation on audit information.
Run the following command to change the owner of the audit tools to the
root
user:
# chown root /sbin/auditctl /sbin/aureport /sbin/ausearch /sbin/autrace /sbin/auditd
/sbin/augenrules
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/aureport" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/autrace" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/auditd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.9_Ensure_audit_tools_owner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671242_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671246_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/aureport" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/aureport" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671250_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671253_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/autrace" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/autrace" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671257_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/auditd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/auditd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671261_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass6.3.4.10 Ensure audit tools group owner is configured
Description:
Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit
tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity
and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.
Protecting audit information includes identifying and protecting the tools used to
view and manipulate log data. Protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized
operation on audit information.
Run the following command to change group ownership to the groop
root
:
# chgrp root /sbin/auditctl /sbin/aureport /sbin/ausearch /sbin/autrace /sbin/auditd
/sbin/augenrules
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/aureport" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/autrace" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/auditd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.3.4.10_Ensure_audit_tools_group_owner_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671264_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/auditctl" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671268_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/aureport" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/aureport" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671269_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/ausearch" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671272_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/autrace" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/autrace" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671275_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/auditd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/auditd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5671278_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/sbin/augenrules" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
7 System Maintenance
Recommendations in this section are intended as maintenance and are intended to be
checked on a frequent basis to ensure system stability. Many recommendations do not
have quick remediations and require investigation into the cause and best fix available
and may indicate an attempted breach of system security.
7.1 System File Permissions
This section provides guidance on securing aspects of system files and directories.
Pass7.1.1 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd are configured
Description:
The /etc/passwd
file contains user account information that is used by many system utilities and therefore
must be readable for these utilities to operate.
It is critical to ensure that the
/etc/passwd
file is protected from unauthorized write access. Although it is protected by default,
the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group
on
/etc/passwd
:
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/passwd
# chown root:root /etc/passwd
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/passwd" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/passwd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/passwd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670664_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/passwd" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/passwd" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670666_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/passwd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/passwd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670669_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/passwd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/passwd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd- are configured
Description:
The /etc/passwd-
file contains backup user account information.
It is critical to ensure that the
/etc/passwd-
file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the
file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group
on
/etc/passwd-
:
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/passwd-
# chown root:root /etc/passwd-
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/passwd-" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/passwd-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/passwd-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.361+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670675_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/passwd-" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/passwd-" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670679_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/passwd-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/passwd-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670683_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/passwd-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/passwd-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/group are configured
Description:
The /etc/group
file contains a list of all the valid groups defined in the system. The command below
allows read/write access for root and read access for everyone else.
The /etc/group
file needs to be protected from unauthorized changes by non-privileged users, but
needs to be readable as this information is used with many non-privileged programs.
Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group
on
/etc/group
:
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/group
# chown root:root /etc/group
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/group" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/group" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/group" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670688_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/group" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/group" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670694_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/group" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/group" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670699_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/group" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/group" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/group- are configured
Description:
The /etc/group-
file contains a backup list of all the valid groups defined in the system.
It is critical to ensure that the
/etc/group-
file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the
file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group
on
/etc/group-
:
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/group-
# chown root:root /etc/group-
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/group-" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/group-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/group-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670707_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/group-" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/group-" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670710_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/group-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/group-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670715_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/group-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/group-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow are configured
Description:
The /etc/shadow
file is used to store the information about user accounts that is critical to the
security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.
If attackers can gain read access to the
/etc/shadow
file, they can easily run a password cracking program against the hashed password
to break it. Other security information that is stored in the
/etc/shadow
file (such as expiration) could also be useful to subvert the user accounts.
Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on
/etc/shadow
:
# chown root:root /etc/shadow
# chmod 0000 /etc/shadow
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670722_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670728_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670732_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow- are configured
Description:
The /etc/shadow-
file is used to store backup information about user accounts that is critical to the
security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.
It is critical to ensure that the
/etc/shadow-
file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the
file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on
/etc/shadow-
:
# chown root:root /etc/shadow-
# chmod 0000 /etc/shadow-
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shadow-" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shadow-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shadow-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670739_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shadow-" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shadow-" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670745_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shadow-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shadow-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670747_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shadow-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shadow-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow are configured
Description:
The /etc/gshadow
file is used to store the information about groups that is critical to the security
of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.
If attackers can gain read access to the
/etc/gshadow
file, they can easily run a password cracking program against the hashed password
to break it. Other security information that is stored in the
/etc/gshadow
file (such as group administrators) could also be useful to subvert the group.
Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on
/etc/gshadow
:
# chown root:root /etc/gshadow
# chmod 0000 /etc/gshadow
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/gshadow" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/gshadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/gshadow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670756_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/gshadow" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/gshadow" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670759_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/gshadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/gshadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670765_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/gshadow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/gshadow" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials |
| Description: |
Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.8 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow- are configured
Description:
The /etc/gshadow-
file is used to store backup information about groups that is critical to the security
of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.
It is critical to ensure that the
/etc/gshadow-
file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the
file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on
/etc/gshadow-
:
# chown root:root /etc/gshadow-
# chmod 0000 /etc/gshadow-
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670775_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is mode: "0" (should be mode: "0" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670779_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670784_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/gshadow-" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials |
| Description: |
Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.9 Ensure permissions on /etc/shells are configured
Description:
/etc/shells
is a text file which contains the full pathnames of valid login shells. This file
is consulted by
chsh
and available to be queried by other programs.
It is critical to ensure that the
/etc/shells
file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the
file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group
on
/etc/shells
:
# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/shells
# chown root:root /etc/shells
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shells" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shells" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/shells" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshells_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670792_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shells" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shells" is mode: "0644" (should be mode: "644" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670797_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shells" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shells" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670802_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/shells" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/shells" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.10 Ensure permissions on /etc/security/opasswd are configured
Description:
/etc/security/opasswd
and it's backup
/etc/security/opasswd.old
hold user's previous passwords if
pam_unix
or pam_pwhistory
is in use on the system
It is critical to ensure that
/etc/security/opasswd
is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file
permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.
Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group
on
/etc/security/opasswd
and
/etc/security/opasswd.old
is they exist:
# [ -e "/etc/security/opasswd" ] && chmod u-x,go-rwx /etc/security/opasswd
# [ -e "/etc/security/opasswd" ] && chown root:root /etc/security/opasswd
# [ -e "/etc/security/opasswd.old" ] && chmod u-x,go-rwx /etc/security/opasswd.old
# [ -e "/etc/security/opasswd.old" ] && chown root:root /etc/security/opasswd.old
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)
|
| No error lines were collected. |
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned
by: "root")
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_mode_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_owner_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.10_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsecurityopasswd_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670812_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is mode: "0600" (should be mode: "600" or more restrictive)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670818_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670824_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - file: "/etc/security/opasswd" is group owned by: "root" (should be group owned by: "root")</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670830_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670835_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_5670844_var"/>
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - "/etc/security/opasswd.old" doesn't exist</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Fail7.1.11 Ensure world writable files and directories are secured
Description:
World writable files are the least secure. Data in world-writable files can be modified
and compromised by any user on the system. World writable files may also indicate
an incorrectly written script or program that could potentially be the cause of a
larger compromise to the system's integrity. See the
chmod(2)
man page for more information.
Setting the sticky bit on world writable directories prevents users from deleting
or renaming files in that directory that are not owned by them.
Data in world-writable files can be modified and compromised by any user on the system.
World writable files may also indicate an incorrectly written script or program that
could potentially be the cause of a larger compromise to the system's integrity.
This feature prevents the ability to delete or rename files in world writable directories
(such as
/tmp
) that are owned by another user.
-
World Writable Files:
-
It is recommended that write access is removed from
other
with the command (
chmod o-w <filename>
), but always consult relevant vendor documentation to avoid breaking any application
dependencies on a given file.
-
World Writable Directories:
-
Set the sticky bit on all world writable directories with the command (
chmod a+t <directory_name>
)
Run the following script to:
- Remove other write permission from any world writable files
- Add the sticky bit to all world writable directories
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_smask='01000'
a_file=(); a_dir=() # Initialize arrays
a_path=(! -path "/run/user/*" -a ! -path "/proc/*" -a ! -path "*/containerd/*" -a
! -path "*/kubelet/pods/*" -a ! -path "*/kubelet/plugins/*" -a ! -path "/sys/*" -a
! -path "/snap/*")
while IFS= read -r l_mount; do
while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do
if [ -e "$l_file" ]; then
l_mode="$(stat -Lc '%#a' "$l_file")"
if [ -f "$l_file" ]; then # Remove excess permissions from WW files
echo -e " - File: \"$l_file\" is mode: \"$l_mode\"\n - removing write permission
on \"$l_file\" from \"other\""
chmod o-w "$l_file"
fi
if [ -d "$l_file" ]; then # Add sticky bit
if [ ! $(( $l_mode & $l_smask )) -gt 0 ]; then
echo -e " - Directory: \"$l_file\" is mode: \"$l_mode\" and doesn't have the sticky
bit set\n - Adding the sticky bit"
chmod a+t "$l_file"
fi
fi
fi
done < <(find "$l_mount" -xdev \( "${a_path[@]}" \) \( -type f -o -type d \) -perm
-0002 -print0 2> /dev/null)
done < <(findmnt -Dkerno fstype,target | awk '($1 !~ /^\s*(nfs|proc|smb|vfat|iso9660|efivarfs|selinuxfs)/
&& $2 !~ /^(\/run\/user\/|\/tmp|\/var\/tmp)/){print $2}')
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Fail |
| Exit Value: |
102 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** FAIL **
- - * Reasons for audit failure * :
- - There are "1" World writable files on the system.
- - The following is a list of World writable files:
- /home/ec2-user/license.xml
- - end of list
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - Sticky bit is set on world writable directories on the local filesystem.
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.11_Ensure_world_writable_files_and_directories_are_secured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh"
xccdf="fail"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh"
exit-value="102">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** FAIL **</l>
<l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - There are "1" World writable files on the system.</l>
<l> - The following is a list of World writable files:</l>
<l>/home/ec2-user/license.xml</l>
<l> - end of list</l>
<l/>
<l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - Sticky bit is set on world writable directories on the local filesystem.</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="fail">Fail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** FAIL **</li>
<li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - There are "1" World writable files on the system.</li>
<li> - The following is a list of World writable files:</li>
<li>/home/ec2-user/license.xml</li>
<li> - end of list</li>
<li/>
<li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - Sticky bit is set on world writable directories on the local filesystem.</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.1.12 Ensure no files or directories without an owner and a group exist
Description:
Administrators may delete users or groups from the system and neglect to remove all
files and/or directories owned by those users or groups.
A new user or group who is assigned a deleted user's user ID or group ID may then
end up "owning" a deleted user or group's files, and thus have more access on the
system than was intended.
Remove or set ownership and group ownership of these files and/or directories to an
active user on the system as appropriate.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No files or directories without an owner exist on the local filesystem.
- - No files or directories without a group exist on the local filesystem.
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.12_Ensure_no_files_or_directories_without_an_owner_and_a_group_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l/>
<l> - No files or directories without an owner exist on the local filesystem.</l>
<l> - No files or directories without a group exist on the local filesystem.</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li/>
<li> - No files or directories without an owner exist on the local filesystem.</li>
<li> - No files or directories without a group exist on the local filesystem.</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Manual7.1.13 Ensure SUID and SGID files are reviewed
Description:
The owner of a file can set the file's permissions to run with the owner's or group's
permissions, even if the user running the program is not the owner or a member of
the group. The most common reason for a SUID or SGID program is to enable users to
perform functions (such as changing their password) that require root privileges.
There are valid reasons for SUID and SGID programs, but it is important to identify
and review such programs to ensure they are legitimate. Review the files returned
by the action in the audit section and check to see if system binaries have a different
checksum than what from the package. This is an indication that the binary may have
been replaced.
Ensure that no rogue SUID or SGID programs have been introduced into the system. Review
the files returned by the action in the Audit section and confirm the integrity of
these binaries.
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.1.13_Ensure_SUID_and_SGID_files_are_reviewed"
role="unscored"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="0.0">
<xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5, AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5, AC-3, MP-2
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
7.2 Local User and Group Settings
This section provides guidance on securing aspects of the local users and groups.
Note:
The recommendations in this section check local users and groups. Any users or groups
from other sources such as LDAP will not be audited. In a domain environment similar
checks should be performed against domain users and groups.
Pass7.2.1 Ensure accounts in /etc/passwd use shadowed passwords
Description:
Local accounts can uses shadowed passwords. With shadowed passwords, The passwords
are saved in shadow password file,
/etc/shadow
, encrypted by a salted one-way hash. Accounts with a shadowed password have an
x
in the second field in
/etc/passwd
.
The /etc/passwd
file also contains information like user ID's and group ID's that are used by many
system programs. Therefore, the
/etc/passwd
file must remain world readable. In spite of encoding the password with a randomly-generated
one-way hash function, an attacker could still break the system if they got access
to the
/etc/passwd
file. This can be mitigated by using shadowed passwords, thus moving the passwords
in the
/etc/passwd
file to
/etc/shadow
. The
/etc/shadow
file is set so only root will be able to read and write. This helps mitigate the risk
of an attacker gaining access to the encoded passwords with which to perform a dictionary
attack.
Note:
- All accounts must have passwords or be locked to prevent the account from being used
by an unauthorized user.
-
A user account with an empty second field in
/etc/passwd
allows the account to be logged into by providing only the username.
Run the following command to set accounts to use shadowed passwords and migrate passwords
in
/etc/passwd
to
/etc/shadow
:
# pwconv
Investigate to determine if the account is logged in and what it is being used for,
to determine if it needs to be forced off.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Criterion: |
Ensure no file named /etc/passwd exists and matches pattern ^\h*[^:#\n\r]+:[^x:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*$ |
| Existence Check: |
None Exist |
| Item Check: |
All |
| Result: |
Pass |
| No matching system items were found. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/11"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">PWCONV(8)</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670871"/>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="definition"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:def:5670871">
<div class="criteria">
<div class="criterion"
id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.redhat_redhat_enterprise_linux_9:tst:5670871"
check="all"
check_existence="none_exist">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
<td>Ensure no file named /etc/passwd exists and matches pattern ^\h*[^:#\n\r]+:[^x:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
<td>None Exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
<td>All</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>No matching system items were found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
- URL: PWCONV(8)
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation,
use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage
them. |
| Subcontrol: |
16.4 |
| Label: |
Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials |
| Description: |
Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.11 |
| Label: |
Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest |
| Description: |
Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption, meets
the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods may include
application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption, where access to
the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text data. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-2 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.2.2 Ensure /etc/shadow password fields are not empty
Description:
An account with an empty password field means that anybody may log in as that user
without providing a password.
All accounts must have passwords or be locked to prevent the account from being used
by an unauthorized user.
If any accounts in the
/etc/shadow
file do not have a password, run the following command to lock the account until it
can be determined why it does not have a password:
# passwd -l <username>
Also, check to see if the account is logged in and investigate what it is being used
for to determine if it needs to be forced off.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_shadow_password_field_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No users password field is empty in /etc/shadow
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.2_Ensure_etcshadow_password_fields_are_not_empty"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_shadow_password_field_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_shadow_password_field_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_shadow_password_field_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No users password field is empty in /etc/shadow</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_shadow_password_field_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No users password field is empty in /etc/shadow</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment,
and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications. |
| Subcontrol: |
4.4 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root,
or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 5: Account Management: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user
accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise
assets and software. |
| Safeguard: |
5.2 |
| Label: |
Use Unique Passwords |
| Description: |
Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes,
at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password
for accounts not using MFA. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.2.3 Ensure all groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group
Description:
Over time, system administration errors and changes can lead to groups being defined
in /etc/passwd
but not in
/etc/group
.
Groups defined in the
/etc/passwd
file but not in the
/etc/group
file pose a threat to system security since group permissions are not properly managed.
Analyze the output of the Audit step above and perform the appropriate action to correct
any discrepancies found.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_group_in_passwd_not_in_group_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No GIDs exist in /etc/passwd that do not exist in /etc/group
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_in_passwd_not_in_group_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_group_in_passwd_not_in_group_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_group_in_passwd_not_in_group_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No GIDs exist in /etc/passwd that do not exist in /etc/group</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_group_in_passwd_not_in_group_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No GIDs exist in /etc/passwd that do not exist in /etc/group</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
- Control 14: Security Awareness and Skills Training: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Establish and maintain a security awareness program to influence behavior among the
workforce to be security conscious and properly skilled to reduce cybersecurity risks
to the enterprise. |
| Safeguard: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Train Workforce Members on Recognizing and Reporting Security Incidents |
| Description: |
Train workforce members to be able to recognize a potential incident and be able to
report such an incident. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.2.4 Ensure no duplicate UIDs exist
Description:
Although the
useradd
program will not let you create a duplicate User ID (UID), it is possible for an administrator
to manually edit the
/etc/passwd
file and change the UID field.
Users must be assigned unique UIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate access
protections.
Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique UIDs and review all files
owned by the shared UIDs to determine which UID they are supposed to belong to.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_duplicate_uid.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No duplicate UIDs exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.4_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_duplicate_uid.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_duplicate_uid.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_duplicate_uid.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No duplicate UIDs exist</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_duplicate_uid.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No duplicate UIDs exist</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass7.2.5 Ensure no duplicate GIDs exist
Description:
Although the
groupadd
program will not let you create a duplicate Group ID (GID), it is possible for an
administrator to manually edit the
/etc/group
file and change the GID field.
User groups must be assigned unique GIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate
access protections.
Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique GIDs and review all files
owned by the shared GID to determine which group they are supposed to belong to.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_duplicate_gid.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No duplicate GIDs exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.5_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_duplicate_gid.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_duplicate_gid.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_duplicate_gid.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No duplicate GIDs exist</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_duplicate_gid.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No duplicate GIDs exist</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass7.2.6 Ensure no duplicate user names exist
Description:
Although the
useradd
program will not let you create a duplicate user name, it is possible for an administrator
to manually edit the
/etc/passwd
file and change the user name.
If a user is assigned a duplicate user name, it will create and have access to files
with the first UID for that username in
/etc/passwd
. For example, if "test4" has a UID of 1000 and a subsequent "test4" entry has a UID
of 2000, logging in as "test4" will use UID 1000. Effectively, the UID is shared,
which is a security problem.
Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique user names for the users.
File ownerships will automatically reflect the change as long as the users have unique
UIDs.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_duplicate_username.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No duplicate Users exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.6_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_duplicate_username.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_duplicate_username.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_duplicate_username.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No duplicate Users exist</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_duplicate_username.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No duplicate Users exist</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass7.2.7 Ensure no duplicate group names exist
Description:
Although the
groupadd
program will not let you create a duplicate group name, it is possible for an administrator
to manually edit the
/etc/group
file and change the group name.
If a group is assigned a duplicate group name, it will create and have access to files
with the first GID for that group in
/etc/group
. Effectively, the GID is shared, which is a security problem.
Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique names for the user groups.
File group ownerships will automatically reflect the change as long as the groups
have unique GIDs.
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_duplicate_groupname.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- *** PASS ***
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No duplicate Groups exist
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.7_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_duplicate_groupname.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_duplicate_groupname.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_duplicate_groupname.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> *** PASS ***</l>
<l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No duplicate Groups exist</l>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_duplicate_groupname.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> *** PASS ***</li>
<li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No duplicate Groups exist</li>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
Pass7.2.8 Ensure local interactive user home directories are configured
Description:
The user home directory is space defined for the particular user to set local environment
variables and to store personal files. While the system administrator can establish
secure permissions for users' home directories, the users can easily override these.
Users can be defined in
/etc/passwd
without a home directory or with a home directory that does not actually exist.
Since the user is accountable for files stored in the user home directory, the user
must be the owner of the directory. Group or world-writable user home directories
may enable malicious users to steal or modify other users' data or to gain another
user's system privileges. If the user's home directory does not exist or is unassigned,
the user will be placed in "/" and will not be able to write any files or have local
environment variables set.
If a local interactive users' home directory is undefined and/or doesn't exist, follow
local site policy and perform one of the following:
- Lock the user account
- Remove the user from the system
-
create a directory for the user. If undefined, edit
/etc/passwd
and add the absolute path to the directory to the last field of the user.
Run the following script to:
- Remove excessive permissions from local interactive users home directories
- Update the home directory's owner
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
l_output2=""
l_valid_shells="^($( awk -F\/ '$NF != "nologin" {print}' /etc/shells | sed -rn '/^\//{s,/,\\\\/,g;p}'
| paste -s -d '|' - ))$"
unset a_uarr && a_uarr=() # Clear and initialize array
while read -r l_epu l_eph; do # Populate array with users and user home location
a_uarr+=("$l_epu $l_eph")
done <<< "$(awk -v pat="$l_valid_shells" -F: '$(NF) ~ pat { print $1 " " $(NF-1) }'
/etc/passwd)"
l_asize="${#a_uarr[@]}" # Here if we want to look at number of users before proceeding
[ "$l_asize " -gt "10000" ] && echo -e "\n ** INFO **\n - \"$l_asize\" Local interactive
users found on the system\n - This may be a long running process\n"
while read -r l_user l_home; do
if [ -d "$l_home" ]; then
l_mask='0027'
l_max="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_mask)) )"
while read -r l_own l_mode; do
if [ "$l_user" != "$l_own" ]; then
l_output2="$l_output2\n - User: \"$l_user\" Home \"$l_home\" is owned by: \"$l_own\"\n
- changing ownership to: \"$l_user\"\n"
chown "$l_user" "$l_home"
fi
if [ $(( $l_mode & $l_mask )) -gt 0 ]; then
l_output2="$l_output2\n - User: \"$l_user\" Home \"$l_home\" is mode: \"$l_mode\"
should be mode: \"$l_max\" or more restrictive\n - removing excess permissions\n"
chmod g-w,o-rwx "$l_home"
fi
done <<< "$(stat -Lc '%U %#a' "$l_home")"
else
l_output2="$l_output2\n - User: \"$l_user\" Home \"$l_home\" Doesn't exist\n -
Please create a home in accordance with local site policy"
fi
done <<< "$(printf '%s\n' "${a_uarr[@]}")"
if [ -z "$l_output2" ]; then # If l_output2 is empty, we pass
echo -e " - No modification needed to local interactive users home directories"
else
echo -e "\n$l_output2"
fi
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - All local interactive users:
- - home directories exist
- - own their home directory
- - home directories are mode: "750" or more restrictive
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.8_Ensure_local_interactive_user_home_directories_are_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - All local interactive users:</l>
<l> - home directories exist</l>
<l> - own their home directory</l>
<l> - home directories are mode: "750" or more restrictive</l>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - All local interactive users:</li>
<li> - home directories exist</li>
<li> - own their home directory</li>
<li> - home directories are mode: "750" or more restrictive</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>
Pass7.2.9 Ensure local interactive user dot files access is configured
Description:
While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' "dot" files,
the users can easily override these.
- .forward
file specifies an email address to forward the user's mail to.
- .rhost
file provides the "remote authentication" database for the rcp, rlogin, and rsh commands
and the rcmd() function. These files bypass the standard password-based user authentication
mechanism. They specify remote hosts and users that are considered trusted (i.e. are
allowed to access the local system without supplying a password)
- .netrc
file contains data for logging into a remote host or passing authentication to an
API.
- .bash_history
file keeps track of the user’s commands.
User configuration files with excessive or incorrect access may enable malicious users
to steal or modify other users' data or to gain another user's system privileges.
Making global modifications to users' files without alerting the user community can
result in unexpected outages and unhappy users. Therefore, it is recommended that
a monitoring policy be established to report user dot file permissions and determine
the action to be taken in accordance with site policy.
The following script will:
-
remove excessive permissions on
dot
files within interactive users' home directories
-
change ownership of
dot
files within interactive users' home directories to the user
-
change group ownership of
dot
files within interactive users' home directories to the user's primary group
-
list
.forward
and
.rhost
files to be investigated and manually deleted
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
a_output2=(); a_output3=()
l_maxsize="1000" # Maximum number of local interactive users before warning (Default
1,000)
l_valid_shells="^($( awk -F\/ '$NF != "nologin" {print}' /etc/shells | sed -rn '/^\//{s,/,\\\\/,g;p}'
| paste -s -d '|' - ))$"
a_user_and_home=() # Create array with local users and their home directories
while read -r l_local_user l_local_user_home; do # Populate array with users and user
home location
[[ -n "$l_local_user" && -n "$l_local_user_home" ]] && a_user_and_home+=("$l_local_user:$l_local_user_home")
done <<< "$(awk -v pat="$l_valid_shells" -F: '$(NF) ~ pat { print $1 " " $(NF-1) }'
/etc/passwd)"
l_asize="${#a_user_and_home[@]}" # Here if we want to look at number of users before
proceeding
[ "${#a_user_and_home[@]}" -gt "$l_maxsize" ] && printf '%s\n' "" " ** INFO **" \
" - \"$l_asize\" Local interactive users found on the system" \
" - This may be a long running check" ""
file_access_fix()
{
a_access_out=()
l_max="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_mask)) )"
if [ $(( $l_mode & $l_mask )) -gt 0 ]; then
printf '%s\n' "" " - File: \"$l_hdfile\" is mode: \"$l_mode\" and should be mode:
\"$l_max\" or more restrictive" \
" Updating file: \"$l_hdfile\" to be mode: \"$l_max\" or more restrictive"
chmod "$l_change" "$l_hdfile"
fi
if [[ ! "$l_owner" =~ ($l_user) ]]; then
printf '%s\n' "" " - File: \"$l_hdfile\" owned by: \"$l_owner\" and should be owned
by \"${l_user//|/ or }\"" \
" Updating file: \"$l_hdfile\" to be owned by \"${l_user//|/ or }\""
chown "$l_user" "$l_hdfile"
fi
if [[ ! "$l_gowner" =~ ($l_group) ]]; then
printf '%s\n' "" " - File: \"$l_hdfile\" group owned by: \"$l_gowner\" and should
be group owned by \"${l_group//|/ or }\"" \
" Updating file: \"$l_hdfile\" to be group owned by \"${l_group//|/ or }\""
chgrp "$l_group" "$l_hdfile"
fi
}
while IFS=: read -r l_user l_home; do
a_dot_file=(); a_netrc=(); a_netrc_warn=(); a_bhout=(); a_hdirout=()
if [ -d "$l_home" ]; then
l_group="$(id -gn "$l_user" | xargs)";l_group="${l_group// /|}"
while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_hdfile; do
while read -r l_mode l_owner l_gowner; do
case "$(basename "$l_hdfile")" in
.forward | .rhost )
a_dot_file+=(" - File: \"$l_hdfile\" exists" " Please review and manually delete
this file") ;;
.netrc )
l_mask='0177'; l_change="u-x,go-rwx"; file_access_fix
a_netrc_warn+=(" - File: \"$l_hdfile\" exists") ;;
.bash_history )
l_mask='0177'; l_change="u-x,go-rwx"; file_access_fix ;;
* )
l_mask='0133'; l_change="u-x,go-wx"; file_access_fix ;;
esac
done < <(stat -Lc '%#a %U %G' "$l_hdfile")
done < <(find "$l_home" -xdev -type f -name '.*' -print0)
fi
[ "${#a_dot_file[@]}" -gt 0 ] && a_output2+=(" - User: \"$l_user\" Home Directory:
\"$l_home\"" "${a_dot_file[@]}")
[ "${#a_netrc_warn[@]}" -gt 0 ] && a_output3+=(" - User: \"$l_user\" Home Directory:
\"$l_home\"" "${a_netrc_warn[@]}")
done <<< "$(printf '%s\n' "${a_user_and_home[@]}")"
[ "${#a_output3[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "" " ** WARNING **" "${a_output3[@]}"
""
[ "${#a_output2[@]}" -gt 0 ] && printf '%s\n' "" "${a_output2[@]}"
}
Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
| AND |
| Script: |
sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh |
| Result: |
Pass |
| Exit Value: |
101 |
| Output: |
- - Audit Result:
- ** PASS **
- - * Correctly configured * :
- - No local interactive users home directories contain:
- - ".forward" or ".rhost" files
- - ".netrc" files with incorrect access configured
- - ".bash_history" files with incorrect access configured
- - "dot" files with incorrect access configured
|
| No error lines were collected. |
|
Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_7.2.9_Ensure_local_interactive_user_dot_files_access_is_configured"
role="full"
severity="unknown"
time="2024-07-21T11:22:36.362+01:00"
version="1"
weight="1.0">
<xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
<xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
<xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
<xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
<xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
<xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
negate="false"
multi-check="false">
<xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh"/>
<xccdf:check-content>
<command_result href="sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh"
xccdf="pass"
script="/home/ec2-user/Assessor/sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh"
exit-value="101">
<out>
<l/>
<l/>
<l>- Audit Result:</l>
<l> ** PASS **</l>
<l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
<l> - No local interactive users home directories contain:</l>
<l> - ".forward" or ".rhost" files</l>
<l> - ".netrc" files with incorrect access configured</l>
<l> - ".bash_history" files with incorrect access configured</l>
<l> - "dot" files with incorrect access configured</l>
<l/>
<l/>
<l/>
</out>
<err/>
<env/>
</command_result>
</xccdf:check-content>
<evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
<div class="sce">
<table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Script:</td>
<td>sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Result:</td>
<td class="pass">Pass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
<td>101</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td class="bold">Output:</td>
<td>
<ul class="unstyled">
<li/>
<li/>
<li>- Audit Result:</li>
<li> ** PASS **</li>
<li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
<li> - No local interactive users home directories contain:</li>
<li> - ".forward" or ".rhost" files</li>
<li> - ".netrc" files with incorrect access configured</li>
<li> - ".bash_history" files with incorrect access configured</li>
<li> - "dot" files with incorrect access configured</li>
<li/>
<li/>
<li/>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="evidence" width="100%">
<tbody class="tbe">
<tr>
<td>No error lines were collected.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</evidence>
</xccdf:check>
</xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
References:
- URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5
CIS Controls V7.0:
- Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical
assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination
of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these
critical assets based on an approved classification. |
| Subcontrol: |
14.6 |
| Label: |
Protect Information through Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce
the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities. |
>
CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:
- Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
| CIS Control Information |
| Control: |
Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain,
and dispose of data. |
| Safeguard: |
3.3 |
| Label: |
Configure Data Access Control Lists |
| Description: |
Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access
control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems,
databases, and applications. |
| Implementation Group: |
IG-1 |
| Security Function: |
Protect |
>